Kugwiritsa ntchito mawuwa kwakhala posachedwapa, ndipo zozizwitsa zokha zakhala zikuwonetsedwa m'masiku onse akale. Ponena za iye analankhula Plato, Aristotle ndi Democritus, ndipo G. Hegel anafotokozera maganizo a anthu onse. M'zaka za zana la 20, lingaliro lake la chikhalidwe cha anthu linakhazikitsidwa, ndipo kufikira lero asayansi ochokera m'mayiko osiyanasiyana akufufuza momwe iye aliri, maudindo ndi ntchito.
Kodi maganizo a anthu ndi otani?
Palibe tanthauzo lenileni la lingaliro ili. Mwachidziwikire, iwo angatchedwe kuti ndi ndondomeko ya ziweruzo zomwe zapangidwa ndikugawidwa ndi anthu osiyanasiyana. Chodabwitsa cha malingaliro a anthu chinkawoneka ndi anthu achikunja ndipo anathandizira kulamulira moyo wa mafuko. Zokambirana za kutanthauzira kwa lingaliroli zikupitirira, koma chaka chilichonse zimakhala "demokarasi", ndikuwonetsa ndondomeko ikuchitika mdziko. Iyo inakhala kuwonetseredwa kwa khalidwe la ndale ndi njira yowonetsera ndale.
Maganizo a anthu m'magulu a anthu
Ili ndi funso la chidziwitso cha anthu, chomwe chimalongosola momveka bwino kapena momwe chimakhalira ndi zochitika, zochitika ndi zenizeni za moyo wa anthu, zikuwonetsera udindo wa gulu lonse pazofuna chidwi kwa onse. Maganizo a anthu monga chitukuko amakhala ndi ntchito zambiri:
- Kusamalira anthu . Maganizo a anthu angathe kuthandiza kapena kuchepetsa kukhazikitsidwa kwa zisankho za boma.
- Kulongosola . Pofotokoza malo ena, lingaliro la anthu likhoza kuyang'anira akuluakulu a boma ndikuyesa ntchito zawo.
- Malangizo . Chifukwa cha kufufuza kwa anthu, ndizotheka kuthana ndi vutoli, kapena kukakamiza oimira ndondomeko zandale kuti azisankha bwino.
- Malangizo . Kufotokozera chifuniro cha anthu mu khalidwe la referenda.
Maganizo a anthu m'maganizo
Lingaliro la anthu monga pepala la litmus limasonyeza chowonadi ndi kuliyesa ilo. Ichi ndi gawo lina la moyo wauzimu wa anthu, chifukwa pofotokozera malingaliro awo, amavomereza kapena kutsutsa chinachake kapena wina. Kupanga malingaliro a anthu kumapangitsa kuti pakhale chithunzi chimodzi chokha ndi khalidwe lofananamo mu izi. Gululi liri ndi magulu osiyanasiyana ndi zomangamanga. M'mabanja, kupanga mabungwe, masewera a masewera, maganizo amkati amakhazikitsidwa, omwe ali malingaliro a anthu onse.
Zimakhala zovuta kumudziwa, chifukwa munthu aliyense amakhala wopanda chitetezo, akuzunguliridwa ndi ziweruzo zankhanza. Monga momwe chiwonetsero chimasonyezera, 10% ya anthu ofanana ndi anthu okwanira ndi okwanira kuti anthu ena adziphatikize nawo. Malingaliro a anthu amathandiza kwambiri pa miyoyo ya anthu: imapereka chidziwitso cha dziko lozungulira, limathandiza kusintha zofanana ndi mtundu wina wa anthu ndipo zimakhudza zomwe zimachitika.
Maganizo a anthu ndi chidziwitso cha anthu ambiri
Bomali limakhazikitsa khalidwe labwino, kutsogolera zochita za anthu mwachizoloŵezi. Kawirikawiri, munthu yemwe ali ndi lingaliro lake, amapereka kwa iwo chifukwa cha lingaliro la ambiri. Kuphatikizana kwa malingaliro monga khalidwe lachidziwitso ndi lingaliro la anthu linafotokozedwa ndi E. Noel-Neumann, atazindikira chomwe chimatchedwa "kuwuka kwa chete". Malingana ndi lingaliro ili, anthu omwe ali ndi udindo omwe amatsutsana ndi maganizo a anthu amakhala "osokonezeka." Iwo samalongosola malingaliro awo, poopa kukhalabe ochepa.
Mtsogoleri wadziko lonse alipo mu magawo onse a moyo waumunthu - zachuma, zauzimu, zandale. Ndizosavomerezeka kwambiri kuposa bungwe la anthu, chifukwa limayendetsa khalidwe la anthu mdziko mwa njira zosayenera. Kuchulukitsa malingaliro a anthu, mitundu yonse ya mavoti, mafunso, etc. zimagwiritsidwa ntchito. Pakali pano ndi chizoloŵezi chotheka cha demokalase iliyonse.
Kodi maganizo a anthu apangidwa motani?
Maphunziro ake amapezeka chifukwa cha zinthu zosiyanasiyana - mphekesera ndi miseche, malingaliro, zikhulupiliro, ziweruzo, malingaliro olakwika. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, ndikofunika kuti nkhaniyi ikhale yofunikira kwa anthu ambiri ndikupereka kutanthauzira kwakukulu komanso kulingalira kwakukulu. Iwo akufuna kudziwa momwe lingaliro lalengedwe liyenera kukhalira ayenera kuyankha kuti nkofunikanso kukhala ndi luso loyenerera kuti akambirane vutoli. Ndikoyenera kuzindikira mphamvu ya intaneti pa malingaliro a anthu, boma, ma TV, ndi maonekedwe a anthu.
Njira zowonetsera maganizo a anthu
Njira zoterezi zimapangidwira kukana zofuna za nzika ndikuwongolera maganizo awo ndi zolinga zawo m'njira yoyenera. Kuthamangitsidwa kwa maganizo a anthu kumapereka izi:
- Malingaliro.
- Tumizani ku dongosolo lonse la vuto linalake.
- Kukamba, malingaliro, mfundo zosadziwika.
- Kugwiritsa ntchito njira yomwe imatchedwa "matupi akufa" akufunika. Izi ndi zombie zogwiritsa ntchito mutu wa kugonana, chiwawa, kuphana, ndi zina zotero.
- Kuwonongeka kwa maganizo a anthu kumapereka chisankho chochepa.
- Kukhala chete kwa chidziwitso chimodzi ndi kufalitsa kwa wina.
- Kusiyanitsa - kulekana kwa chidziwitso ku mbali zosiyana.
- Njira ya "Goebbels", mu bodza limene laperekedwa kwa choonadi, nthawi zonse kubwereza.
- Mystification.
- Astroturfing. Kukonza maonekedwe a maganizo a anthu mothandizidwa ndi anthu ogwidwa ntchito.
Udindo wonyenga pakuumba maganizo a anthu
Ndale sizingatheke popanda propaganda, chifukwa imapanga ndondomeko zandale ndikuwongolera zochita za anthu, ndikuwongolera malingaliro oyenera. Njira yopanga malingaliro a anthu ndi cholinga chophatikiza zidziwitso zapakati pa ndale ndi kuphatikizapo mfundo zofunikira zandale. Chifukwa chake, munthu amasankha yekha mwachibadwa, "pa makina." Zotsatira zake zimakhala zoyipa ngati zimasokoneza makhalidwe abwino ndi zikhalidwe, zimayambitsa maganizo, zimasokoneza magulu a anthu.
Chikoka cha atolankhani pamaganizo a anthu
Njira yayikulu yowonetsera makanema pa anthu ndi kuwongolera. Zimaphatikizapo kukhazikitsidwa kwa ziwonetsero zonyenga - malingaliro, nthano, miyezo ya khalidwe, zomwe zapangidwira kuti zikhale zoyenera kuchita monga mantha , chifundo, chikondi, chidani, ndi zina zotero. Zolankhulirana ndi maganizo a anthu zimagwirizanitsidwa kwambiri, chifukwa choyambirira chikhoza kupanga chithunzi chonyenga cha dziko lapansi pogwiritsa ntchito mwayi wogwiritsira ntchito ndi kuphunzitsa anthu mosavomerezeka kuti akhale ndi chikhulupiliro chirichonse chimene akukamba pa TV, radio, ndi zina zotero. Zikhulupiriro zabodza zimachokera kuzinthu zosiyana siyana , ndipo pazinthu zirizonse zimachokera.
Chikoka cha anthu pagulu pa anthu
Lingaliro la anthu limabweretsa "makhalidwe abwino" mamembala ake. Maganizo a anthu ndi zabodza komanso mawonekedwe ena. Munthu amaphunzira kukhala ndi udindo pa mawu ndi zochita zake pamaso pa anthu. Kufunsa momwe lingaliro la anthu likhudzira munthu komabe, tiyenera kuzindikira kuti limaphunzitsa ndikukhazikitsanso, kupanga miyambo ndi malingaliro, miyambo, zizoloŵezi. Koma panthawi imodzimodziyo zimakhudza anthu komanso zoipa, "kukanikiza" iwo, kuwakakamiza kukhala ndi diso pa zomwe anthu anganene.
Kuopa maganizo a anthu
Aliyense amawopa malingaliro a anthu, kuwopa kutsutsidwa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ayambe kutsutsidwa, zimachotsa chilakolako chofuna kupita patsogolo, kukula ndi kukula. Kuwopa maganizo a anthu ndi kovuta kwambiri kuthetsa, chifukwa munthu sangakhale kunja kwa anthu. Chifukwa cha kusowa kwa malingaliro, maloto ndi zolakalaka, moyo umakhala wofiira komanso wosasangalatsa, ndipo kwa anthu ena, zotsatira zake zingakhale zakupha, makamaka ngati makolo akusamalira maganizo a anthu ndipo amaukitsa mwanayo mofanana. Kuopa kutsutsa kumapangitsa munthu kukhala wosadziŵa, wofooka, wamanyazi komanso wosasamala.
Kudalira maganizo pa anthu onse
Anthu omasuka kwathunthu ndi maganizo a ena samatero. Anthu okhutira samakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi iye, koma anthu okhala ndi zovuta zambiri ndi kudzichepetsa amavuta kwambiri kuposa ena. Anthu omwe ali ndi chidwi ndi omwe amadalira kwambiri pa lingaliro la anthu akhoza kuyankha kuti ndi anthu odzichepetsa, ofooka, okonzedwa okha. Mwinamwake, ali mwana, makolo sanawatamande nkomwe, koma nthawi zonse amanyazitsidwa ndipo amanyoza ulemu wawo. Kuopa maganizo a anthu ndi okwera kuposa choonadi, zolinga, ntchito, chikondi.
Kodi mungayime bwanji malingana ndi maganizo a anthu?
Sizophweka, koma zonse ziri zenizeni pamene pali chikhumbo. Anthu omwe ali ndi chidwi chotha kuchotsa malingaliro a anthu, mumangomvetsa kuti munthu aliyense ndi wapadera ndipo sakuwoneka ngati wina aliyense. Ndipo anthu ambiri amaonetsetsa chidwi chawo. Ndipotu, nthawi zambiri anthu samawamvetsera. Palibe amene amafuna kuoneka ngati wonyenga, wankhanza, wopusa kapena wopanda pake pamaso pa ena, koma iye amene sachita kanthu samapanga zolakwitsa.
Anthu adzapeza, chifukwa chiyani chimatsutsa munthu wina aliyense, koma ngati mutembenuza kutsutsa, mungathe kukhala omasuka. Kudzudzula kumathandizira kukula kwanu , kumapereka mpata wokonzekera nokha. Zimaphunzitsa kumvetsera ndi kumvetsera, kukhululukira, kuchotsa zolakwika zolakwika. Munthu aliyense ndi wopanda ungwiro ndipo ali ndi ufulu wolakwitsa, amangoti adzipatse mpata wolakwitsa, koma osati kudziimba mlandu yekha, koma kugwiritsa ntchito zomwe adazipeza kuti apitirize cholinga chake.