Kudziwa za dziko - ntchito ndi njira

Mwamuna, polumikizana ndi dziko lozungulira iye, sangagwiritse ntchito zenizeni zenizeni ndi chiganizo chopanda nzeru. Kawirikawiri amafunikira chidziwitso chodziwikiratu kuti azikhala mwamalingaliro ndi ntchito za ziwalo zogonana - maso, kumva, kulawa, kununkhiza ndi kukhudza.

Kodi chidziwitso chodziwika chikutanthauzanji?

Njira yonse yodziwitsidwa yagawidwa m'magulu awiri: zolemba ndi zolemba. Choyamba chimaonedwa kuti ndi chapamwamba kwambiri, chimachitika chifukwa chakuti chimachokera pa mavuto ndi malamulo omwe ali njira yawo yothetsera. Kuwongolera kuti ndibwino ndizosasinthika: lingaliro ndilobwino kwa njira zomwe zawerengedwa kale, zizindikiro zomwe zakhala zikuganiziridwa kale ndi kufotokozedwa ndi wina. Kudziwa zamatsenga ndi njira yosiyana kwambiri. Ndizoyambirira, chifukwa chiphunzitsocho sichingakhoze kulengedwa popanda kusanthula malingaliro anu pa chinthu chofufuza. Amatchedwanso kulingalira mwachidziwitso, kutanthauza:

1. Kusintha kwakukulu kwa chidziwitso cha chinthucho. Chitsanzo ndi chopanda pake: anthu sangadziwe kuti moto ukuwotcha, ngati tsiku lina moto wake sunatenthedwe ndi wina.
2. Kuyamba kwa chidziwitso chonse. Pakati pake munthu amachititsa mphamvu zonse. Mwachitsanzo, pamene mitundu yatsopano ya zamoyo imapezeka, wasayansi amagwiritsa ntchito chidziwitso chodziwika bwino ndikukonzekera kuyang'ana kwake ndikukonzekera kusintha kwa khalidwe, kulemera, mtundu wa munthu.
3. Kuyanjana kwa munthuyo ndi dziko lakunja. Munthu ndiwe wodwala, ndipo motero pakuphunzira kuphunzira kumadalira nzeru zachilengedwe.

Kudziwa zamatsenga mufilosofi

Sayansi iliyonse ili ndi masomphenya apadera ofunikira kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu mkati mwa njira yophunzirira chilengedwe ndi chikhalidwe. Philosophy imakhulupirira kuti mphamvu yakuzindikiritsa ndi gulu lomwe limalimbikitsa kulimbikitsa anthu. Kukulitsa luso la kulingalira ndi malingaliro , munthu amagawana zochitika zake ndi ena ndikukulingalira kulingalira - malingaliro othandiza, omwe amachokera ku kugwirizana kwa malingaliro ndi maso a mkati.

Zizindikiro za chidziwitso chabwino

Makhalidwe omwe ali nawo panthawi iliyonse yophunziridwa amatchedwa mbali zake. Mufilosofi, iwo amagwiritsa ntchito lingaliro lomwelo - zizindikiro zomwe zimasonyeza makhalidwe a ndondomeko yomwe ikuchitika. Mbali za chidziwitso chodziwika bwino ndi monga:

• kusonkhanitsa mfundo;
• kuwunika kwawo kwakukulu;
• kufotokoza kwa deta yosadziwika;
• kufotokozedwa kwa chidziwitso chomwe chinaperekedwa pa kuyesedwa;
• kusinthasintha ndi magawo a chidziwitso.

Njira zodziwitsa

N'zosatheka kumvetsetsa momwe chikhalidwe chafilosofi kapena chikhalidwe cha anthu chimapangidwira popanda malamulo oyambirira a kufufuza. Njira yodziwa bwino imayenera njira monga:

1. Kuwunika ndi kufufuza kwakunja kwa chinthu chomwe chimadalira deta yolunjika.
2. Kuyesera - kutsogoleredwa kutsogoleredwa mu njira kapena kubereka kwake mu labotale.
3. Kuyeza - kupereka zotsatira za kuyesa mawonekedwe a ziwerengero.
4. Kufotokozera - kukonzekera kwa maulendo olandiridwa kuchokera ku mphamvu.
5. Kuyerekeza ndi kusanthula zinthu ziwiri zofananako kuti awulule kufanana kwawo kapena kusiyana kwake.

Ntchito za chidziwitso chodziwika bwino

Ntchito za filosofi iliyonse zimatanthauza zolinga zomwe zingatheke pogwiritsidwa ntchito. Iwo amasonyeza kufunika kokha kwa kukhalapo kwa lingaliro kapena zozizwitsa kuchokera kumalo owona momwe akugwirira ntchito. Njira yodziwika yodziwira ili ndi ntchito zotsatirazi:

1. Maphunziro - amapanga nzeru ndi luso lomwe likupezekapo.
2. Udindo - ungakhudze kasamalidwe ka anthu ndi khalidwe lawo.
3. Kulingalira - zozindikira za dziko lapansi zimapereka kuwonetsetsa kuti zenizeni ndi malo ake.
4. Cholinga ndicho kupeza zizindikiro zoyenera.

Kudziwa zamatsenga - mitundu

Njira yodalirika yolandira chidziwitso ikhoza kukhala imodzi mwa mitundu itatu. Zonsezi zimagwirizana ndi wina ndi mzake ndipo popanda mgwirizano uwu njira yodziwitsa za dziko sizingatheke. Izi zikuphatikizapo:

1. Kuzindikira ndi kulengedwa kwa chifaniziro chonse cha chinthu, kufotokozera zochitika kuchokera ku kulingalira kwa zonse zomwe zilipo. Mwachitsanzo, apulo amavomerezedwa ndi munthu osati wowawasa kapena wofiira, koma monga chinthu chofunikira.
2. Kulingalira ndi njira yovomerezeka yowunikira, kuganizira m'maganizo a munthu zomwe zimakhala ndi mbali ya chinthu ndi zotsatira zake pamaganizo. Chikhalidwe chilichonse chimamveka mosiyana ndi ena - kulawa, fungo, mtundu, kukula, mawonekedwe.
3. Kuwonetsera - chiwonetsero chachiwonetsero cha chinthucho, chomwe chidapangidwa kale. Kukumbukira ndi kulingalira kumathandiza kwambiri pazinthu izi: Akubwezeretsanso kukumbukira nkhaniyo popanda kukhalapo.