Fodya wobiriwira amakula pano monga chomera chaka chilichonse, ngakhale ku South America, m'dziko lachimwini la chomera, ndi zomera zosatha. Ndi chomera cham'mimba chokhala ndi masamba akuluakulu a mdima wobiriwira ndi maluwa okongola, ofanana ndi ma gramophones. Kawirikawiri amalima athu amalima mapiko a fodya, fodya Langsdorf, fodya Sander ndi nkhalango ya fodya. Maluwa a fodya onunkhira, malingana ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana, amajambulidwa mu zoyera, zofiira, carmine, pinki-pinki, mandimu-chikasu ndi mitundu ina. Iwo ali ndi fungo lamphamvu kwambiri (losangalatsa), lomwe limapitirira mpaka madzulo, chifukwa maluwa a mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya fodya imatsegulidwa madzulo, ndi m'mawa kwambiri. Izi sizikugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi fodya wamapiko, momwe maluwawo ali okongola komanso osati onunkhira. Alimi amabweretsa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya fodya onunkhira, yomwe imagawanika malinga ndi kutalika kwa mbeu pa:
- wamtali - mpaka mamita 1.5;
- kutalika kwake - 45-60 cm;
- amamera - masentimita 20-30 okha.
Kusuta fodya: kubzala ndi kusamalira
- Malo . Fodya wabwino imakonda kutentha ndi kuwala, choncho amalangizeni kuti muugwetse pamalo otentha.
- Nthaka . Fodya imabzalidwa mu loamy, mofanana ndi nthaka yozungulira, ngati dothi liri loyera kapena lopangidwa mwamphamvu, liyenera kupukutidwa ndi kumangiriridwa kapena kuthiridwa.
- Kuthirira . Madzi ayenera kukhala ochepa, kamodzi pa sabata, koma ngati kutentha, ndiye madzi nthawi zambiri.
- Kupaka pamwamba . Kudyetsa fodya n'kofunikira pa kukula kwa mbande, pamaso pa maonekedwe a masamba ndi nthawi ya maluwa, zovuta fetereza kwa maluwa chilimwe maluwa.
- Chisamaliro . Kuti fodya ikhale ndi nthawi yaitali, imayenera kuthirira bwino, namsongole achotsedwa, nthaka imasulidwa ndipo mavinyo wouma amauma nthawi zonse, izi zimalimbikitsa kupanga mapangidwe atsopano.
Fodya, zonunkhira - kukula kwa mbewu
Pambuyo pa fodya onunkhira maluwa, pamakhalabe zipatso ndi mbewu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kukula chaka chotsatira. Mbewu zafesedwa m'njira ziwiri:
- mabokosi;
- mwachindunji kumalo otseguka.
Kum'mwera, fodya wonunkhira amakula mwa kufesa pamwamba pamtunda, pomwe akugwedeza pang'ono (nthawi zina imakula ndi kubzala). M'madera, pang'ono kumpoto kwa kubzalidwa koyamba mabokosi, ndikubzala mbande m'munda wamaluwa. Zotsatira za magawo a ntchito:
- Kusunga mbewu za fodya kwa mbande kumatha kuyambira pakati pa mwezi wa March mpaka pakati pa mwezi wa April.
- Mbewu zazing'ono za fodya zimangowambaza pa nthaka yonyowa, kukanikiza pang'ono mkati.
- Phimbani mabokosi omwe ali ndi chivindikiro kapena filimu yowonekera, ikani malo otentha komanso otentha, ndi kutentha kwa 18 mpaka 20 ° C.
- Pakapita masiku 10-12 mbewu idzakwera ndipo mofulumira zidzakula, kutentha kumayenera kuchepetsedwa ndi madigiri angapo komanso moyenera madzi.
- Masiku 21 okha mutatha kufesa masamba enieni amawoneka pa fodya wonunkhira.
- Dyani mabala a fodya onunkhira angakhale pambuyo pa maonekedwe a masamba enieni.
- Patapita mwezi umodzi, mbeuyo ili ndi mizu yamphamvu komanso masamba akulu. Ikani madzi pamene mukuuma nthaka.
- Bzalani mbande za fodya onunkhira kunja kwa June, koma osati pafupi kuposa 20-50 cm wina ndi mzake.
Mbewu imapitirizabe kumera kwa nthawi yaitali, mpaka zaka 8.
Fluffy fodya: matenda ndi tizirombo
Fodya wofiira umatanthawuza zomera zotchedwa phytoncides, zomwe zimagonjetsedwa ndi matenda osiyanasiyana ndi kuwonongeka kwa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, komanso zimawaletsa iwo okha, komanso zomera zozungulira. Mbalame yake ya Colorado imawonongeka, ngati mbatata yayamba kale kukolola.
Fodya wokoma bwino uli ndi makhalidwe abwino, chifukwa amaluwa omwe amakonda kumera m'minda yawo ya maluwa. Koma mukadzafesa fodya wosakaniza pamodzi ndi zomera zina, muyenera kuganizira kuti zikukula kwambiri ndipo zidzatenga malo ambiri mtsogolo.
Pali funso limodzi lomwe nthawi zambiri anthu amafunsa za fodya lokoma: kodi mungasute fodya? Ngakhale kuti imatchedwa fodya, maluwa awa alibe makhalidwe osuta (palibe nicotine), koma amakhala maluwa omwe angatikondweretse ndi maluwa ake okongola komanso aatali.