Pofuna kuphunzira mtundu wa umunthu, Leonhard Shmishek analemba buku losavuta lomwe lili ndi mafunso 88. Yankho la funso lirilonse limatanthauza "inde" kapena "ayi." Njira imeneyi imalola munthu kuzindikira chimodzi cha mitundu khumi ya umunthu waumwini.
Mndandanda wa mitundu iyi ndi yotsatira:
- mtundu wachiwonetsero. Umunthu umasiyana ndi chikhumbo chake cholamulira nthaŵi zonse ndi kulikonse;
- mtundu wamakono. Anthu amtundu uwu amadziwika ndi kutaya mtima kwa maganizo, ndi kovuta kuti athetse maganizo awo ndi "kusinthana" kuchoka ku umodzi kupita ku china;
- mtundu wopanikizana. Munthu nthawi zambiri amakhala mu dziko lochepa kapena boma lokhazikika;
- Mtundu wosasangalatsa. Anthu awa amadziwika ndi kukhudzidwa kwambiri, kufooka kovuta pa zoyendetsa;
- mtundu wochuluka. Mbali yamakhalidwe ndi chiyembekezo ndi ntchito zabwino;
- mtundu wa dysthymic. Zimasiyanitsa maganizo oipa, kukhumudwa, kuganiza mofulumira ndi luntha;
- oda nkhawa-amantha. Anthu amtundu umenewu nthawi zambiri amamangidwa ku phobias osiyanasiyana. Amasiyana ndi mantha ndi mantha;
- cyclotimic. Kusintha kwa mikhalidwe nthawi zonse kumakhala ndi hyperthymic mtundu wa khalidwe la dysthymic;
- adakwezedwa. Munthu ali m'maganizo awiri - chisangalalo kapena chisoni. Kusintha kwa wina ndi mnzake kumachitika mosavuta ndi mofulumira;
- zolimbikitsa. Anthu a mtundu umenewu ndi ovuta komanso omveka bwino. Zimakuvutani kukhala ndi maganizo awo, amakhala nawo.
Kuyezetsa kwa funso la Shmishek likuwonetsa kuwonjezeka kwa khalidwe la munthuyo. Kuwongolera khalidwe - ili ndi malire a chizoloŵezi, momwe zikhalidwe zina zimatchulidwira makamaka. Uwu ndi mtundu wa thanzi labwino, lomwe limadziwika ndi kusagwirizana kwa makhalidwe ena a khalidwe, zomwe zimayambitsa kusokonezeka kwa munthu aliyense. Zonsezi zimagawidwa m'magulu awiri: zofunikira ndi zina. Ngati gulu loyambirira la makhalidwe likupezeka, ndiye kuti amadziwa umunthu wonse.
Yankhani mafunso mwamsanga, osagwiritsa ntchito nthawi kuganiza. Pambuyo pokonza zotsatira, mukhoza kuona mbali "zolimba" ndi "zofooka" za khalidwe lanu. Izi zimakupatsani mwayi wokhala ndi malonjezano anu opambana, ndikugwira ntchito zomwe zimalepheretsa.
Mafunso anu
- Kodi maganizo anu, monga lamulo, ndi omveka, osaphimbidwa?
- Kodi mumakonda kunyozedwa, kunyozedwa?
- Kodi mumalira mofuula?
- Kodi muli ndi kukaikira kulikonse za momwe ntchitoyi ikuyendera mapeto a ntchito iliyonse ndikuyendera kansalu - zonsezi zinali zabwino?
- Kodi inu munali olimba mu ubwana monga anzanu?
- Kodi nthawi zambiri mumakhala ndi maganizo ozama (kumangokhala mumtambo ndi chimwemwe, ndipo mwadzidzidzi kumakhala kowawa kwambiri)?
- Kodi mumakonda nthawi yosangalatsa?
- Kodi muli ndi masiku omwe mulibe zifukwa zapadera zokhumudwa ndi zokhumudwitsa ndipo aliyense akuganiza kuti bwino musakhudzidwe?
- Kodi mumayankha maimelo nthawi zonse mutangowawerenga?
- Kodi ndinu munthu wozama?
- Kodi mumatha nthawi yochuluka kwambiri kuti mutengedwe ndi chinachake chomwe china chilichonse chimasiya kukhala chofunikira kwa inu?
- Kodi mukuchita zosangalatsa?
- Kodi mwamsanga mukuiwala kunyozedwa ndi kunyozedwa?
- Kodi muli ndi mtima wofewa?
- Mukaponya kalata mu bokosi la makalata, kodi mumayang'ana ngati zatsikira kumeneko kapena ayi?
- Kodi chikhumbo chanu chimafuna kuti mu ntchito yanu (mukuphunzira) inu mukhale woyamba wa oyamba?
- Kodi munkawopa mabingu ndi agalu mudakali ana?
- Kodi nthawi zina mumaseka nthabwala zosayenera?
- Kodi pali anthu pakati pa anzanu amene amakuonani kuti ndinu woperewera?
- Kodi maganizo anu amadalira zochitika ndi zochitika zakunja?
- Kodi anzanu amakukondani?
- Kodi nthawi zambiri mumawakomera mtima mumtima mwathu?
- Kodi maganizo anu nthawi zina amavutika maganizo?
- Kodi munayamba mwamvapo, mukuda nkhawa kwambiri?
- Kodi zimakuvuta kuti ukhale pamalo amodzi kwa nthawi yaitali?
- Kodi mumateteza zofuna zanu pamene mukuloledwa molakwika?
- Kodi mumadzitama nthawi zina?
- Kodi mungathe kupha nyama kapena mbalame ngati kuli kofunikira?
- Kodi zimakukhumudwitsani ngati chotchinga kapena nsalu ya tebulo ikupachikidwa mofanana, kodi mumayesetsa kukonza?
- Kodi munkawopa kukhala pakhomo nokha mudakali ana?
- Kodi nthawi zambiri mumamva bwanji chifukwa cha maganizo anu?
- Kodi munayamba mwakhalapo bwino kwambiri muntchito yanu kapena pa maphunziro?
- Kodi ndi zophweka kuti mukwiyire?
- Kodi mumatha kusewera ndi kusewera?
- Kodi muli ndi zovuta pamene mukuvutika ndi chimwemwe?
- Kodi mutha kuchita nawo zokondweretsa masewera achiwerewere?
- Kodi munayamba mwabodza mu moyo wanu?
- Kodi mungauze anthu anu maganizo anu pa maso anu?
- Kodi mungayang'ane magazi mwakachetechete?
- Kodi mumakonda ntchitoyi pokhapokha muli ndi udindo?
- Kodi mumayimira anthu omwe akuchitiridwa zinthu zopanda chilungamo?
- Kodi mukuda nkhaŵa kuti mupite m'chipinda chamdima chakuda, kulowa m'chipinda chopanda kanthu, chakuda?
- Kodi mumakonda ntchito zomwe ziyenera kuchitidwa nthawi yaitali komanso molondola, zomwe sizifuna khama komanso mwamsanga?
- Kodi ndinu munthu wathanzi?
- Mwadala munalembedwa ndakatulo kusukulu?
- Kodi mwathawa kwanu muli mwana?
- Kawirikawiri simungachedwe kusiya basi kwa anthu okalamba?
- Kodi nthawi zambiri mumavutika kwambiri?
- Kodi munayamba mwakhumudwa kwambiri ndi mkangano wina umene pambuyo pake munamva kuti simungathe kupita kuntchito?
- Kodi munganene kuti ngati mutalephera, mumasangalala?
- Kodi mumayesetsa kupanga mtendere ngati winawake akukhumudwa?
- Kodi mumatenga njira zoyamba kuyanjanitsa?
- Kodi mumakonda kwambiri nyama?
- Kodi mwasiya nyumba yanu kuti mubwerere kukawona ngati chinachitika?
- Kodi munayamba mwavutikapo ndi lingaliro lakuti chinachake chiyenera kuchitika kwa inu kapena kwa achibale anu?
- Kodi maganizo anu amadalira kwambiri nyengo?
- Kodi n'zovuta kuti muyankhule ndi omvera ambiri?
- Kodi mungathe, ngati muli wokwiya ndi munthu wina, gwiritsani ntchito manja anu?
- Kodi mumakonda kusangalala?
- Kodi mumanena nthawi zonse zomwe mukuganiza?
- Kodi mungathe kukhumudwa?
- Kodi amakopeka iwe ngati wokonzekera mu bizinesi iliyonse?
- Kodi mumapitirizabe kukwaniritsa zolinga zanu ngati pali chopinga?
- Kodi munayamba mwakhutitsidwa ndi zoperewera za anthu ndipo simukukondweretsani?
- Kodi filimu yowopsya ikhoza kukukondetsani kuti mukhale misozi m'maso mwanu?
- Kodi nthawi zambiri mumakhala mukuganiza za mavuto akale kapena za tsiku la mtsogolo?
- Kodi zinali zachilengedwe kuti muthamangitse kapena kuwaperekeza kwa anzanu pamsukulu?
- Kodi mungayende mumdima nokha kumanda?
- Inu, popanda kukayikira, mungabwererenso ndalama zowonjezera kwa wothandizira ndalama ngati apeza kuti alandira zochuluka?
- Kodi mumagwirizanitsa kwambiri kuti chinthu chilichonse m'nyumba mwanu chiyenera kukhazikika?
- Kodi zimakuchitikirani kuti mukamagona mokondwa, m'mawa mwake mukudzuka mukumva chisoni, zomwe zimatenga maola angapo?
- Kodi mumasintha mosavuta pa zinthu zatsopano?
- Kodi nthawi zambiri mumakhala ndi chizungulire?
- Kodi nthawi zambiri mumaseka?
- Kodi mungamvetsere za munthu yemwe muli ndi maganizo oipa, kotero kuti ndinu wokondana kuti palibe amene amadziwa maganizo anu enieni?
- Kodi ndinu munthu wamoyo ndi wosuntha?
- Kodi mukuvutika kwambiri pamene chilungamo chikuchitika?
- Kodi ndinu wokonda kwambiri chikhalidwe?
- Pogwiritsa ntchito nyumba kapena kugona, kodi mumayang'ana ngati mapepala akutsekedwa, ngati magetsi atsekedwa paliponse, zitseko zatsekedwa?
- Kodi mukuwopa?
- Kodi kumwa mowa kungasinthe maganizo anu?
- Kodi ndinu wokonzeka kutenga nawo mbali magulu ojambula amateur?
- Kodi nthawi zina mumapita kutali ndi kwanu?
- Kodi mumawoneka kuti mulibe chiyembekezo cham'tsogolo?
- Kodi muli ndi kusintha kuchokera ku chisangalalo kupita ku dreary?
- Kodi mungasangalatse anthu, mukhale moyo wa kampani?
- Kodi mumakhala ndi nthawi yaitali bwanji kuti mukhale ndi mkwiyo, nkhawa?
- Kodi mumapulumuka kwa nthawi yaitali masautso a anthu ena?
- Kodi nthawi zonse mumavomereza ndi ndemanga mu adiresi yanu, zolondola zomwe mukuzidziwa?
- Kodi mu sukulu zaka zingathe kulembetsanso tsambalo mu bukhuli chifukwa cha zidutswazo?
- Kodi ndinu osamala komanso osakhulupirika kwa anthu kuposa kudalira?
- Kodi mumakonda maloto odetsa nkhaŵa?
- Kodi nthawi zina mumakhala ndi maganizo osokoneza bongo ngati mutayima papulatifomu, mungathe kuthamangira kukana zofuna zanu kuti muyandikire sitima yoyandikira kapena mungathe kuthamanga kuchokera pawindo lapamwamba la nyumba yaikulu?
- Kodi mumakondwera kwambiri mukakhala ndi anthu achiwerewere?
- Ndiwe munthu amene saganizira za mavuto ovuta, ndipo ngati atero, sizitali.
- Kodi mumamwa mowa mwauchidakwa?
- Mukamakambirana, kodi mumakhala chete kuposa kulankhula?
- Kodi inu mutha kusewera wina, mutengedwera kuti muiwale kanthawi zomwe muli?
Kuphatikizidwa
Zomwe zingapangidwe sizingapitilire 24. Ngati kuchuluka kwa mfundo zikusiyana kuchokera pa 15 mpaka 19, izi zikutanthauza chizoloŵezi chokhala ndi mtundu wina waumwini. Ndili ndi zaka, chizindikirocho chimasintha, chikhoza kufika pamlingo waukulu wa mawonetseredwe. Pankhani ya mfundo zopitirira 19, khalidwe lachikhalidwe lingaganizidwe kukhala lopambanitsidwa (makamaka).
Kutanthauzira zotsatira za Shmishek questionnaire test (mtundu wamkulu) imasonyeza mtundu wa khalidwe. Pali zinayi mu zonse, zina zisanu ndi chimodzi zimasonyeza chikhalidwe cha munthu.
Kutsindika kwa makhalidwe kumatsimikiziridwa: zowonetseratu, zowonongeka, zogwiritsidwa ntchito, zosangalatsa. Kwa ambiri, tanthauzo la khalidwe la munthu ndilo chidwi. Mafungulo a zolemba zawo ndi awa:
chiwonetsero:
"+": 7, 19, 22, 29, 41, 44, 63, 66, 73, 85, 88.
"-": 51. Chiwerengero cha mayankho chiyenera kuchulukitsidwa ndi 2.
kupanikizana:
"+": 2, 15, 24, 34, 37, 56, 68, 78, 81.
«-»: 12, 46, 59. Chiwerengerocho chikuchulukitsidwa ndi 2.
pedantry:
"+": 4, 14, 17, 26, 39, 48, 58, 61, 70, 80, 83.
«-»: 36. Chiwerengero cha mayankho chiyenera kuchulukitsidwa ndi 2.
Zosangalatsa:
«+»: 8, 20, 30, 42, 52, 64, 74, 86. Pitirizani ndi 3.
Kutsindika kwa chikhalidwe kumadziwika ndi mitundu: hypertensive, dysthymic, nkhaŵa-mantha, cyclothymic, emotional, emotional.