Lingaliro lalingaliro la egoism silikugwirizana bwino ndi lingaliro la makhalidwe abwino. Kwa nthawi yaitali ankakhulupirira kuti munthu ayenera kuika zofuna za anthu pamwamba payekha. Anthu omwe sanagwirizane ndi zovutazi, adalengeza kuti adzikonda komanso adanyoza anthu onse. Psychology imanena kuti dera loyenera ladyera liyenera kukhalapo mwa aliyense.
Kodi ndi nzeru yodzikonda?
Lingaliro la kulingalira kodziŵika bwino lomwe linakhala lodziwikiratu silinaphunzitsidwe ndi akatswiri a maganizo okha, koma ambiri mwafilosofi, ndi m'zaka za zana la 17, mu M'badwo wa Chidziwitso, lingaliro la kulingalira kwa egoism potsiriza linatuluka ndi zaka za zana la 19. Mmenemo, kulingalira koyenera ndi khalidwe labwino komanso lafilosofi limene limangokhalira kukonda zofuna zaumwini kuposa wina aliyense, ndiko kuti, chomwe chaletsedwa kwa nthawi yayitali. Kodi chiphunzitso ichi chimakhala ndi zotsatira za moyo wa anthu, ndipo zimamveka.
Kodi lingaliro lalingaliro la egoism ndi liti?
Chiyambi cha chiphunzitsocho chimakhala pa nthawi ya kubadwa kwa mgwirizanowo ku Ulaya. Panthawiyi, lingaliro limapangidwa kuti aliyense ali ndi ufulu wa ufulu wopanda malire. M'magulu ogulitsa mafakitale, iye amakhala mwini wake wogwira ntchito ndikulumikizana ndi anthu omwe amatsogoleredwa ndi malingaliro ake ndi malingaliro ake, kuphatikizapo ndalama. Lingaliro la kulingalira kwa egoism, lopangidwa ndi ounikira, limatsimikizira kuti udindo wotero umagwirizana ndi chikhalidwe cha munthu yemwe chinthu chachikulu ndicho chikondi chake mwiniwake ndi chisamaliro cha kudzipulumutsa kwake.
Ethics of reasonable egoism
Poyambitsa chiphunzitsochi, olemba ake adasamalira kuti lingaliro lawo linagwirizana ndi malingaliro awo ndi mafilosofi pa vutoli. Ichi chinali chofunikira kwambiri chifukwa kuphatikiza kwa "kulingalira moyenera" sikunali koyenera ku gawo lachiwiri la kulongosoledwa, chifukwa kutanthauzira munthu wodzikuza kumatanthauza munthu amene amadziganizira yekha komanso amene sasamala za zofuna za chilengedwe ndi chikhalidwe.
Malingaliro a "abambo" a chiphunzitsocho, Kuwonjezera kwowonjezera kwa mawu, nthawizonse kuvala malingaliro olakwika, ayenera kugogomezera kufunika, ngati osati choyambirira pa zikhalidwe zaumwini, ndiye, mwachoncho, momwe iwo alili ofanana. Pambuyo pake chiganizo ichi, chosinthidwa kumvetsetsa "tsiku ndi tsiku", chinayamba kutchula munthu yemwe amatsatira zofuna zake kwa anthu, popanda kuloŵana nawo.
Mfundo yowonongeka yeniyeni mu kuyankhulana kwa bizinesi
Zimadziwika kuti kuyankhulana kwa bizinesi kumamangidwa paokha malamulo, operekedwa ndi zopindulitsa zaumwini kapena zamagulu. Zimapereka yankho lopindulitsa pazifukwa zomwe zimakulolani kuti mupindule kwambiri ndi kukhazikitsa ubale wa nthawi yayitali ndi mabungwe ogwira ntchito kwambiri. Kulankhulana koteroko kuli ndi miyambo ndi miyezo yake , yomwe mabungwe amalonda amapanga ndi kusankha zisanu zofunika kwambiri:
- positivity;
- chonchi;
- kusadalirika kwa zochitika;
- zosiyana;
- kufunika.
Malinga ndi funso lomwe likufunsidwa, mfundo yeniyeni yeniyeni imakopa chidwi. Kumatanthauza kukhala ndi ulemu kwa wokondedwayo ndi maganizo ake, pokonzekera momveka bwino ndi kuteteza zofuna zawo (kapena makampani). Mfundo yomweyi ingagwire ntchito kuntchito aliyense: chitani chinthu chanu popanda kusokoneza ena kuti muchite nokha.
Zitsanzo za kudzikonda
Mu moyo wa tsiku ndi tsiku, khalidwe la "lodziwika bwino" silivomerezedwa nthawi zonse, ndipo nthawi zambiri limangotchulidwa kuti ndi lokha. M'dziko lathu, kukana pempholi kumatengedwa kuti ndi losavomerezeka, ndipo kuyambira ali mwana, kulakwa kwa munthu yemwe walola "ufulu" woterewu ukupangidwa. Komabe, kukana mokwanira kungakhale chitsanzo chabwino cha khalidwe lolondola, zomwe sizingakhale zopanda phindu kuphunzira. Pano pali zitsanzo zina zokhazokha zokhudzana ndi moyo.
- Ndikofunika kugwira ntchito yowonjezereka . Mkuluyo akuumiriza kuti mukhalebe muutumiki lero kuti mutsirize ntchito yomwe simunayende nayo, ndipo palibe malipiro. Mungavomereze, kuthetsa machitidwe ndi kuwononga maubwenzi ndi achibale anu, koma ngati mutagwiritsa ntchito mfundo yeniyeni yeniyeni, ndikugonjetsa kumverera kwa mantha ndi kusagwedezeka, fotokozani momasuka kwa bwana kuti palibe njira yothetsera (kufotokoza) ndondomeko yanu. Nthawi zambiri, kufotokozera kwanu kumvetsedwe ndikuvomerezedwa.
- Mkazi akufuna ndalama kuti apange kavalidwe kena kena. M'mabanja ena, zakhala zizoloŵezi zomwe mwamuna kapena mkazi wake amafuna ndalama kuti agule kavalidwe katsopano, ngakhale kuti chipinda chimakhala chovala ndi zovala. Kutsutsa sikuli kulandiridwa mwachindunji. Amayamba kuimba mlandu mwamuna wake chifukwa cha manyazi, kusowa chikondi, akugwetsa misonzi, ndikumunyoza mwamuna wake. Mungathe kupereka, koma kodi chikondi ichi, chiyamiko pa gawo lake, chiwonjezeredwa?
- Mnzanu wakale akufunsanso ndalama . Amalonjeza kubwereranso sabata, ngakhale kuti amadziwika kuti sadzawapatsa miyezi isanu ndi umodzi. Kukaniza ndizosokoneza, koma mwanjira imeneyi mukhoza kumuchotsa mwana wanu paulendo wolonjezedwa kupita ku malo a ana. Chofunika kwambiri ndi chiyani? Musamachite manyazi kapena "kuphunzitsa" bwenzi - ndi zopanda ntchito, koma fotokozani kuti simungasiye mwanayo popanda kupumula, makamaka popeza akuyembekezera ulendowu kwa nthawi yaitali.
Ndi bwino kufotokozera kwa mkazi kuti ndalama zimayikidwa pambali pa kugula injini yatsopano ya galimoto imene mwamuna kapena mkazi wake amamutenga kukagwira ntchito tsiku ndi tsiku komanso kugula izi zimadalira osati ntchito yokha ya galimoto, komanso thanzi ndi moyo wa okwera. Pankhaniyi, misonzi, kulira ndi kuopseza kupita kwa amayi kuti amvetsere sikofunikira. Zolingalira zodzikonda ziyenera kuchitika mu izi.
Zitsanzo zapamwambazi zikusonyeza malo awiri okhudzana ndi maubwenzi omwe amafunika kuwongolera bwino. Ubale pakati pa anthu udakali wosiyana kwambiri ndi wopempha kapena wopempha komanso wosasangalatsa za yemwe akufunsidwa. Ngakhale kuti chiphunzitsochi chinakhalapo kwa zaka zopitirira mazana awiri, kulingalira mozama mtima kumakhalabe kovuta kukhazikika pakati pa anthu, chifukwa chake zinthu zomwe zikuchitika ndi izi:
- amene akusowa chinachake, amatsutsa, amafunsa, akuda, akulira, akutsutsa umbombo;
- yemwe akumukambirana, ndi wolondola, amafotokoza, amamva mawu osangalatsa mu adilesi yake, akukumana ndi zolakwa.
Wokonzeka komanso wodzikonda
Pambuyo pa lingaliro lalingaliro la egoism linafalitsidwa, lingaliro la "kudzikonda" linayamba kuganiziridwa m'mawu awiri: lolingalira ndi lopanda nzeru. Yoyamba inalingaliridwa mwatsatanetsatane mu chiphunzitso cha Chidziwitso, ndipo ichi chimadziwika bwino kuchokera ku zochitika pamoyo. Mmodzi mwa iwo amakhala pakati pa anthu, ngakhale kuti mapangidwe a egoism oyenera akhoza kuchita zabwino koposa kwa anthu onse, koma makamaka payekha payekhapayekha. Zosamveka zopanda nzeru ndi zomveka komanso zovomerezeka m'moyo wa tsiku ndi tsiku. Pankhaniyi, nthawi zambiri amalimidwa ndikukula bwino, makamaka ndi makolo achikondi, agogo ndi agogo ake.