Pafupifupi m'munda uliwonse wa kutsogolo mungathe kukumana ndi mfumukazi ya maluwa - duwa. Koma kuti mukulitse maluwa okongolawa muyenera kudziwa kuti duwa ili ndi zofunika kwambiri kuti mupeze zakudya zowonjezera. Choncho, m'pofunika kuti muwabweretse pansi pa tchire la maluwa chaka chilichonse, ngakhalenso ngati feteleza yabwino mutabzala. Gwiritsani ntchito izi, kusinthana chaka, organic (manyowa kapena kompositi) ndi mineral feteleza. Kukongoletsa pamwamba kwa maluwa ndizu komanso foliar (kupopera masamba).
Musanayambe kuganizira mozama komanso nthawi yomwe mungadyetse maluwa, muyenera kudziŵa bwino malamulo okhudza feteleza.
Kodi mungadyetse bwanji maluwa?
Malamulo ochepa:
- zomera sizikusowa feteleza mu chaka choyamba cha moyo;
- Zisanayambe komanso zitatha pamwamba kuvala nthaka ayenera kuthirira bwino;
- Pa maluwa a maluwa palibe feteleza ayi;
- Zovala zapamwamba za maluwa a chilimwe ziyenera kuchitika madzulo kuti masamba asatenthedwe;
- foliar kuvala ikuchitika kokha ndi njira yatsopano yothetsera;
- Ndibwino kuti "mbeu" ikhale yoposera kusiyana ndi kudumpha nthaka, nthaka;
- musasinthe feteleza nthawi zambiri.
Nthawi zina funso limabuka: kodi n'zotheka kudyetsa maluwa ndi mullein? Inde, nkofunikiradi, popeza ndowe yamtundu wa ng'ombe imatengedwa kuti ndi yamtengo wapatali komanso yothandiza feteleza.
Mizu yophimba pamwamba pa maluwa:
Kuti mupange feteleza, mungagwiritse ntchito feteleza zamakono komanso maphikidwe otsika mtengo. Zonse pansipa zomwe mungachite kuti mudyetse maluwa zimamera mu malita 10 a madzi.
Choyamba chovala choyenera kumayenera kuchitika kumapeto kwa nyengo, pamene masamba akuphukira:
- urea (supuni 1) ndi Agricola Rose (supuni 1), kutsanulira malita atatu a zitsamba pagulu limodzi; ndipo patangopita nthawi pang'ono amapanga chisakanizo cha "Agricola Rosa", feteleza "Flower" ndi nitrofoski yomwe imatengedwa 1 tbsp. supuni ndi zomwezo pansi pa chitsamba;
- bowa mullein (1l) ndi urea (supuni 1), 4 - 5 malita a yankho pansi pa chitsamba.
Kuvala kwachiwiri pamwamba - ndi maonekedwe a maluwa (budding period):
- sulphate wa potaziyamu ndi feteleza "Agricola kwa maluwa" ndi "Ideal" atengedwa 1 tbsp. supuni, kugwiritsa ntchito yankho la 4-5 malita pansi pa chitsamba;
- superphosphate (supuni 1) ndi potassium sulphate (supuni 1), kutsanulira 3 malita a yankho pansi pa chitsamba chimodzi.
Chovala chachitatu chapamwamba chili mu July (kuyamba kwa maluwa):
- nitrophosphate (supuni 2), potaziyamu sulfate (supuni 1) ndi Agricola Rose (supuni 1), 3-4 malita a chitsamba chimodzi;
- nkhuku ya mbalame (0,5 malita) ndipo imatengedwa 1 tbsp. spoonful wa nitrophosphate ndi superphosphate, pansi pa chitsamba - 3 malita, ndiyeno pambuyo kuwaza ndi galasi nkhuni phulusa .
Chovala chachinai - pambuyo pa maluwa oyambirira kumapeto kwa August - kumayambiriro kwa September:
- phosphorous-potaziyamu (supuni 2) ndi "Agricola Rosa" (supuni 1), tsitsani madzi okwanira 4-5 l pansi pa chitsamba.
- 2 tbsp. spoons wa chilichonse chokwanira zovuta feteleza, pansi pa chitsamba - 5 malita a yankho.
Foliar pamwamba kuvala maluwa
Mavitamini oyenerera moyo wa maluwa, amatha kulandira ndi kupyolera masamba, chifukwa amagwiritsira ntchito kudyetsa foliar mwa kupopera masamba a tchire. Izi ndi zothandiza makamaka kwa zitsamba zomwe zili ndi masamba ang'onoang'ono ndi ofooka, chifukwa cha zomera zazing'ono kapena zazing'ono. Ndi bwino kugwiritsa ntchito zovala zolimbitsa thupi tsiku lililonse masiku 10, panthawi yopuma maluwa.
Pali maphikidwe angapo, kuposa momwe mungathe kudyetsera maluwa kumapeto kwa maluwa, musanayambe maluwa kapena chilimwe, mutatha maluwa:
- Tengani paketi imodzi ya "Bud" ndikupukuta m'madzi (malita 10). Kutayira kuyenera kukhala pa mlingo wa malita atatu pa 15 m2.
- Njira yothetsera (pakati pa zikuluzikulu zapamwamba): kutsanulira makapu awiri a phulusa ndi madzi otentha, wiritsani kwa mphindi 10-15, kuumirira ndi kupsyinjika. Chotsatiracho chimasinthidwa mu 10 malita a madzi ndipo akhoza kupopedwa.
- Njira yothetsera zinthu (boric acid, manganese sulfate, mkuwa kapena chitsulo sulfate) ndi feteleza wamchere kapena slurry kawiri konse pachaka.
Ngati simungapange feteleza panthawi, ndiye kuti maluwa sadzaleka kukula, kotero kuti kukula bwino ndi maluwa ambirimbiri maluwa akuluakulu ayenera kupereka duwa tchire ndi zakudya zonse zofunika.