Psychology of umunthu ndilo likulu la sayansi ya maganizo, pa nkhaniyi inalemba kuchuluka kwa kafukufuku. Makhalidwe a munthu, malingaliro ake ndi zikhumbo zimachokera kuzinthu zamaganizo zomwe ali nazo. Kuti momwe konkire imaonekera, osati tsogolo lake lokha limadalira, komanso momwe zimawonetseratu kagulu ka anthu onse.
Psychology ya umunthu wa munthuyo
Lingaliro la umunthu mu psychology ndi lochuluka ndi losiyana, lomwe likugwirizana ndi chodabwitsa cha umunthu. Akatswiri a zamaganizo a zosiyana siyana amapereka tanthauzo losiyana la lingaliro limeneli, koma aliyense wa iwo ali ndi chinthu chofunikira. Chodziwika kwambiri ndikutanthauzira umunthu, monga zovuta zoganizira za khalidwe la umunthu , luso, zikhumbo ndi zikhumbo zomwe zimapangitsa munthu kukhala wapadera.
Pa kubadwa, munthu aliyense ali ndi maluso enaake ndi machitidwe a mitsempha, chifukwa cha umunthuwo. Pankhaniyi, mwana wakhanda samatchedwa munthu, koma munthu. Izi zikutanthauza kuti mwanayo ndi wa banja la anthu. Chiyambi cha mapangidwe a umunthu chikugwirizana ndi chiyambi cha maonekedwe a mwanayo.
Makhalidwe a umunthu mu maganizo
Anthu amasiyana ndi momwe amathetsera mavuto a moyo, momwe amadziwonetsera okha m'ntchito zawo, ndi momwe amachitira zinthu pakati pa anthu. Kusiyana kumeneku kumagwirizana ndi makhalidwe ake. Akatswiri a zamaganizo amanena kuti zinthu zomwe zimakhazikitsidwa ndi umunthu ndizokhazikika m'maganizo zomwe zimakhudza khalidwe la anthu mmagulu ndi ntchito zake.
Makhalidwe a umunthu
Zinthu zamaganizo zimaphatikizapo njira zoterezi:
- Maluso . Mawuwa amatanthauza zinthu, makhalidwe ndi maluso omwe amakulolani kuphunzira momwe ntchitoyo ikugwiritsire ntchito komanso kuyigwira bwino. Ubwino wa moyo wa munthu umadalira momwe amadziwira zofuna zawo ndikuzigwiritsa ntchito pochita. Kusagwiritsira ntchito maluso kumapangitsa kuchepetsa ndi kuwonekera kwa kuvutika maganizo ndi kusakhutira.
- Malangizo . Gululi liri ndi zifukwa zoterezi: umunthu, zolinga, zosowa. Kumvetsetsa zolinga zanu ndi zikhumbo zanu zimakuthandizani kudziwa momwe mukuyendera.
- Maganizo . Mwakumverera ife timatanthawuza malingaliro a maganizo omwe amasonyeza maganizo a munthu ku zochitika kapena kwa anthu ena. Maganizo ambiri amasonyeza kukhutira - kusakhutira ndi zosowa ndi kupindula - kulephera kupeza zolinga. Gawo laling'ono lakumverera likugwirizana ndi kupeza nzeru (nzeru zamaganizo) ndi kukhudzana ndi zinthu zamakono (zokondweretsa maganizo).
Maganizo a umunthu
Kuwonjezera pa pamwambapa, umunthu waumwini wa umunthu umakhalanso ndi zigawo izi:
- Kodi . Kulimbika ndi luso lotha kuyang'anitsitsa zochita zawo, malingaliro awo, kuzinena ndikusamalira. Zosankha zowonjezera zimapangidwa pamaziko a kusanthula zosowa zosiyanasiyana, pambuyo pake zosowa zina zimaperekedwa pamwamba pa ena. Chotsatira cha chisankhochi ndicho kulekanitsa kapena kukana zikhumbo zina ndi kukwaniritsidwa kwa ena. Pogwira ntchito zowonjezera munthu sangathe kukondwera. Apa malo oyamba akukhala ndi kukhutira ndi ndondomeko ya makhalidwe abwino kuchokera poti zakhala zotheka kugonjetsa zilakolako za pansi ndi zosowa.
- Makhalidwe . Makhalidwewa ali ndi zikhalidwe za umunthu, makhalidwe a chiyanjano ndi anthu komanso zochita zawo kudziko lozungulira. Munthu wabwino amamvetsa makhalidwe oipa komanso abwino omwe amatha kuyanjana nawo. Makhalidwewa sakhala osasintha ndipo akhoza kusintha moyo wawo wonse. Kusintha kwa khalidweli kungatheke ponseponse poyendetsedwa ndi mphamvu zamphamvu, komanso pansi pa zovuta za kunja. Gwiritsani ntchito khalidwe lanu limatchedwa kudzikonzekera.
- Nyengo . Mwa chikhalidwe timatanthawuza kukhala osasintha makhalidwe chifukwa cha dongosolo la manjenje. Pali mitundu inayi ya chikhalidwe: cholera, sanguine, phlegmatic ndi melancholic . Mitundu iliyonse ili ndi makhalidwe abwino, omwe ayenera kuganiziridwa posankha ntchito.
Makhalidwe a umunthu
Kukhumudwa ndi umunthu wamaganizo kumagwirizana. Zochita zambiri zimadziwika mwachidziwitso kapena mosadziŵa mwachindunji pamaganizo ndi malingaliro. Maganizo amasiyana ndi makhalidwe awa:
- Mphamvu ya kukondweretsa maganizo - chizindikiro ichi chimakuuzani za mphamvu zomwe zimakhudza munthu kuti akhudzidwe.
- Kukhazikika . Chikhalidwe ichi chimasonyeza kuti zotsatira zake zimakhala zotalika bwanji.
- Mphamvu ya kudzimva yokha . Maganizo ndi maganizo omwe angakhalepo angakhale ofooka, koma amatha kugwira munthu onse, kulowerera muzochita zake zonse ndikulepheretsa kukhala ndi moyo wabwino. Pankhaniyi, lankhulani za maonekedwe a chilakolako kapena chikhalidwe chokhudzidwa.
- Kuzama . Chikhalidwe ichi chimasonyeza kufunika kwa umunthu pamalingaliro a munthu ndi momwe zingakhudzire zochita zake ndi zikhumbo zake.
Makhalidwe a umunthu
Makhalidwe onse omwe amamuthandiza kuti ayankhule ndi anthu ozungulirana ndi anthu. Pamene munthu ali ndi chidwi choyankhulana, zimakhala bwino kuti azitha kukhala ndi makhalidwe abwino komanso kuti azikonda kwambiri anthu. Anthu omwe ali ndi chizoloŵezi chokhala ndi chizoloŵezi chokhala ndi chizoloŵezi chokhala ndi chizoloŵezi chokhala ndi chitukuko, sakufuna kulankhulana, ndipo amatha kuchita zinthu mosagwirizana ndi anthu.
Makhalidwe abwino a munthu ndi awa:
- kusagwirizana;
- chifundo ndi chifundo;
- kutseguka kwa kuyankhulana;
- chochita, malonda;
- luso la utsogoleri;
- kusamala;
- kulekerera;
- chiphunzitso;
- udindo.
Kukula kwa umunthu - maganizo
Mwana aliyense amabadwa ndi machitidwe apadera ndi machitidwe a mitsempha, omwe ali maziko a kukula kwa umunthu. Poyamba, umunthu umapangidwa mothandizidwa ndi banja la kholo ndi kulera, chilengedwe ndi chikhalidwe. M'dziko lina lachikulire, kusintha ndiko chifukwa cha mphamvu ya anthu okhala mbali ndi chilengedwe. Kukula koteroko sikudzakudziwa. Kudzidzikuza kwodzikuza, komwe kusintha konse kumachitika mosamalitsa ndipo molingana ndi dongosolo linalake, ndi lothandiza kwambiri ndipo limatchedwa kudzikuza.
Psychological of personality development ikuyendetsa magalimoto oterewa kusintha kwa anthu:
- zachilengedwe (sukulu ya khalidwe);
- chidziwitso (sukulu ya psychoanalysis);
- zizoloŵezi zobadwa (maganizo aumunthu);
- ntchito (chidziwitso cha ntchito);
- zovuta zaumwini (lingaliro la E. Erickson).
Kudziwa kudziwika kwa umunthu m'maganizo
Chisamaliro ndi kudzidzidzimitsa kwa umunthu mu kuwerenga maganizo kunayamba kuwerengedwa osati kale litali, koma panali mfundo zambiri za sayansi pa mutu uwu. Vuto la kudzidzidzimutsa kwa munthu payekha ndi chimodzi mwazofunikira mu sayansi iyi. Popanda kudzidzimva, ndizosatheka kulingalira za mapangidwe ndi maganizo a munthu aliyense, komanso gulu lonse lathunthu. Kudzidzimva kumathandiza munthu kudzisiyanitsa ndi anthu komanso kumudziwa yemwe ali komanso njira yomwe ayenera kupitilira.
Podziwa kudzidzimutsa kwa akatswiri a maganizo, amamvetsa kuzindikira za zosowa za anthu, mwayi, maluso ndi malo ake padziko lapansi ndi anthu. Kupititsa patsogolo kudzidziwitsa kumachitika mu magawo atatu:
- State of health. Panthawi imeneyi, pali kuzindikira za thupi lanu ndi kulekanitsa maganizo ndi zinthu zakunja.
- Kudziwa nokha ngati gawo la gulu.
- Kudziwa umunthu wapaderadera wapadera.
Wokhumba umunthu makhalidwe - psychology
Makhalidwe apamwamba omwe ali ndi cholinga chofuna kukwaniritsa zilakolako ndikugonjetsa zopinga zomwe zimayendera njira iyi. Makhalidwe okhumba kwambiri akuphatikizapo: choyambirira, chipiriro, kudzipereka, chipiriro, chilango, cholinga, kudziletsa, mphamvu. Kulimbika sikuli kowonongeka ndipo kumapangidwa moyo wonse. Kuti muchite izi, zochita zosadziŵa ziyenera kukhala zoganizira, kuti athe kulamulidwa. Zidzathandiza munthu kumverera kuti ali payekha ndipo amamva mphamvu yakugonjetsa zovuta za moyo.
Kudzipenda kwa umunthu m'maganizo
Kudzidalira ndi msinkhu wazinthu za umunthu mu psychology mumalo amodzi mwa malo otsogolera. Kudzidalira kokwanira ndi zomwezo zothandizira munthu kumathandiza kuti athe kukhazikitsa mauthenga pakati pa anthu ndikupeza zotsatira zabwino pazochita zamalonda. Kudzidalira kumamvetsetsa momwe munthu amawonetsera maluso ake, luso lake, khalidwe lake ndi maonekedwe ake. Pansi pa ziganizo zimamvetsa mlingo umene munthu akufuna kuti akwaniritse muzosiyana zosiyanasiyana za moyo.
Psychology of self-development of personality
Kudzikuza kwa munthu kumamuthandiza kukhala ndi zolinga zogwira mtima, kuzizindikira ndi kuzikwaniritsa. Mmodzi aliyense wa gululi ali ndi kumvetsa kwake komwe munthu wabwino ayenera kukhala, kotero mapulogalamu a kudzikuza kwa anthu osiyanasiyana akhoza kusiyana kwambiri kuchokera kwa wina ndi mzake. Kudzikonda kungakhale ndi khalidwe labwino, pamene munthu amachita mogwirizana ndi chikhalidwe chake, ndi chisokonezo, pamene kudzikuza kumachitika panthawi ya mavuto. Kuonjezera apo, kupambana kwa chitukuko kumadalira makamaka pa kukula kwa chifuniro ndi mlingo wazinthu.
Psychology ya kudzizindikiritsa umunthu
Kudzidzimvera kumaphatikizapo kuyesa mphamvu, mphamvu, maluso omwe alipo padera payekha. Munthu amene sanathe kudzizindikira yekha, akhoza kumva kuti alibe nkhawa, amakwiya, amatha kutopa. Kudzizindikira kumaphatikizapo zigawo izi:
- kudzidzimva kwa munthu payekha;
- kudzidzimva mwachidziwitso kapena masewera;
- kudzidzimva nokha muzochita zamalonda.