Amphetamine mankhwala monga zinthu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kupeza mankhwala osokoneza bongo, zinayamba kutchuka zaka zambiri zapitazo. Ndi ndalama zotsika mtengo komanso ndondomeko yapamwamba, mankhwala a "fen" adayambitsa mliri weniweni wa zoledzeretsa kwambiri kumapeto kwa zaka za zana la makumi awiri.
Kodi mankhwala "fen" ndi chiyani?
Amphetamine imatengedwa ngati mankhwala ochokera ku chinthu monga phenylethylamine - neuromodulator yamphamvu kwambiri yomwe imachititsa kuti munthu azidalira kwambiri. Mankhwalawa ndi ochepa m'mayiko ambiri padziko lapansi, koma m'mayiko omwe ali ndi mankhwala osamalidwa bwino nthawi zina amatchulidwa ngati mankhwala opweteka kapena anesthesia pa opaleshoni. Amphetamine ndi yolimbikitsa yomwe imafulumira kulankhulana pakati pa thupi ndi ubongo ndipo ili ndi zizindikiro zotsatirazi:
- chithunzi chofanana ndi adrenaline;
- njira yopangira;
- mphamvu ya mphezi pa dongosolo la zamanjenje.
Amphetamine - yopangidwa
Kwa nthawi yoyamba chinthu ichi chinapangidwira mu 1887, koma zotsatira zake pa psyche yaumunthu zinali zosagwirizana ndi zosagwirizana. Mu 1932, asayansi a ku Germany anaphunzira pulogalamuyi, kufotokozera zomwe amphetamine amapanga, ndipo anasintha izo kuti atulutse mphamvu zowonjezereka kwambiri m'magulu onsewa. Mankhwalawa anawonjezeredwa ku mabuku othandizira zamankhwala monga psychostimulant. Lero mankhwala osokoneza bongo amadziwa zomwe mankhwalawa amachokera, koma si onse omwe angapange okha. Kupanga kwake kumakhala kovuta kumagwirizanitsa zigawo zikuluzikulu zitatu:
- nitrogen;
- hydrogen;
- kaboni.
Kodi pali kusiyana kotani pakati pa amphetamine ndi methamphetamine?
Magulu awiriwa ali ndi njira yofananamo pa thupi laumunthu komanso njira yomweyi yopezera mankhwala osokoneza bongo. Amphetamine ndi methamphetamine amatha kusiyanitsa chinthu chimodzi chokha cha mankhwalawa. Mankhwala a methyl akuwonjezeredwa ku chinthu chachiwiri. Ngati amphetamine ndi yotchuka kwambiri m'mayiko a ku Ulaya, ngati idaletsedwa, ndiye kuti ku America methamphetamine imagulitsidwa pa mankhwala osokoneza bongo. Madokotala-akatswiri a maganizo amamupatsa iye maganizo otukwana ndi mazunzo.
Kodi mankhwala "fen" amawoneka bwanji?
Chidwi chachikulu cha ogulitsa mankhwala ndi mankhwala "akuda" ndiwo kupulumutsa pa zipangizo. Chifukwa cha izo iwo ali okonzeka kupita ku chinyengo: amachepetsanso mankhwala osakaniza kapena amagulitsa pansi pa mawonekedwe ake mankhwala ena mu chiyembekezero chomwe sikuti aliyense wodzitcha angathe kunena molimba mtima kuti amphetamine amawoneka bwanji. Zitha kusiyanitsa ndi mankhwala ena chifukwa cha makhalidwe monga:
- Kutulutsa mawonekedwe - mwa mapiritsi, capsules, makristasi kapena ufa wabwino.
- Njira yonyamulira - kukonzekera kumadzaza ndi zojambula, mapepala apulasitiki kapena mipira yaing'ono ya pepala.
- Mtundu wa mtundu - mankhwala "fen" angakhale ndi woyera, wofiira, wachikasu kapena wofiirira.
- Kununkhira - mwina kulibe konse, kapena kuli ndi zokometsera zosautsa.
Amagwiritsira ntchito bwanji "fen" mankhwala?
Fomu yamapiritsi, yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito pazifukwa zachipatala, imafuna kutenga mimba yopanda kanthu ndi kumwa ndi madzi ambiri. Kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo, mtundu uwu wa mautumiki ndi wosasangalatsa: amphetamine ndi mankhwala omwe amamwa pang'onopang'ono pamene amagwiritsidwa ntchito mosavuta ndi madzi. Choncho, anthu omwe amavutika ndi chizoloŵezi choledzera amasankha njira zina zowonjezeramo mankhwalawo m'magazi:
- maubwenzi osakwatiwa kapena awiri omwe amalowa;
- kupyolera mu mphuno;
- Kusuta mu chubu kapena ndudu.
Kodi mankhwala "fen" amagwira ntchito bwanji?
Amphetamine ndilo gulu la mankhwala, pa slang of addicts otchedwa "spids" kuti athe kuwalimbikitsa ndi kufulumizitsa zomwe zimachitika pozungulira. "Fen" amalepheretsa kugona ndipo amachititsa kuti agwire ntchito, kuchepetsa kupweteka kwa munthu. Zotsatira za amphetamine ndizinthu izi:
- chikhumbo chokwanira chogonana ;
- kuwongolera kwakukulu kwa ophunzira;
- coryza;
- maso owuma;
- chisangalalo;
- kusonkhana ndi kumasulidwa;
- malingaliro.
Kodi choopsa cha mankhwala a "fen" ndi chiyani?
Mu chilengedwe, palibe mankhwala omwe ali oopsa kwa thanzi. Ngakhale madokotala azachipatala a ku America omwe amapereka lamuloli pokhapokha ngati akuvutika maganizo nthawi zonse amauza wodwalayo za vuto linalake. Mavuto a amphetamine amatha kuonekera pambuyo pa theka la ora atagwiritsidwa ntchito. Zina mwa zotsatira zake:
- kupweteka kwa mutu;
- thukuta kwambiri;
- mtima;
- kupweteka;
- kuyabwa kwa khungu;
- kusamalidwa.
Kodi mungachoke bwanji ku amphetamine?
Ngakhalenso chizoloŵezi chokhala ndi chizoloŵezi chingathe kulakwitsa ndi mlingo kapena kugwiritsira ntchito mofulumira ndondomeko ya mankhwala, zomwe zingayambitse chiwonongeko. Amphetamine ("fen", monga imatchedwanso) ndi kutayika kwachidwidwe kumapangitsa kuti nthawi yayitali iwonongeke komanso kusamalidwa, kotero akulangizidwa kufunafuna chithandizo kuchokera kwa katswiri wa narcology kapena ambulansi yowopsa. Ngati palibe mwayi wogwiritsira ntchito ntchito za katswiri, mukhoza kuyesa kuchoka kwa amphetamine ndi njira zopangira:
- Kutenga mlingo waukulu wa vitamini C. Pa kamodzi kokha m'magazi a magawo 10 a tsiku ndi tsiku a mankhwala pambuyo pa mphindi 40-60, pakubwera mpumulo wa overdose zakumwa.
- Kusamalitsa ndi calcium . Mankhwala monga "fen" amasiya kugwira ntchito ndi mavitamini D3 omwe amadziwika ndi ma calcium.
- Mowa . Whiskey, vodka ndi mitundu ina ya zakumwa zoledzeretsa zingathe kuchotsa kuwonjezera, koma ali ndi poizoni pachiwindi.
Kodi kuchotsa amphetamine m'thupi?
Gawo lofunika la machiritso kuchokera ku kudalira kwakukulu ndiko kuyeretsa kofunikira kuti amphetamine m'magazi ayambe kuchepetsedwa kuti akhale ochepa, ndikuchotsedwa pamodzi ndi mkodzo. Choyamba ndi chovuta kwambiri cha detox ndi kukana kwathunthu kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa motsutsana ndi zotsatira zowonjezereka ndi chikhumbo chogwiritsa ntchito mlingo wina chifukwa cha chisangalalo cha nthawi yochepa. Pamene akuledzera omwe angathe kuthera masiku 4-5 opanda mankhwala, pitirizani njira iyi yochotsera mankhwala otsalawa:
- Kuyeretsa kapepala kakang'ono ka m'mimba. Kudziwa kuchuluka kwa amphetamine m'magazi (osachepera masiku asanu ndi awiri), madokotala amachititsa kuti ayambe kutsuka m'mimba ndi m'matumbo. Kulandizidwa kwa mpweya wotsekedwa ngati sorbent, kuika maema ndi kusamba ndi potassium permanganate m'nyumba kapena kuchipatala kumatithandiza kuchepetsa zizindikiro.
- Kuthamanga kwa dongosolo la excretory. Pokhulupirira kuti amphetamine amatha kuchuluka bwanji mu mkodzo, madokotala amati akhoza kutaya 2-3 nthawi mofulumira, kupatulapo kumwa mowa kwambiri komanso kutenga mankhwala odzola. Awa ndi ma diuretic omwe amachititsa ntchito ya impso ndi kuthetsa poizoni mwachibadwa.
Amphetamine - zotsatira zake
Zotsatira zomvetsa chisoni za kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo ndi mankhwala oponderezedwa opitiliza kusiya ntchito yake ndikuzichotsa ku malonda. Mwamwayi, sizinthu zonse zomwe zimayambitsa matendawa ndizowonongeka: kuti kuchepa kwa amphetamine, komwe kumagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zonse kumatulutsa dongosolo la mitsempha la munthu, ndipo kumangokhalira kulimbikitsa pafupifupi mbali zonse za ubongo. Ngakhale atasiya mankhwalawa, kutentha kwakukulu kwa zinthu zakuthupi zamkati, zonse zamaganizo ndi zakuthupi, zikupitirirabe. Zotsatira zina za ntchito ya amphetamine ndizo:
- Maganizo omveka a mphamvu yochuluka . Wopitirira muyeso ali ndi nkhawa, chifukwa cha zomwe sangathe kukhala pamalo amodzi kuposa masekondi 10-15.
- Kusokoneza kukula kwa zenizeni . Kumverera kopanda mantha ndi kudzidalira kwakukulu kumalepheretsa munthu kukhala ndi chidziwitso cha kudzipulumutsa yekha ndipo kungachititse ngozi.
- Imfa ya maselo a ubongo . Kuchitidwa nkhanza kwa nthawi yaitali kumavulaza maselo ofunika kwambiri: ndondomeko ya kukonzanso kwawo imachepetsanso, chifukwa chake madokotala ena a thupili angathe "kusiya". Pali kukhumudwa ndi kufooka, khungu ndi kusamva.
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