Kodi umunthu ndi chiyani - psychology ya umunthu ndi zonse zokhudzana nazo

Kodi munthu ndi ndani - maganizo a akatswiri a filosofi ndi oganiza zakale anayesera kudziwa chomwe munthu ali nacho kotero kuti chikhoza kufotokozedwa monga chodabwitsa, monga adadziwika kale kuti munthu sanabadwe, koma amakhala. Wolemba ndakatulo wa ku Russia V. Bryusov analankhula za umunthu kukhala wapadera kwa munthu aliyense mofanana ndi ena.

Kodi umunthu wa munthu n'chiyani?

Kodi munthu ndi chiyani - tanthawuzo la lingaliroli ndi lothandizira motere: "umunthu" - wonyamulira pa mfundo yakeyi, kudziwulula pochita mgwirizano ndi anthu komanso kulumikizana ndi ena. Kodi umunthu wathunthu ndi chiyani? Kukhala munthu wotero - kumaphatikizapo kulowa mu chiyanjano ndi kukwaniritsa maudindo anu, kulemekeza anthu ndikuwona mwa munthu aliyense.

Lingaliro la umunthu mu psychology

Mawu akuti "umunthu" umunthu amachokera ku lat. persona - mask ovala ndi wojambula masewera achigiriki akale. Zikuwoneka kuti munthu ndi mtundu wa "mask" omwe munthu amavala akamapita kudziko. Tsatanetsataneyi inachititsa kuti zikhale zosiyana ndi zikhalidwe zotsatirazi:

Kodi umunthu muzinthu zamaganizo - njira zosiyana za psychology zimalongosola ndi kuwona "umunthu" zogwirizana ndi maziko a chiphunzitso chawo, koma ponseponse lingaliro ili likhoza kufotokozedwa motere:

Makhalidwe a umunthu mu maganizo

Makhalidwe aumulungu m'maganizo amakumana ndi mavuto a kukhazikitsidwa kwa umunthu komanso zikhalidwe zamaganizo, zomwe ziripo zambiri, zovuta ndi kutsutsana kwa akatswiri a maganizo a m'magulu osiyanasiyana pokhudzana ndi mgwirizano wa zikhalidwe ndi zachilengedwe m'thupi laumunthu, kotero zigawo za umunthu zimakhala zoonjezera ndikuwunikira kale zomwe zilipo kale .

Makhalidwe a K.K. Platonov ili ndi 4 zigawo:

  1. Biopsychic - zachibadwa, chikhalidwe, chikhalidwe ndi zaka.
  2. Psychological - payekha mbali za chidziwitso, mafotokozedwe a kumverera ndi kumverera.
  3. Umoyo - chidziwitso chowonjezeka cha kugwirizana ndi anthu, kupeza maluso ndi luso lapadera.
  4. Kulimbikitsana - kutsogoleredwa kwa munthu aliyense, komwe kumaphatikizapo dziko lonse lapansi ndi zowonetseratu, zikhulupiliro ndi mfundo, zofuna ndi kudziika yekha.

Makhalidwe a umunthu wa Freud:

  1. Id (Ono) - zachilengedwe, zachilengedwe zochitika zomwe zimagwira ntchito mosazindikira (kudya, kugona, kugonana). Id ndi mphamvu zopanda nzeru, zopanda nzeru.
  2. Ego (I) imakula kuchokera ku Eid ndikuyesa kuzindikira zikhumbo zomwe zimachokera. Ego ndiyo yopanga chisankho ndikukambirana pakati pa Id ndi anthu omwe malamulo amaletsa. Chidziwitso chimadalira mfundo zenizeni ndikufuna kukwaniritsa zilakolako.
  3. The Superego (Self self) imalimbikitsidwa muzochitika zamagulu - chikhalidwe ndi chikhalidwe cha umunthu chimaphatikizapo chikumbumtima ndi zenizeni. Chikumbumtima chimapangidwa motsogoleredwa ndi makolo, kulanga chifukwa cha kusamvera, ndipo kukula kwakukulu, mosiyana - kuchokera kuvomereza.

Mitundu ya umunthu mu kuwerenga maganizo

Chikhalidwe cha umunthu mu psychology chimapangidwa pa kugawidwa kwa zinthu zina zomwe zimadziwika ndi munthu. Kulemba ndi kugwirizanitsidwa mu mitundu ndizochuluka, ndikofunika kukumbukira kuti magawano onse ali ndi malingaliro ndipo amangoganizira mtengo wokhawokha, kotero palibe mitundu yoyera, munthu amadziwona yekha m'zinthu zofotokozedwa muzinthu zina zomwe zikugwirizana ndi khalidwe lake lomveka, mwa njira ina zochepa.

Mtundu wa umunthu mwa chikhalidwe (woyambitsa Hippocrates):

Mitundu ya umunthu Holland:

Makhalidwe a umunthu mu maganizo

Kodi ndizitani ngati ndikuzifotokoza? Zofunikira za umunthu wamaganizo zimalongosola katundu monga zowonjezereka za psyche, zomwe zimakhudza zochitika za anthu ndikuziwonetsera ku mbali ya chikhalidwe cha anthu. Zinthu za munthu ndi:

Njira zophunzirira umunthu mu kuwerenga maganizo

Vuto la umunthu mu kuwerenga maganizo linayamba chifukwa chakuti njira zonse zimasonyezera phindu lokha, ndipo phunziro lirilonse liri ndi ubwino wake. Umunthu wa munthu uli ndi maonekedwe ambiri ndipo sungathe kupangidwira muzokambirana, yomwe imayikidwa ndi njira zosiyanasiyana, mayesero ndi kufufuza, kotero ntchito yowadziwitsa ndizo zilakolako, luso, ndi zizindikiro.

Njira zofufuza za umunthu:

  1. Kusamala . Zachirengedwe zimachitika m'moyo weniweni. Munda - umagwiritsa ntchito ziyeso za ntchitoyi.
  2. Kufunsana (kuyankhulana) . Mafunso okonzedwa - osankhidwa, osakhazikika chifukwa cha mafunso otseguka, amalimbikitsa zambiri kuti akambirane za iwo eni .
  3. Mayesero olimbitsa . Kuphunzira makhalidwe kumachokera ku mayankho a mafunso okhudza mayeso ("inde", "ayi", "sindikudziwa").
  4. Yesani . Njirayo imagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri mu gulu ndipo nthawizonse imayesetsa ntchito yapadera, mwachitsanzo, kuphunzira za umunthu mukumenyana.
  5. Njira yolumikizira . Kukhazikitsa ubale pakati pa mitundu. Njirayi imathandizira kuzindikira maubwenzi ndikuyankha mafunso omwe akufunsayo.
  6. Njira zopangira . Nambala yawo yosiyana: kuyesera ndi kujambula, njira ya mawu osamalizika.

Kodi kukula kwa umunthu ndi chiyani?

Kodi umunthu wamphamvu ndi wotani - funsoli lakhazikitsidwa ndi anthu omwe adayamba njira yodzipangira yekha ndi kudziwa, omwe adafuna kukwaniritsa zolinga zawo. Kukula kwa umunthu kumayambira muubwana ndipo kumadalira kulima ndi kulimbikitsa makhalidwe ena mwa munthu, njirayi ikuchokera pa maphunziro ndi maphunziro. Makhalidwe abwino amakula bwino: mwakuthupi, m'maganizo, mwamakhalidwe ndi mwauzimu.

Kodi chikhalidwe cha munthu aliyense ndi chiyani?

Makhalidwe aumaganizo ndi osagwirizana kwambiri ndi chikhalidwe cha anthu, chomwe chimaimira njira yogwirizanitsa ndi munthu aliyense payekha, miyambo, malamulo ndi zikhalidwe za anthu komanso chikoka cha munthu payekha ngati mawonekedwe a kusintha kwakukulu ndi kukula kwayekha. Kodi chikhalidwe cha munthu ndi chikhalidwe chotani chomwe chimakhudza gawo lalikulu muzokhazikitsana pakati pa anthu, kutanthawuza kuti kulowetsedwa kwake mu gulu linalake, kapena chikhalidwe - zikhoza kukhala ndi malamulo ambiri.

Kodi vuto la umunthu n'chiyani?

Psychology ya umunthu wa munthu sizingakhale yangwiro ngati chitukuko chake chonse, chogwirizana chinkakhudzidwa. Kwa zifukwa zingapo, pali kupatuka ku chizoloŵezi, chomwe amalingaliridwa ndi achipatala ngati matenda kapena maganizo. Nthawi zina malingaliro a chizoloŵezi ndi matenda amatha. Kusokonezeka kwa umunthu kumayambitsa kusokonezeka kwa anthu komanso kuwonongedwa kwa umunthu.

Kodi umunthu wogawidwa ndi chiyani?

Matenda a dissociative kapena umunthu wambiri - psychopathology, momwe anthu angapo amakhala m'thupi la munthu kamodzi. Chitsanzo ndi Billy Milligan wodziwika bwino, yemwe "anali ndi" anthu 24, awiri mwa iwo omwe adatsutsa. Kodi umunthu wamagawani - zizindikiro:

Kodi kuwonongeka kwa umunthu ndi chiyani?

Maluso a umunthu m'maganizo amalingalira za kukula kwake, zofanana ndi zochitika zachibadwa ndi maluso. Makhalidwe athunthu amakhala nthawi zonse pa chitukuko. Kodi umunthu umakhala wotani pakusokonezeka? Kuonongeka ndi njira yakugonjetsa maluso, luso, ntchito, kusowa kwa maganizo ndi malingaliro. Kukula pang'onopang'ono, gawo lomaliza la kuwonongeka ndi marasmus . Zimayambitsa: