Kukula strawberries - momwe mungapezere pazikolola zokolola?

Kukula strawberries kumaonedwa kuti ndi kophweka poyerekeza ndi kukolola blueberries, blueberries ndi zipatso zina. Imakhala yokolola mofulumira, imapereka zipatso zambiri ndipo sizisowa kuthirira tsiku ndi tsiku. Izi zimafuna kubzala bwino ndi kusamalira tchire usanayambe kucha zipatso.

Kubzala strawberries

Kubzala zipatso kumapangidwa kudzera mu mbande yokonzedwa kale. Musanaike mizu pamalo otseguka, zomera zimakhala zosalala: khalani m'malo ozizira kwa masiku osachepera 5-10. Pambuyo pake, malamulo ena obzala strawberries kumapeto a masika amakwaniritsidwa:

1. Kuti mbeu zisamafalikire ndipo zikhale zosavuta kuti zizuke, mizu ya mbande imalowetsedwa m'munda wa chatterbox kuchokera ku dongo ndi mullein kulowetsedwa musanayambe instillation.
2. Pakuti strawberries amasankha chiwembu cha munda, chomwe sichidzadzaza ndi madzi opitirira pansi. Njira yabwino imaganiza kuti mlingo wawo uli pansi pa 1 mita.
3. Bedi limatsukidwa ndi mabala akuluakulu a dziko lapansi ndi namsongole.
4. Pofuna kuti mbande izikula msanga, mchere wa dziko lapansi pamwamba pa kukula (gawo lapamwamba la muzu) sayenera kukhala oposa 2 cm.
5. Pamene chitsamba chimaikidwa mu dzenje, chimayandikana ndi dziko lapansi, kenaka pang'ono ndi pang'ono chimabwezeretsanso madzi kuti asasambe nthaka pansi pa mizu.

Kodi mungakonzekere bwanji dothi lodzala strawberries?

Chifukwa chakuti tchire la sitiroberi limaganizira bwino za nthaka, iyenera kumvetsera mwatcheru musanadzalemo. Okonzeratu bwino zipatso za zipatso ndi tirigu, katsabola kapena basil, omwe ndi oyimira banja la Solanaceae. Kukula strawberries kutseguka pansi kudzakhala mofulumira ndipo kudzabala zipatso ngati dothi likukonzekera kuganizira malangizo a odziwa wamaluwa:

1. Malo okongola ayenera kusakanizidwa ndi loam kapena mchenga loam mu chiwerengero cha 1: 1.
2. Masiku khumi musanadzalemo, nthaka imadulidwa ndipo imatetezedwa ku matenda a fungal. Mafuta 10 malita, 500 g laimu ndi 50 g zamkuwa sulphate amagwiritsidwa ntchito. Kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa 1 mita mita imagwiritsa 1 lita imodzi ya osakaniza.
3. Mabedi amadzazidwa ndi chisakanizo cha organic feteleza. Pamwamba pa masentimita 10 a nthaka ayenera kukhala ndi chisakanizo cha ndulu, mchenga woyera, peat ndi humus mofanana.

Kubzala strawberries mu autumn

Pa nthawi imeneyi, tchire timabzalidwa pa zifukwa ziwiri: mwina kuti tizipititsa patsogolo fruiting ndi feteleza yapadera ndikukolola mu wowonjezera kutentha m'nyengo yozizira, kapena kusonkhanitsa zipatso zoyambirira kumayambiriro kwa June. Kulondola chodzala cha strawberries mu yophukira kumathandiza kuti rooting wabwino ndi hibernation popanda kuwonongeka. Pali nthawi zitatu zomwe zimatha kubzala m'dzinja kwa mabulosi awa:

1. Kumayambiriro kwa autumn - kuyambira sabata lachitatu la August mpaka pakati pa September.
2. Kutsika kwa autumn-kuyambira September 15 mpaka Oktoba 15.
3. Kubzala kumbuyo - tchire kuikidwa pamtunda mwezi pamaso pa chisanu choyamba.

Kubzala strawberries mu kasupe

M'chaka mabulosi baka obzalidwa poyera nthaka pamene ozizira nyengo recedes. Tsiku lenileni la kubzala limasiyana malinga ndi dera. Kuti muphunzire momwe mungamere bwino masamba a sitiroberi m'chaka, muyenera kuyamba ndi kuikidwa m'manda mwamsanga mu nthaka ya tchire ndi kuwasakaniza ndi humus kapena kompositi. Mauthenga abwino a kusamba kwa kasupe ndi awa:

1. Kwa madera akumwera - kuyambira 1 mpaka 15 March.
2. Kumadera akummwera ndi kusungunuka kwa ayezi - kuyambira 1 mpaka 15 Meyi.
3. Kwa gulu lapakati - kuyambira 10 mpaka 30 April.

Njira zolima strawberries

Popeza mbewu za mabulosi sizimagwirizana ndi onse oyandikana nawo m'munda, sangathe kubzalidwa movutikira. Malamulo odzala strawberries amaletsedwa kubzala baka pafupi tomato, parsley, eggplant, gooseberries ndi currants wakuda. Mbande zimayikidwa pambali yozungulira ndi imodzi mwa ndondomeko zotsatirazi:

1. Kufikira pamtunda. Tchire ali pafupi wina ndi mzache, ndipo masamba akawoneka akuyamba kufanana ndi chophimba chokhazikika cha zimayambira. Mitengo yotsalira imeneyi ndi yaing'ono chifukwa cha mizu yotsatizana.
2. Kulowa mzere. Mzere wautali wa tchire, pakati pake mungathe kuwoloka kapena kusonkhanitsa zipatso mosavuta.
3. Kukula strawberries kumayima zitsamba mosiyana. Kufalitsa mitundu kubzalidwa ndikuganizira kugawanika kwa mizu ndi kukulumikiza.
4. Kubzala zisa. Pakatikati mwa munda pali chomera chimodzi, kuzungulira, chomera 6 zina.

Mtunda pakati pa sitiroberi baka pamene mubzala

Njira yabwino komanso yogwiritsidwa ntchito ndiyo ndondomeko yobzala strawberries m'mizere. Pambuyo pake, mpata umachoka pamtunda wa masentimita 40, ndipo mtunda wa pakati pa strawberries ukamabzala pa tchire ndi 15-20 masentimita. Njira zotsalira zotsalira zakonzedwa kuti:

• 45-60 cm kutali pakati pa tchire;
• Mtunda wa 35-40 masentimita pamene mtundu wamtendere unayambira;
• 5-10 masentimita - kuti mupitirize kubzala.

Mbali za kukula kwa strawberries

Froberberries ndi imodzi mwa zipatso zojambula zithunzi. Salola kulemba penumbra, choncho tchire timene timamera pafupi ndi iye, timadulidwa nthawi ya chilimwe, kuti tisachedwetse kusasitsa. Njira zowonjezera strawberries zimapangitsanso kuti asamalidwe bwino. Zina mwa izo:

1. Njira yowona. Mliri wa mitundu ya ampel imachokera ku mphika kapena bokosi, kapena kupiringa pa gridi kapena mapaipi.
2. Zozengereza. Mitengo yochepa kapena yobiriwira imafalikira pansi kapena imayika mizu m'matumba, m'miphika kapena mipiringidzo.

Kukula strawberries chaka chonse

Ngati zaka makumi angapo zapitazo zipatsozo zinakula pokhapokha nyengo yotentha, ndiye lero zokolola ku tchire zimakhala zochepa mu March, ngakhale mu December. Pali njira zitatu zomwe zimapangitsa kuti kulima kwapadera kwa sitiroberi kukuthandizidwe:

1. Malo osungirako mafilimu . Mitengo yochepa yochepa imatha kukulira pansi pa filimu yowuma kumadera akum'mwera ndi kusunga nyengo yozizira.
2. Window sill. Zitsamba mu miphika zokwanira zowonjezera pazenera zimatha kulola 2 mbewu pamene mukudulira masharubu ndi kukolola panthawi.
3. Kutentha kutentha. Ngakhale m'madera ozizira, n'zotheka kupanga chinyezi chofunika ndi kutentha kwa mpweya.

Kukula strawberries - pamwamba kuvala

Kuvala pamwamba kwa zitsamba sikunapangidwe konse - iwo amamera ndi omwe adabzalidwa chaka chatha kapena kale. Zomwe zimayambitsa kukula kwa strawberries, ngati sizili ndi matenda kapena zowonongeka, zimapangidwira katatu kamere - mutabzalidwa, pamapeto pa maonekedwe a mazira ndipo mutatha kukolola. Nthawi zina pofuna chitetezo, njira yodyera imabwerezedwa kukonzekera nyengo yozizira. Manyowa abwino kwambiri ndi awa:

• ammonium sulfate;
• zitowe za nkhuku;
• mankhwala osakaniza a ayodini ndi asidi asidi;
• mullein;
• ma biskiketi opangidwa m'madzi.

Kusamalira strawberries

Mukamabzala mbeu nthawi zonse muyenera kumasula pogona, kuthirira, kuchiza motsutsana ndi tizilombo ndikudyetsa ndi zinthu zakuthupi ndi ma microelements. Malingana ndi zosiyanasiyana, maluwa amayamba theka lachiwiri la May kapena oyambirira June. Kusamalira bwino strawberries kuti mupeze zokolola zabwino muyenera kukhazikitsidwa pa mfundo zingapo:

• kusunga mafupipafupi pazitsamba zosiyanasiyana za kulima;
• kusunga mabedi kuti atetezedwe kuzizira, kutentha kapena nyengo yoipa;
• Kawirikawiri kufufuza mosamala chitsamba kuchotsa zipatso zovunda ndi masamba ogwa.

Kusamalira strawberries mutabzala

Pambuyo pake atangomaliza kutsekemera muzuwo, tchire la mbande imathiridwa madzi. Olima munda amalankhula kangati kuti adye madzi a sitiroberi mutabzala akulangizidwa kuti azichita m'mawa mobwerezabwereza kuposa nthawi imodzi mu masabata 2-3. Pambuyo pake, m'pofunikira kukulitsa nthaka - pamwamba pa chidebe cha nthaka chothandiza pa munda wa mbewu. Njira imeneyi ya agrotechnics imathandizira kuti nthaka ikhale ndi mavitamini, imathandiza kuti tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tilowe mizu ndikusunga chinyezi kumtunda. Chitani mulching molingana ndi njira:

1. Kukonzekera kwa nkhaniyo. Iwo akhoza kukhala utuchi, humus, udzu, wosweka makatoni, filimu, nyuzipepala, makungwa kapena singano.
2. Kuphimba mabedi. Masamba pakati pa tchire amabisika pansi pamtunda wodalirika wa mulch, kuyesera kuti asawononge zomera, kuti asasokoneze kulima kwa strawberries.
3. Kusamalira mulch. Kuthirira kutetezera kotetezedwa sikuvomerezeka, koma kukhoza kuwonjezeredwa ku chomera ngati zomera zikusowa mphepo.

Kusamalira strawberries pa maluwa

Pambuyo pa maonekedwe a mitundu, ndondomeko ya kuthirira imasintha. Kutsanulira madzi kuchokera pamwamba kumakhala kosakhalanso otetezeka: ngati madzi akugunda ovary, ikhoza kuyambitsa mawonekedwe a powdery mildew kapena imvi yovunda . Mwa malamulo omwe amapereka chisamaliro cha strawberries m'chaka ndi chilimwe, mungatchule zotsatirazi:

1. Nthawi yothirira ndi masiku 7-12. Mera imodzi ya masentimita amatha kufika pafupifupi malita 20 a madzi. Kutentha kwake kukhale 18-20 ° C.
2. Malo okhala pogona nyengo yoipa. Mvula ndi mphepo zikhoza kuvulaza masamba ofunda, kotero nthawi yokolola mvula ndi mphepo yamkuntho imaphimba ndi peti ya polyethylene filimu.
3. Kuwombera kutumphuka. Pamtunda ndi mabedi a zipatso, zimakhala zolimba, zomwe zimalepheretsa kupeza mpweya ku mizu. Iwo amathiridwa madzi ndi mfuti yachitsulo ndikudabwa.

Strawberry - kukonzekera pa fruiting

Pamene ovary amawonekera pa chomera, kusamalira kwabwino kumafunika kusinthidwa mozama kuti tipewe poizoni kuti tisalowe m'mitengo yakucha. Sikoyenera kukana makinema kuchokera ku kuvala pamwamba, ngati n'kotheka kusankha zinthu zopanda kanthu pazinthu izi. Kusamalira munda wa strawberries pa mapangidwe a zipatso ndi motere:

1. Kupaka pamwamba ndi nettle decoction kamodzi pa masabata awiri. Zimathandiza kuwonjezera misa ya zipatso ndikuwonjezeka juiciness. 20 g wa masamba owuma otsekemera amathiridwa 1 lita imodzi ya madzi otentha, kenaka yikani zina 10 malita a madzi ofunda ndipo mugwiritsire ntchito zolemba ulimi wothirira.
2. Manyowa a phulusa. Lili ndi ma microelements ofunika kuti mukhale ndi strawberries. Phulusa limayikidwa kuzungulira chitsamba pokhapokha maonekedwe a masamba oyambirira atangoyamba.
3. Kuthamangitsidwa kwa nthawi yake kwa zipatso zowonongeka. Ngati pa ovary, yokhala ndi zipatso zingapo, kamodzi kokha kamakwapulidwa, kameneka kachepetsedwa kuti chiteteze ena kuti asawonongeke.

Kukula kwa Strawberries - Matenda

Chikhalidwe ichi chimayambitsidwa ndi matenda omwewo omwe amakhudza blueberries, raspberries ndi zipatso zina. Kugonjetsedwa ndi wina aliyense wa iwo kumatsimikiziridwa ndi zizindikiro zakunja: kusintha kwa mtundu wa masamba, mawonekedwe awo, kuchepa kwa zipatso kapena kusintha kwa chipatsocho. Pofuna kusamalira mabedi mungathe kukumana ndi matenda oterewa a strawberries:

1. Kangaude mite. Tizilombo ting'onoting'onoting'ono timapukuta masamba ndi chibwebwe, chomwe chimapangitsa kuti ziwoneke komanso zikhale zachikasu. Mite ikhoza kugonjetsedwa ndi kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa ndi yankho la carbophos mutatha kukolola.
2. Strawberry mite. Zowopsa kwambiri, chifukwa zimawononga mizu ndi petioles ya masamba. Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timayika mazira pa mphukira pamene ayamba kupanga. Kulima munda wa sitiroberi matenda kumakhudza kwambiri: masamba amabala, ndipo zipatso zimakhala zochepa. Idzalepheretsedwa ndi mawonekedwe a mankhwala ndi colloidal sulfure musanadzalemo.
3. Nematode. Nyongolotsi zokhala ndi kutalika kwa 1 masentimita zimapereka chikhalidwe cha brittle phesi ndipo zimakhudza kutalika kwa cuttings, koma zimakhala pansi, osati pa zomera. Tizilombo timatulutsa mwamsanga kwambiri kuti tipewe chitukuko cha nyongolotsi. Zotsatira zowononga zidzakhala ndi maenje aang'ono ndi laimu, omwe ali pakati pa tchire.
4. Fusarium ndi mochedwa kupweteka. Zizindikiro zazikulu za matendawa ndi necrosis m'mphepete mwa masamba, kubowola mphukira ndi kufa kwawo. Kukula sitiroberi kumaphwanyidwa: axial silinda ya zomera imakanikirana ndipo imayamba kugwedezeka pambuyo pa chitukuko, mizu yake yosasunthika imamwalira. Matendawa sapezeka ngati tchire amaikidwa pamsinkhu uliwonse zaka 3-4.