Katemera wa panthawi yake komanso ochitidwa bwino amathetsa mavuto ambiri, chifukwa oyambitsa oyambitsa oyamba sasowa ndalama zazikulu zamalonda kapena zida zowongolera. Nthawi ndi khama zidzabwezeredwa kawiri, motero mudzaphunzira momwe mungasinthire mitundu yochepa ya zipatso zochepa kapena kupeza mbande zanu zabwino kunyumba.
Kuthamanga kwachitsulo chamasika
Aliyense amene adapeza munda wawung'ono koma wobala zipatso, akufuna kuonjezera chiwerengero cha mitundu yambiri yobzala nyumba za zitsamba ndi mitengo. Kawirikawiri malowa ali ndi mitundu yochepa yochepa yomwe imayenera kukhala m'malo. Nthawi zina mumsika timasokeretsedwa ndi nzika zonyansa, kutulutsa zakutchire kapena mbande za mbeu zosadziwika zochepa m'malo mwa amayi achi China kapena Giant omwe akufuna. Mavuto omwe adatchulidwawa athandizidwa ndi inoculation of plums, zomwe zingapangidwe popanda okhudza akatswiri okha.
Pofuna kuti ntchitoyo ibwezere ndi kubweretsa zipatso zokoma pambuyo pa zaka zingapo, ndibwino kuti aphunzire malamulo oyang'anira maulamuliro a plum komanso njira zoyenera zogwirira ntchitoyi. Tsopano pali njira mazana awiri kuti mutengere mitundu yosiyanasiyana pa mitengo ya zipatso, koma simukusowa mantha, pamunda wamaluwa mumagwiritsa ntchito mitundu 4 yotchuka yomwe imachitika nyengo yozizira. Zambiri zimatsimikiziridwa ndi kudula komwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito. Sizingatheke kutumiza zakuthupi mwachindunji kuchokera ku mowa mwauchidakwa ndikupaka inomulate maula kwa kanthawi kochepa.
Kodi cuttings ndi oyenera kukalumikiza plums:
- Mankhwalawa amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi fruiting nthawi zambiri,
- ndi bwino kutenga mphukira ya chaka chimodzi ndi nkhuni zakucha,
- Tsinde liyenera kukula pambali pa dzuwa kunja kwa korona,
- pakati pakati pa korona ndi kusankha bwino kwa kudula zakuthupi, pamwamba mphukira ndi wandiweyani, ndipo kuchokera pansi nthawizonse ndi yochepa kukula,
- kudula cuttings makamaka asanafike khola wamphamvu frosts pa 20 ° C,
- ndi bwino kusungira tsinde yosungirako kuyambira 40 cm mpaka 50 cm m'litali,
- kudula mvula, nthambi zingakhoze kuonongeka ndi chisanu, mu nyengo yozizira kwambiri, impso zambiri zimatuluka kunja, kawirikawiri zotsatira za ntchito ndizo chifukwa cha izi sizinapambane,
- katemera wabwino kwambiri amapezeka pamene ophatikizira ali m'tulo, ndipo chitsa chake chafika kale kuntchito.
Mu nyengo yovuta, kuphatikiza nthawi zonse ankasungidwa mu snowballs, owazidwa pamwamba ndi utuchi, kutentha mpaka 4-5 ° C chisanu. Kwa otsika-chisanu chakummwera madera, pamene pali zinthu zochepa, wina akhoza kugwiritsa ntchito friji, nyumba zotentha. Ngati mitunduyi ndi yofunikanso kugawaniza papepala ndi malemba. Poonetsetsa kuti mafinyumu omwe akubwerawa apambana, timayang'ana nthawi ndi nthawi, timachotsa nkhungu, komanso timayambitsa chinyezi.
Nthawi yowumizira mazenera
Ndizofunikira kusankha nthawi yoyenera ya ma plum grafting, pa nkhaniyi imakhudza kwambiri zotsatira za ntchito ya munda. Kupatula nyengo yamvula yozizira, nthawi zina zonse zimakhala zoyenera kuchitidwa opaleshoni imeneyi ndi mitengo, koma paliponse pali zinthu zina zofunika zomwe zimayenera kuganiziridwa pamene mukukalumikiza.
Ndi bwino katemera katemera:
- Katemera wamkati. Nthawiyi nthawizonse yakhala ikuwoneka kuti ndiyo yopambana kwambiri yogwira ntchito ndi mbande kapena m'malo mwa zosiyanasiyana. Kuthamanga kwakukulu kwa madzi kumathandiza mwamsanga kukulira pamodzi nkhuni ndi kulandira pazipita приживаемость привойного chuma. Zopindulitsa zina za katemera katemera ndikuti muli ndi nthawi yokonza zolakwa m'nyengo yachilimwe.
- Katemera wa Chilimwe. Kubzala mu June-Julayi, kubwezeretsa kwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana kungakhale, kutentha ndi masiku a dzuwa ndikwanira nthawi zambiri kukula kwa scion ndi kukalamba kwa nkhuni. Kupanga ntchito nthawiyi ndi koyenera nthawi yomwe katemera wa kasupe wa pulezidenti anali chifukwa cha zifukwa zingapo zomwe sizinapambane.
- Katemera wa m'dzinja. Zotsatira zogwira mtima zimapezeka mu kugwa, osati nthawizonse, chisanu choyamba chingadza mwadzidzidzi ndipo ntchito zonse zidzatha. Kupulumuka kwa m'dzinja kuli kochepa, ma grafts akhoza kupangidwira mwangoyesera chabe, ndipo ntchito yayikulu iyenera kusunthira kumapeto kwa chaka chamawa.
Mbali za kumtumikizanitsa plums
Ubwino wothandizira umadalira nthawi ya chaka, ubwino wa zinthu, luso la ntchito, chiyeneretso cha munthuyo. Udindo waukulu umasewera ndi kugwirizana kwa mitundu yomwe amagwiritsa ntchito mlimi. Kawirikawiri, choyamba, kupulumuka kumawoneka, koma kenako nyengo yachisanu ikuwuma kapena pamalo amtengowo amatha pang'onopang'ono. Privoy ife timasankha ndi khalidwe, ndi katundu - mwa kuyanjana kwake. Iye ali ndi mphamvu zambiri pa mphamvu ya kukula, chisanu kukana, nthawi yolowera ku fruiting, zokolola ndi moyo wa mtengo.
Njira yaikulu yosankha chitsa:
- chiyanjano chokwanira,
- Kodi katunduyo ndi oyenera bwanji nyengo yam'mudzi (kutentha kwa chisanu, kukana chilala, kukana mvula yambiri),
- kukhalapo kwa mizu yabwino.
Funso loti ngati n'zotheka kulima kuzama pazitsamba kapena mitengo yayikulu m'munda ndizofunika kwambiri. Pali intraspecific inoculations (kupuma kupopera), interspecies (chitumbuwa pa maula), intergeneric (mapichesi pa maula). Ntchito yopambana kwambiri ndi intraspecific zipangizo, ndi ma intergeneric oculars kapena copulinations peresenti ya zolephera. Mwala ndi miyala sizimayambira palimodzi, kuyesera kumalo amenewa n'kopanda phindu.
Kutulutsa apricot pa maula
Pakati lalikulu kuti mmera pansi pa apricot tengani mbande zakutchire ndi zipatso zazing'ono, mobwerezabwereza. Mu funsoli, kaya maulawo afesedwa pa apricot, pali maonekedwe ambiri. Mitundu iyi ndi achibale apamtima, koma zoyesera zimabweretsa zotsatira zoipa. Mu kuyesera kosavuta, ndibwino kutenga zinyama zakutchire za plums kuti zitsitsike, ndizo zowonjezereka zimakhala zowonjezereka, kutentha kwa chisanu cha apricot chapamwamba chidzakhala chapamwamba.
Katemera wa maula maula
Kalekale, mpikisano unadutsa ndi mazira a chitumbuwa ndipo chifukwa chake tilandira makolo achikulire omwe alipo panopa. Akatswiri a sayansi ya sayansi yatsimikizira kuti kugwirizana kwa mitundu ya mitengoyi ndi yowonjezereka, choncho ngati kuli kotheka, ndizotheka kubzala maula ndi kubwerera popanda mavuto. Alycha amagwira ntchito yabwino pamwala wambiri. Chisamaliro cha plum grafts mu podvoye complexity si chosiyana, koma nthawi zambiri amayenera kuthana ndi mphukira.
Peach pa maula
Nthawi zina, amateurs amatha kugwiritsa ntchito mphukira kapena pamphepete mwa mtengowu kuti agwire ntchito ndi pichesi. Katemera wa pichesi pamphuno m'nyengo ya masika imapezeka bwino ndi mitundu ya Hungarian Don ndi Chihungari cha Italy, ndipo Anna Shpet wambiri akupereka chiwerengero chokwanira chaukwati. Kulima fruiting pa njira yabwino kumapezeka zaka 4-6, chomera chimakula chisanu chopanda mphamvu ndi champhamvu.
Inoculation ya chitumbuwa pa maula
Kuyesera ndi kudutsa kwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya yamatcheri ndi plums amapereka pang'ono peresenti ya kupambana, nkhuni ili ndi kusiyana kwakukulu, kotero cuttings ndi masamba sizimachiritsa. Zotsatira zabwino zimapezeka pamene mukugwira ntchito ndi chitumbuwa chamtengo wapatali, mtengo wamtengo wapatali wa Chinese kuchokera pachimake ukhoza kukhala ndi chitsa chabwino chofooka. Ngati mukudziwa katemera pa phala, ndiye kuti muli ndi mwayi woika munda wanu wa pygmy plums. Kutsekemera kokometsedwa ngati chitsa sikugwiritsidwa ntchito mobwerezabwereza. Pamizu ya maula, imakula kwambiri ndipo pamene ukufalikira sikukumbutsa chitsamba chofooka, koma sakura yabwino.
Inoculation wa chitumbuwa pa maula
Chotsatira cha kuumizitsa chitumbuwa pa maula sizowoneka bwino. Ngakhale zabwino panthawi yoyamba, kuyesera kumatha posachedwa ndi kuyanika kwa mphukira zosadziwika komanso kukana nkhuni. Kwa alimali mtundu wa chitumbuwa uli ndi ulemerero wa mtengo wopanda nzeru, umapweteka bwino ndi mbalame yamatcheri ndi yamatcheri otchire. Chitsa mu mawonekedwe a chosavuta kwambiri-chitumbuwa chifukwa chiri bwino kuti musagwiritse ntchito, oyesera akuyembekezera zolephereka chifukwa cha kuwonjezereka kwakukulu kwa graft zamphamvu pamodzi ndi makulidwe.
Kodi mungapeze bwanji maula?
Nthawi zina zimakhala zovuta kwambiri kuti pakhale mitengo yambiri yomwe imakhala yowonjezereka, pamene intraspecific inoculation yapamwamba imakhala ndi mankhwala kapena impso. Anagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati katundu wazitsimikiziridwa, koma mitundu yosalekeza ya Renklod kolkhoz, Skorospelka yofiira, yozoloŵera kwa Wengerka Moscow. Ngati mukufuna kupeza mtengo wolimba kwambiri m'dera mwanu, gwiritsani ntchito mbande zakutchire pofuna katemera.
Kodi mungabzala bwanji maula?
Ntchito m'minda imapangidwa ndi zipangizo zosiyanasiyana ndi njira zosiyanasiyana, njira yowonjezera yomwe ingagwiritsidwe ntchito ikhoza kuoneka mosiyana, koma njira zonse zomwe zilipo zokhudzana ndi katemera zikugwera m'magulu atatu:
- Kuwombera - inoculation mu thunthu limodzi kapena zingapo za cuttings.
- Impso zothandizira .
- Ablaktivka - kugawidwa ndi kuphulika kwa maluwa kumera pafupi.
Pankhani ya katemera momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito katemera, simungagwiritse ntchito njira zambirimbiri, koma zazikulu zitatu zomwe alimi angakhale zosavuta. Pafupipafupi, okonda amasankha njira zofalitsira zosiyanasiyana pothawira ku cortex, kuthawa muwoneka ndi maso. Matenda a ablactini amafuna kukula kwa mfumukazi ndi scion, yomwe imakhala yovuta kwa mitengo, imakonda makamaka alimi kulima mitundu yolimba.
Kugawa kwakukulu kunapezekedwa ndi maula, komwe kakang'ono kakang'ono kakang'ono kamene kamachokera pamtundu wosiyanasiyana, kamakhala ngati katundu. Njira yosavuta kuti inoculate impso ndi mpeni. Nkhanambo ndi khungwa imachotsedwa m'thumba ndipo imakhala ndi nkhanambo yofanana ndi impso yamoyo yomwe imachotsedwa muzu. Mphepete mwa makungwa akuphatikizidwa mpaka kukwanira mwangwiro. Malo a inoculation a maulawo ndi omangirizidwa mwamphamvu ndi kutseka kwa kanthawi ndi filimu. Mu njira yofanana ndi T, kudula kumapangidwira mu chitseko cha chitsa, chomwe chimatsitsimutsa impso.
Inoculation plum pansi pa makungwa
Ndi njira iyi, chotsani mbali yakumtunda ya nthambi, mudule makungwa ndi mpeni pa mphukira pansi pa malo kupita ku mtengo wolimba, ndikuwululira kumbali. Pa cuttings, chombo cha oblique chimapanga 3 masentimita m'litali ndipo 2-3 maso akutsalira. Pambuyo mosamala muyike mu groove ya chitsa mu kutalika kwake. Tsamba la opaleshoniyo limakhazikika, mbali zotseguka za balazo zimayikidwa ndi sera, kuyesera kuti zisabweretse mkati. Kuika mphala kupitirira kanyumba kawirikawiri sikungatheke, sizingatheke pa mitengo yamtengo wapatali yamtengo wapatali, koma nthawi zonse imadutsa bwinobwino mbeu za mbeu.
Inoculation ya maula mu kasupe mu cleavage
Njira yabwino ndi yotheka ndi yochulukitsa maulamuliro powonongolera mu chingwe. Ndibwino kuti mitengo ikuluikulu isagwirizane ndi wolima mbewu. Njira yogwirira ntchitoyi ili yosavuta:
- Nthambi ya mthumba imadulidwa ndipo pakati pake pamadulidwa masentimita 4.
- Chowotchera chofufumitsa kapena mphete yokonzedweratu yopangidwa ndi mitengo yolimba imalowetsedwa kumalo osungunulira, kugawanika kupatula pang'ono kwa kutseka.
- Pa cuttings a Ankalumikiza, oblique mabala amapangidwa kuchokera mbali zonse kupanga mphete of ofanana mozama.
- Sitikulimbikitsidwa kuti mutsegulire dzanja lanu pamtunda.
- Privoj imayambitsidwa mu chingwe musanagwirizane ndi zigawo za cambial.
- Ngati chomera chimakhala chachikulu, ndi bwino kubzala zidutswa ziwiri kuchokera kumbali zosiyana za cleavage mwakamodzi.
- Malo ophatikizidwa amakoka pamodzi ndi tepi yothandizira, chingwe kapena zinthu zina, bala lotseguka pa nkhuni liri ndi var .