Kumayiko ena, chidwi cha mapapala mumasewero athu amapezeka posachedwapa, koma molimba mtima amapeza chifundo, popeza ali ndi zizindikiro zambiri ndi mavitamini. Zopezeka mu papepala-kuwononga mankhwala akuwotcha mafuta, imathandizira kuwonongeka kwa mapuloteni ndi zakudya.
Papaya akufotokozera
Mtengo wa papaya umawoneka ngati mtengo wamtengo wa kokonati, umakafika mamita 6-8 pamtunda, chimatuluka kuchokera kumtunda kumapanga pamwamba, maluwa amawoneka mzere wawo, ndiye zipatso zimapangidwa kuchokera kwa iwo. Zopindulitsa za zipatso za papaya ndizochuluka, mapira a lalanje amayankhula zapamwamba kwambiri ya beta-carotene mmenemo. Pogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala, mapapa amaphatikizapo theka la tebulo la Mendeleyev, zipatso zimakhala ndi mavitamini ambiri, flavonoids, magnesium, potaziyamu, chitsulo, pantothenic acid, mapuloteni, fiber.
Chipatso cha papaya chimagwiritsidwa ntchito mu mankhwala ochiritsira kuti azidya bwino, kuti athetse ululu wopsereza ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Ndi bwino kugwiritsa ntchito chipatso chotenthachi kwa anthu omwe akudwala matenda a mphumu, chiwindi cham'mimba. Zopangidwe zopangidwa kuchokera ku mwanayo zimathandiza chiwindi kugwira ntchito bwino, kuimitsa shuga m'magazi. Pothandizidwa ndi thupi lolimba liyeretseni m'mimba, sungani mimba ya asidi, yomwe imathandiza kwambiri kwa gastritis, phokoso ndi kupweteketsa mtima. Chipatso ichi ndi gwero la mphamvu ndi mphamvu.
Kodi mungamange bwanji papaya kunyumba?
Okonda exotics amalima mapapala kunyumba, akugwiritsa ntchito monga chipinda, ndi khonde, wowonjezera kutentha, munda wachisanu. Pochita izi, tengani mafupawo kuchoka ku chipatso chokoma kapena kugula cuttings, ndipo ndi zina zotero za agrotechnical zingatheke kukula mtengo womwe waphuka, ukuphuka kwa chaka chachiwiri ndikupereka zokolola zoyamba, zipatso mu nyumba zitha kukhala ndi makilogalamu awiri. Zomwe zimapangidwira papaya ziyenera kukhala pafupi ndi zozizira.
Kuti muganizire momwe chipatso cha papaya chikuwonekera, kumbukirani vwende. Zipatso izi ndi zofanana, maonekedwe, mkati mwa lalanje-chikasu, madzi obiriwira ndi khungu lakuda, kuti dzina lachiwiri la papaya ndi "mtengo wa vwende". Zitsanzo za mtundu wa zipatso za papaya zimatha kufika makilogalamu 9, pamlingo iwo amalemera 7-8 makilogalamu, kutalika kwake amakula mpaka 30-45 masentimita, pakati pa chipatso pali mbewu za mtundu wakuda. Kuti mupeze mbewu, muyenera kukhala ndi zomera ziwiri - abambo ndi azimayi, akuwombera.
Kubzala mbewu za papaya
Pomwe mutha kuyamba kuyamba kukula papaya kunyumba kuchokera ku nyemba, tengani chipatso chamtundu, chomwe mungachotseko maenje aang'ono asanu mpaka mazana asanu ndi limodzi. Ali ndi nyemba, amafunika kutsukidwa pansi pamadzi otentha, opanda madzi. Kenako sankhani zidutswa za 8-10, malo amchenga wouma kapena moss, kuphimba ndi pulasitiki ndikukadutsa usiku, mungagwiritse ntchito kukula kwa biostimulators .
Mbewu ziyenera kuwonjezeka mu nthaka masentimita 2-3, zophimbidwa ndi filimu kapena galasi loonekera pamwamba, kupanga chowunikira chaching'ono ndi ofunda microclimate, yomwe imawonekera tsiku lililonse osachepera maola 1-1.5 masana. Zipatso za papaya zimakhala ndi 100% kumera kwa mbeu, patatha masiku 15-30, zimamera mbande imodzi ndi imodzi m'magawo osiyana, posankha mbande zamphamvu koposa izi.
Kukula papaya ku mafupa kunyumba - kubzala
Bzalani mbewu za papaya bwino kumayambiriro kwa mwezi wa March, panthawi ino kuwala kumakula, ndipo chomeracho chidzapatsidwa kuchuluka kwa masana. M'dzinja kapena m'nyengo yozizira, kuunikira kwina n'kofunika. Kudyetsa kumaphatikizapo musakaniza wokonzekera nokha kapena mu nthaka yapadera yokonzedwa bwino, tangi yoyenera iyenera kukhala osachepera 7-9 masentimita.
Ambiri omwe ali ndi chidwi pa nkhani yoyamba anthu okonda kumanga nyumba yosasangalatsa: ngati n'zotheka kukula mtengo wamapaya kunyumba, kuyankha moyenera, ayenera kupereka zokhazokha zokhazokha, ndizochita zokhazokha ndikupanga zovomerezeka za agrotechnical. Mbande za zipatso, pokhala nthumwi zazitentha, ndizofunda ndi zowonongeka, zimafuna chithandizo chamankhwala, nthawi zonse ndi chithandizo choyenera.
Papaya - kulima
Podziwa momwe mungamere papa pakhomo, sizili zovuta kumvetsa kuti njirayi si yovuta, ndikofunikira kuti muzitsatira ndondomeko zonse za kubzala ndi kuyamwitsa. Powapatsa mphamvu ya kutentha pamtunda wa 24-28 ° C m'nyengo ya chilimwe komanso osachepera 18-20 ° C m'nyengo yozizira, mpweya wamkuntho, wokhazikika, wothirira madzi okwanira komanso tsiku lowala kwambiri (kugwiritsa ntchito magetsi oyenera ngati kuli kofunikira), kupambana kungapezeke ndipo ngakhale kutenga zokolola.
Dothi la papaya
Pofuna kubzala zipatso za papaya pakhomo, m'pofunika kukonzekera gawo lopanda mphamvu, pH yomwe ili ndi mayunitsi 6-6.5. Kuti mutenge mawonekedwe omwe mukufuna, tengani gawo limodzi la nthaka, chonde, mchenga, zowonongeka ndi mowa wa humus, kapena mutenge kusakaniza kwa nthaka m'sitolo. Sankhani gawo lonse la pansi kapena ficus, liyikeni mu madzi osamba kuti muzisakaniza ndi kuwonjezera mchenga wa 30% kuchokera kuvotu yonse. Kuti muyambe kusamba kwaulere nthawi ya ulimi wothirira, perekani chomeracho ndi madzi abwino.
Poto la papaya
Mtengo wa papaya umakula mofulumira, umafuna kuika nthawi nthawi ndi miphika mu miphika, yomwe nthawi zonse imatengedwa mokwanira. Mitengo yosindikizira mosamala, ngati mwangozi yowononga mizu, ingasokoneze kukula kumeneku komanso ngakhale kutsogolera mtengo. Njira yothandiza ndi yabwino ndiyo kubzala mbewu mu miphika ya peat, pambuyo poti rootlets imadutsa pamakoma, mapapala akhoza kubzalidwa bwino mu chidebe chachikulu popanda kusokoneza mizu.
Pokula papaya kunyumba, ndi bwino kugwiritsa ntchito miphika ya zinthu zachilengedwe ndi mabowo. Miphika imasankha katundu wolemetsa, kotero kuti chomeracho sichigwedeza, chozama, koma osati chakuya, chifukwa papaya ili ndi mizu yokha. Chomera chachikulu cha mamita awiri kapena awiri chimafuna mphamvu ya malita 50 voliyumu.
Kodi mungasamalire bwanji papaya kunyumba?
Popeza mwaganiza kuyesa mwayi wanu ndikukula mapapala panyumba, perekani chisamaliro chofanana ndi chiyambi chake cha kutentha:
- kuziika. M'chaka choyamba cha moyo, chomeracho chiyenera kusintha miphika kawiri kapena katatu, ndiye kuikanso kungathe kuchitika kamodzi pachaka;
- kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza. Patatha milungu iwiri, mutangotsala pang'ono kubzala, gwiritsani ntchito feteleza yovuta, kamodzi pa mwezi;
- ulamuliro wa kutentha. Chitsamba chozizira ndi thermophilic, kutentha kotsika sikuvomerezeka;
- chinyezi. Mng'oma wa chinyezi ukhale wapamwamba, osakwaniritsa chikhalidwe ichi chidzapangitsa kuyanika kwa masamba ndi imfa ya mmera;
- kuunikira. Ndi bwino kuika papaya pawindo lomwe likuyang'ana kum'mwera kapena kum'mwera chakumadzulo, limafuna kuunikira;
- kuthirira. Musalole kuti dothi liume, koma chinyezi chimapwetekanso.
Zimakhala zovuta kubzala papayas kunyumba, chinthu chofunikira ndi kupereka nthawi yeniyeni komanso yoyenera. Kuwona zinthu zingapo zomwe tazitchula pamwambapa, mudzakula mtengo wabwino, wolimba komanso wathanzi. Zimayambira ndi masamba a zomera amafunika kupopera mankhwala nthawi ya chilimwe, komanso m'nyengo yozizira. Kuchuluka kwa kuwala, chinyezi, kutentha kwa microclimate, panthawi yake imayambitsa feteleza - ili ndi mndandanda wa zinthu zomwe zimapangitsa kuti malo okongolawa azikhala bwino.
Mmene mungakulire papaya - kuthirira
Mukasamalira papaya, samalirani kwambiri pa kuthirira chipatsocho, kupitirira mowonjezereka kudzabweretsa mavuto angapo omwe angapangitse kufa kwa mbewu. Mtengo wamtengo wapataliwu umapweteka kwambiri kuti uzule zowola, zomwe zimayambitsa chinyezi chokwanira komanso madzi osakanikirana, makamaka ngati akukula pa kutentha kwakukulu. Kuthirira chomera ndikofunika madzi ozizira a firiji, kutentha - kumatsitsa korona, kuthirira ndi kupopera mbewu pogwiritsa ntchito madzi osayima. Kuthirira kumayenera kuchitidwa nthawi zonse, masiku onse 3-4, pang'onozing'ono.
Zipatso zosangalatsa za papaya - kuvala pamwamba
Malamulo okula ndi kusamalira papaya samangotenga zokhazokha, koma nthawi zonse amadyetsa, chomerachi chikukula mofulumira, nthawizonse "njala". Pachifukwachi, amagwiritsiridwa ntchito moyenera, feteleza kapena feteleza, komanso phosphorous ndi potaziyamu zowonjezera. Kwa chaka, gwiritsani ntchito kawiri pa mwezi.
Mu kasupe, nyengo ya kukula ndi chitukuko cha mbeu imabwera, imayenera nayitrogeni, yomwe ili mu ammonium nitrate. M'chilimwe, zithandizani chipatso cha papaya mothandizidwa ndi superphosphate yowonjezera ndi nitroammophosco, gwiritsani ntchito kamodzi pa milungu iwiri iliyonse. Vermiculite ndi chovala chokwera chomwe chiyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito kusamalira chomera chachikulu. Mtengo wa papaya umazindikira bwino mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya feteleza ndi feteleza.
Zipatso zosaoneka za papaya - matenda ndi tizilombo toononga
Podziwa chomwe chipatso cha papaya chiri, ndi makhalidwe angati omwe ali nawo, okonda zachilendo amayamba kukula nawo kunyumba. Imodzi mwa tizirombo zoopsa za zipatso za papaya ndi nsabwe za m'masamba ndi akalulu. Chotsani izo zikhoza kukhala ndi chithandizo cha broths kuchokera anyezi, adyo, yarrow, zina zamatsamba zamatsamba kapena mankhwala aqueous a actophyte. Kuwoneka woyera powdery "powdery mildew", yomwe imachokera ku fungal, ingachotsedwe ndi mphamvu yofooka ya mkuwa wa sulphate kapena colloidal sulfure.