Mphesa ndi imodzi mwa zomera zakale zowalidwa. Kulima kwake kunayamba kuchitika ku Syria, Mesopotamia, Egypt m'zaka za m'ma 500 BC. Ndipo osati mwachabe, pali zipatso zina zochepa m'chilengedwe zomwe zingapikisane ndi mphesa kulawa ndi zakudya zakuthupi. Ndicho chitsimikizo cha amino acid ofunika kwambiri kwa anthu amene amagwira nawo ntchito yofunikira monga kusakaniza kwa mapuloteni a khungu, mahomoni ena, malamulo a mafuta a shuga, ndipo amapereka zipatso za mphesa zosangalatsa zokoma, zosangalatsa mu kutentha kwa chilimwe.
Komabe, chifukwa cha shuga wambiri, shuga ndi fructose, mphesa ili ndi mtengo wokwanira: kuchokera ku 40 mpaka 95 malori (zimadalira zosiyanasiyana).
Caloriki wokhutira mphesa zobiriwira
Pali lingaliro lomwe mphesa zobiriwira zimakhala zocheperapo kusiyana ndi zofiira. Tiyeni tione kuchuluka kwa makilogalamu a mphesa zobiriwira. Mphesa zobiriwira kapena zoyera zimagawidwa m'mitundu yosiyanasiyana. Zomalizirazo zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga vinyo, ndipo nthawi zambiri zimakhala zosangalatsa kwambiri, mofanana, zosawerengeka. Izi ndi mitundu ya mphesa monga:
- Aligote;
- Musand;
- Albarinje;
- Riesling.
Ma calorie awo amakhala pakati pa 43 mpaka 65 malori. Mphesa zamphesa ndizokoma kwambiri, ndipo zokhudzana ndi kalori zimachokera ku pafupifupi 60 ("chala cha dona") kufika ku makilogalamu 95 (kishmishi).
Caloriki wokhutira mphesa zofiira
Mpesa wofiira, uli ndi antioxidants wambiri, poyerekeza ndi "wokondedwa" wawo wobiriwira. Izi zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zofunikira kwambiri popewera matenda a mtima, kuchiza ndi kupewa matenda opuma, komanso kulimbitsa thupi. Pa nthawi yomweyi, kalori yokhutira mphesa yofiira imakhala mkati mwa 60-70 makilogalamu, omwe sali apamwamba kuposa mtengo wa caloric
Mphesa pa chakudya
Mphesa zili ndi zakudya zambiri - shuga ndi fructose, zomwe zimatengedwa mwamsanga ndi thupi. Choncho, mphesa nthawi ya zakudya zikhoza kukhala, koma ziyenera kuchepetsa ndalama zake. Ndipo ngati mwasankha kudzipangira nokha ndi mabulosiwa, ndiye kuti maswiti "othandiza" ena, monga marshmallows ndi marmalade, ndi bwino kuwachotsa ku menyu yanu lero. Komanso, kugwiritsira ntchito mphesa kuyenera kukhala kosachepera kapena osatayika kwambiri anthu omwe akudwala zilonda zam'mimba, shuga, mitundu yoopsa ya chifuwa chachikulu, ndi kutaya thupi kwambiri ndi kutsekula m'mimba.