Kodi nzeru ndi chiyani, komanso kupezeka kwake kumakhudza bwanji kuzindikira umunthu - phunziro lochititsa chidwi kwa akatswiri a maganizo ndi anthu ofuna kukhala ndi chidziwitso. Momwe mungakhalire anzeru komanso ngati ubongo waumunthu uli ndi chidziwitso chodziwikiratu cha chidziwitso chokwanira ndi chidziwitso, funso ndi lingaliro lafilosofi kapena logwirizana - aliyense amasankha yekha.
Kodi nzeru zaumunthu ndi chiyani?
Mawu omveka achokera ku liwu lachilatini la Intellectus, lomwe liri kumasulira kwawomveka - chidziwitso, kumvetsetsa. Nzeru imatanthawuza kuti munthu amatha kuzindikira mosavuta komanso kukumbukira zambiri m'mabuku akuluakulu, kuthetsa mavuto mwamsanga, zochitika pamoyo, kudzera mu ntchito za ubongo - mwachidziwitso, mfundo zomveka bwino. Kufufuza kwa msinkhu wa chidziwitso cha munthu kumatchedwa - coefficient of intelligence, imawerengedwa ndi njira yapadera ndi mayesero.
Coefficient ya m'maganizo ndipamwamba kwambiri kuposa zaka zenizeni za munthu, zizindikiro zambiri za chidziwitso cha anzako ndizo zifukwa zoganizira za msinkhu wa nzeru. Pafupifupi ma IQ ali ndi mfundo 100, zizindikiro zomwe zili ndi 90 kapena 110 ndizovomerezeka. Anthu omwe IQ ali pamwamba pa 110 ndi anthu anzeru kwambiri, ndipo ziwerengero za IQ pa msinkhu wa 70 ndi kuphwanya nzeru, mwachinyengo. Ali ndi zaka zoposa zisanu, msinkhu wochenjera suli wosiyana, amakhulupirira kuti chinthu chachikulu chomwe chimapanga nzeru zoyenera, zimafalitsidwa mwaufulu.
Nzeru mu Psychology
Mu psychology, kuganiza ndi kulingalira ndizofanana ndondomeko zamaganizo. Kuganiza ndi chizoloŵezi chofufuza, kumanga ziganizo zomveka pa chidziwitso chopezeka. Nzeru ndi luso lozindikira nzeru zomwe zapindula, zotsatira za kuganiza, zomwe zimatsogolera kumaganizo abwino. Munthu akhoza kuwerenga maumboni angapo, ndipo ali ndi zambirimbiri, koma osazigwiritsa ntchito, kukhalapo kwa nzeru kumaphatikizapo zomwe zimachitika za munthu, malinga ndi chidziwitso, kuwonetsera kupambana pakati pa anthu.
Kodi nzeru zakuthupi ndi ziti?
Ambiri ali ndi chidwi ndi funso lachinthu chodziwika bwino. Nzeru zamakono zimatanthawuza dongosolo lopangidwa ndi munthu lomwe limafufuza zomwe zimadziwika ndikupanga njira zomwe amaganiza zofanana ndi zomwe zimachitika mu ubongo waumunthu. Nthambi ya sayansi yolenga ndi kuphunzira nzeru ngati imeneyi ikutchedwa kompyuta sayansi. Njira zamakono zamakono zolamulira (makompyuta, robot, woyendetsa galimoto) amadziwika ndi munthu wamba monga lingaliro la nzeru ndi malingaliro opanga, pofuna kuti ntchito zina zichitike.
Kodi pali kusiyana kotani pakati pa anzeru ndi aluntha?
Kawirikawiri, mfundo za anzeru ndi aluntha zimasakanizidwa kukhala mtundu umodzi wa khalidwe la maganizo. Mbali ya umunthu wa munthu amene amasiyanitsa munthu wanzeru ndi momwe amaleredwera ndi khalidwe lachikhalidwe, osati kokha pakati pa anthu komanso pazochitika zilizonse zomwe sizikukopa chidwi. Amalingaliro ali ndi maphunziro apamwamba ndipo amapeza ndalama ndi maganizo, amachitira chifundo ena, anzeru - gawo la anthu omwe amachita nawo ntchito yophunzitsa ndi sayansi.
Amaganizo amadziwika bwino kwambiri pa chidziwitso cha encyclopaedic, m'madera osiyanasiyana. Makhalidwe a aluntha pakati pa anthu amatha kusintha mosiyana kwambiri ndi munthu wanzeru, ndipo amachititsa chidwi, koma zopindulitsa kwambiri pazitukuko za nthambi zosiyanasiyana za sayansi zimapangidwa ndi anthu okhala ndi IQ yapamwamba, zomwe zimawululidwa pagulu, komanso opangidwa ndi anzeru.
Kodi kuphwanya nzeru ndi chiyani?
Malingaliro aumunthu amatha kuchepa, mkhalidwe wake umadalira kubadwa kobadwa kapena kupindula mu ubongo wa ubongo. Kuwonongeka kwa maganizo kumatchedwa dementia, komwe kumatengedwa ndi matenda ovutika maganizo, oligophrenia. Kuchepetsa nzeru, kungatheke chifukwa cha kuvutika maganizo, kungathe kukhalapo pambuyo pa ziwalo zowonongeka bwino kwa thupi (kumva kutayika, masomphenya akutha) pamene munthu salandira chidziwitso kuchokera kuzinthu zakunja.
Mitundu ya nzeru
Maluso obadwa nawo a munthu payekha, akhoza kukhala maziko omwe munthu angathe kupambana kukhala ndi luso loti asankhe ntchito yomwe amamukonda, kuti azindikire bwino mu zolinga za moyo. Malingaliro otani - mwa munthu aliyense, matalente angapo akugwirizana bwino, koma kutsogolera ndi chimodzi, zochitika zachilengedwe za umunthu zimagawidwa kukhala mitundu yambiri ya nzeru:
- zachilengedwe;
- nyimbo;
- masamu;
- chilankhulo;
- malo;
- munthu;
- kukondana;
- chithunzi;
- zachinsinsi.
Zizindikiro za nzeru zakuya
Nzeru zambiri zimabisika chifukwa cha khalidwe lachidziwitso, zomwe zimatsimikiziridwa pazofufuza za sayansi. Njira yomwe imadziwika bwino kuti munthu waluntha sanayambe kupangidwa. Mndandanda wa maonekedwe omwe anthu omwe ma IQ awo ali apamwamba kuposa omwe amawunikira. Njira yosankhira anthu anzeru ndi zizindikiro izi ndizofunikira:
- kukhalapo kwa chiweto - kamba;
- chikondi cha chisokonezo;
- kusewera zida zoimbira;
- chilakolako chakuledzera;
- malingaliro a filosofi ndi mtima wodzipereka pa moyo;
- Mwana wamkulu wa banja, monga lamulo, ali ndi IQ yapamwamba kuposa ana aang'ono;
- kuyamwitsa kuyambira ali wakhanda;
- mkulu wa nkhawa;
- chotsalira;
- kukwera kwakukulu;
- kumanga kwakung'ono;
- luso lowerenga kuyambira ali mwana;
- kukhalapo kwa chisangalalo.
Kodi mungatani kuti muwonjezere nzeru?
Kukula kwa nzeru ndi chizoloŵezi chokhazikika, mungathe kunena kalembedwe ka moyo. Kuwonjezera nzeru, munthu amaphunzitsa kukumbukira tsiku ndi tsiku, amaphunzira chidziwitso chatsopano ndikuchigwiritsa ntchito pochita. Mmene mungakhalire nzeru - kusiya chizoloŵezi chowonera TV, chimaphatikizapo kukumbukira kosaoneka kosakumbukira ndi zomwe zilibe phindu. Kudya chakudya chochepa cha kalori - chakudya cholemetsa cha mmimba chimatenga mphamvu kuchokera mu ubongo, zomwe zimafuna ndalama m'magulu. Kuwonjezeka kwabwino kwa mlingo wa IQ:
- puzzles logical;
- masewera aubwino ndi masewera a mpikisano ndi wotsutsa wamphamvu - chess, poker, backgammon;
- masewera a pakompyuta omwe amafunikira chidwi;
- kugona maola 8;
- zochitika zochitika;
- ndikuphunzira zinenero zakunja;
- phunzirani zenizeni zenizeni.
Masewera omwe amapanga nzeru
Kuphunzira ubongo nthawi zonse ndi kupeza nzeru zatsopano kungadutse mwachangu - mabuku owerenga, kuphunzira zenizeni, njira yakukumbukira. Akatswiri m'munda wa maphunziro aluntha apanga masewera omwe amayamba kuganiza ndi kulingalira. Masiku ano, njira zambiri zoterezi zimabweretsedwanso m'maseŵera a pakompyuta, mikangano yokhudza ubwino kapena yopanda phindu ya maphunziro okumbukira kukumbukira akuchitika. Chowonadi chakuti kuwerengetsa mwatsatanetsatane ka mtengo wa ndalama mu malingaliro amatha kukumbukira ngakhale munthu wamkulu kumatsimikiziridwa. Ntchito zachizoloŵezi zomwe zimapangitsa nzeru kuwonjezera:
- kutulutsa puzzles;
- kumbukirani manambala a foni;
- kuti aphunzitse dzanja losazolowereka (kwa wolowa manja - kumanzere) kwa ntchito za tsiku ndi tsiku;
- werengani mabuku mozondoka;
- Lembani mwatsatanetsatane zinthu zomwezo, mawu amodzi okha.
Mabuku omwe amapanga nzeru
Kuwerenga zojambula kumabweretsa chidziwitso cha nzeru, ndipo kuphunzira za sayansi kumapangitsa kuti anthu azikhala ndi chidwi chochulukirapo - kumapangitsa kuti kuloweza ndi kusanthula mfundo zosadziwika. Mabuku amasiku ano okhudzidwa ndi luntha ali ndi maphunzilo komanso ma puzzles, omwe amakula kwambiri. Mabuku owonjezera nzeru:
Mafilimu omwe amapanga nzeru ndi kulingalira
Mafilimu, kuyang'ana komwe kumadzutsa chidwi ndi kulingalira kwanzeru kwa owona, akutumizidwa ku nkhani zowonongeka ndi zokondweretsa zochitika. Chokondweretsa kwambiri pakati pawo ndi mafilimu okhudza nzeru za anthu otchulidwa m'nkhaniyi, mothandizidwa ndi zomwe amapeza njira yochotsera zovuta zomwe sizili zovuta. Zojambula, pakuwona momwe lingaliro limakhudzidwira, ndipo chidziwitso chatsopano chimakula:
- Msungwana ndi chojambula cha dragon;
- Thawani njira
- Kukhala chete kwa ana a nkhosa;
- Zodiac;
- mafilimu okhudza Sherlock Holmes;
- Code Da Vinci;
- Alenje m'mbuyo mwa malingaliro;
- Msungwana ndi chojambula cha dragon;
- Masiku atatu kuti athawe.
Odziwika bwino
Munthu wochenjera kwambiri padziko lapansi, pakali pano, amadziwika ndi zotsatira za mayesero Terence Tao, wasayansi akuphunzira masamu, mlingo wake wa IQ-230. Mafilimu okondedwa, ochita masewera olimbitsa thupi, ali ndi maonekedwe okongola komanso a IQ apamwamba, omwe agwiritsidwa ntchito bwino kuti apambane, komanso kupeza ndalama zambiri. Anthu anzeru kwambiri padziko lapansi:
- Dolph Lungren - wojambula wa Swedish ndi wokongola maonekedwe ali ndi IQ ndi mphambu ya 160.
- Quentin Tarantino ndi munthu waluso yemwe anazindikira bwino nzeru zake m'makampani ambiri: wojambula, wojambula, wojambula zithunzi, wopanga mafilimu IQ-160.
- Asia Carrera ndi nyenyezi yolaula yomwe ili ndi IQ-156.
- Sharon Stone ndi wojambula wotchuka, wotengera komanso wobala, IQ-154.
- Nicole Kidman - wokongola ndi wanzeru, kotero iwe ukhoza kufotokoza wojambula, yemwe nzeru yake ili ndi chiwerengero cha 132 IQ.
Dolph Lungren
Quentin Tarantino
Asia Carrera
Sharon Stone
Nicole Kidman