Nthawi zina mphamvu za munthu kumvetsetsa anthu omwe amamuzungulira zimamuthandiza kwambiri m'moyo. Iye akhoza kulongosola khalidwe la ena ndi ake omwe muzosiyana siyana ndikuzindikiritsa maganizo ndi zolinga malinga ndi kulankhulana mawu ndi osalankhula. Mphatso zonsezi zimapanga chomwe chimatchedwa nzeru za anthu.
Kodi nzeru za anthu ndi chiyani?
Nzeru za anthu ndizo chidziwitso ndi luso lomwe limapangitsa kuti pakhale mgwirizano, mphatso yamtundu umene umathandiza anthu kuti azigwirizana mosavuta ndi anthu ndipo samalowa m'manyazi. Lingaliroli limatchulidwa kawirikawiri ndi malingaliro, koma nthawi zambiri ochita kafukufuku amawawona akuyenda mofanana. Mu lingaliro la nzeru zamagulu pali zigawo zitatu:
- Akatswiri ena a zaumulungu amasiyanitsa ndi mtundu wina wa malingaliro, nzeru zamaganizo, ndi kuikapo podziwa, mawu ovomerezeka ndi a masamu, ndi zina zotero.
- Mbali yina ya zochitikazo ndi nzeru zenizeni, maluso omwe amapeza popanga masewera ena.
- Tsatanetsatane wachitatu ndi khalidwe lapadera, lomwe limapangitsa kuti mutumikizane bwino komanso mutengere mbali.
Social Intelligence mu Psychology
Mu 1920, Edward Lee Thorndike adayambitsa maganizo a maganizo a anthu. Iye amamuona ngati nzeru mu maubwenzi ake, omwe amatchedwa "kuyang'ana patsogolo." M'zinthu zotsatirazi olemba monga G. Allport, F. Vernon, O. Comte, M. Bobneva ndi V. Kunitsyn, ndi ena adathandizira kutanthauzira mawu akuti SI. Anapeza makhalidwe monga:
- kuthekera kumagwirizana ndi anthu payekha komanso kumvetsetsa maganizo a gululo;
- kudziimira kwaumwini. chinthu;
- kupanga luso mu nthawi yolumikizana;
- mwayi wodziwona nokha kupyolera mwa ena;
- maluso apadziko lonse, opangidwa motsutsana ndi chiyambi cha zofotokozera.
Miyeso ya nzeru zamagulu
Atatsimikiza kuti udindo wa nzeru zapamwamba pa chitukuko cha akatswiri, asayansi anayamba kuganiza zomwe ziri zofunika kuti anthu azidziŵa bwino ndi zomwe anthu ali nazo. Pakati pa zaka za m'ma 2000, J. Guilford adayambitsa mayeso oyambirira, okhoza kuyesa SI. Poganizira magawo monga kusinthasintha kwa ntchitoyi, liwiro ndi kuyambira kwa yankho, munthu akhoza kunena ngati munthu ali ndi chikhalidwe cha anthu. Kukhalapo kwa ubwino wamagulu aumunthu kumatanthawuza kuti ntchitozi zikugwira bwino ntchito zosiyanasiyana. Kuchita bwino kumawunikira mayina angapo a SI:
- zochitika - zochitika, zochitika pamoyo wa tsiku ndi tsiku;
- khalidwe lowononga, lotha kuwononga ngakhale zochitika zabwino kwambiri pazochitika;
- mkulu - luso la kulankhulana, kutsogolera anthu, kuthetsa vuto lililonse.
Anzeru zamagulu
Masamu a moyo ndi ofunika kuti anthu azikumana ndi ntchito zovuta. Amene angathe kuwathetsa, atuluke. Nzeru zamaganizo ndi zamaganizo zimakhala zapamwamba ngati munthu ali ndi chikhumbo komanso kulingalira. Munthu wamtundu wa anthu amodzi nthawi zonse amakhala mtsogoleri. Amakakamiza otsutsa kusintha maganizo awo, zikhulupiliro, malingaliro; imakumba mwamsanga mfundo zomwe zimalandira komanso zimathetsa vutoli, kupeza njira zothetsera mavuto mu nthawi yochepa.
Nzeru zamtundu wa anthu
Ngati munthu ali ndi nzeru zochepa, kukhalapo kwake kuli ndi mavuto omwe amawonekera okha komanso makamaka chifukwa cha zolakwa zake. Anthu omwe sangathe kusankha khalidwe labwino, amachita zozizwitsa ndi zofuna zawo. Amagwirizana kwambiri ndi ena, chifukwa amatha kudodometsa mizu yachisoni komanso kuwononga maubwenzi ndi anthu ofunikira. Ndipo mavuto omwe amabwera poyankhulana, anthu osaphunzira angathe kuthana ndi kuthandizidwa ndi kuthandizidwa ndi wina.
Kodi mungatani kuti mukhale ndi nzeru zambiri?
Anthu ambiri amasamala za chitukuko cha nzeru zamagulu, monga mwayi wokweza udindo wawo mdziko. Kwa ichi m'pofunika kumvetsetsa zomwe chitsanzo cha zochitikazi zikuphatikizapo. Mapangidwe a nzeru zamagulu ndi amitundu ambiri ndipo ali ndi zigawo monga:
- kuthekera kwa wina aliyense - kukhudzana, kugwirizana ndi anthu ena;
- kudzidziŵa, kusakhala zolepheretsa ndi maofesi osayalidwa;
- chikhalidwe cha anthu. zochitika;
- kumvetsetsa zolinga za anthu ndi khalidwe lawo.
Pofuna kukonza zida zanzeru, nkofunika kukonzanso chidziwitso ndi kuchotsa zizoloŵezi zina zomwe zimasokoneza chiyanjano cha anthu. Chinthu choyambirira ndicho kupitiliza kuchita zinthu zowonjezereka ndikuyang'ana anthu ena, ndiko kuti, kukulitsa kulandira kwanu. Zingakhale zothandiza kuphunzira momwe mungachitire zinthu zotsatirazi:
- kumvetsetsa thupi;
- werengani maganizo;
- kuti agwire mtima wa interlocutor;
- mverani ndikumva;
- sungani maganizo anu;
- kuti azichita nawo pagulu popanda kukayikira.
Nzeru za anthu - mabuku
Kuti mumvetse bwino za nzeru za anthu, mukhoza kudziwa bwino mabuku omwe ali pamutuwu. Ntchito imeneyi pa psychology ndi chikhalidwe, ntchito, zomwe zimafotokoza za mavuto a munthu, komanso njira zothetsera iwo. Zingakuthandizeni kudziŵa bwino mabuku monga:
- Guilford J., "Mbali zitatu za nzeru," 1965.
- Kunitsyna VN, "Ufulu wamakhalidwe ndi umoyo wabwino: mawonekedwe, ntchito, maubwenzi", 1995.
- Albrecht K., "Social Intelligence. Sayansi ya luso la kugwirizana bwino ndi ena ", 2011.