Zikuwonekera kwa alimi aliyense kuti mankhwala a currant mu masika kuchokera ku matenda ndi tizilombo toononga ndizoyeso kwa munda. Ndiponsotu, zimayambitsa matenda ndi mphutsi za tizilombo toyambitsa matenda zimapirira kulekerera kwambiri chisanu komanso kutentha kumene kungayambitse chikhalidwe ndipo zimakhudza zokolola zake.
Currant - kusamalira kasupe, malangizo a omaluwa wamaluwa
Chiwerengero cha tizirombo ndi matenda chikhoza kuchepetsedwa mosavuta mwa kukonzekera zochitika za chisamaliro cha chikhalidwe chaka chonse. Chithandizo cha currant kumayambiriro kwa nyengo imayamba ndi kufufuza chitsamba. Ndikofunika kuthetsa nthambi zowuma ndi matenda. Zilonda zimatenthedwa - ndi malo abwino opatsirana. Nthaka pansi pa tchire imalangizidwa kuti ikhedwe ndi phulusa ndi kukumba - izi ziwononge zisa ndi kuika kwa spores ndi mphutsi. Pambuyo pa nthaka, perekani ndi humus, yomwe idzakhala ngati chitsamba kwa nthawi yonse yotentha. Ndiye mukhoza kupanga chithandizo cha currant mu kasupe kuchokera ku matenda ndi tizilombo toononga.
Kodi kuchita currant mu April?
Kusankha zomwe mungapange mankhwalawa m'chaka cha matenda ndi tizirombo, ambiri amathandizira mankhwala. Pa nthawi imodzimodziyo, m'pofunika kusunga mawu omveka bwino a ulimi wothirira, chifukwa zomera zamasamba zimayambira kwambiri, ndipo kusintha kumachitika mwamsanga. Kuchita ndondomeko zofanana ndizofunikira musanatsegule mphukira. Amapanga chisokonezo kumayambiriro kwa nyengo, pamene impso zimangoyamba kumera ndipo sizinayambe kupanga masamba. Mankhwalawa amachitika mu nyengo yofunda pamtunda wa 5 ° C.
Currant processing mu kasupe ndi mkuwa sulphate
Pakuti kasupe processing, mkuwa sulfate ndi weniweni. Popeza palibe masamba pa nthambi ndi masamba omwe samapyozedwa, amatha kuwononga mphutsi za tizirombo - nthata, nsabwe za m'masamba, matenda a fungal. Kuphatikiza apo, amatha kupiritsa mankhwala ndi kuwononga nthaka kumtunda. Mankhwala a currants ndi mkuwa sulphate mumasika amapezeka muzitsulo zolimba, monga zomera sizikhala ndi masamba, ndipo makungwawo amatha kupirira zotsatira za mankhwala omwe amathetsa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.
Chizoloŵezi cha mkuwa sulphate ndi magalamu 100 pa 1 chidebe cha madzi, kuti chikhale chachikulu, 25 magalamu a sopo ochapa amawonjezeredwa ku yankho. Kukonzekera kusakaniza, kukonzekera kumatsanulidwa kutsanulira ndi madzi ochepa, chifukwa nthawi yoziziritsa imakhala yosasunthika bwino kenako imadzipukutira kwa voliyumu yofunikira. Njira yothetserayi imayambitsidwa bwino ndi nthambi za zomerazo ndi kuthirira nthaka kuzungulira chitsamba. Kumapeto kwa March ndi kumayambiriro kwa mwezi wa April.
Kukonzekera kwa currant mu kasupe ndi vitriol yachitsulo
Osati kokha kukonzanso kasupe, komanso kukonzekera kwa munda kwa wintering, chitsulo cha sulphate ndi chenicheni. Ndi chinthu chabwino kwambiri chochotsa matenda, bowa, nkhanambo, lichens, zipatso zowola, ndizofunika kuti zitha kupewa chlorosis. Kuchiza kwa currants ndi vitriol yachonde mu nyengo -
- Kuteteza tizilombo toopsa (kuphatikizapo wintering pansi pa makungwa) - 500 g pa 10 malita a madzi. Zitsamba kuthirira mowolowa manja asanatsegulidwe impso, kachiwiri - mu November.
- Kulimbana ndi matenda a fungalomu kumagwiritsira ntchito mphamvu yowonjezera ya vitriol yachitsulo - 30 g ya zosakaniza pa 10 malita a madzi. Kupopera mbewu kumapangidwa 2-3 nthawi iliyonse masiku 5-7.
- Kugonjetsa matenda a chlorosis (kusowa chitsulo m'nthaka), 50 g wa mankhwalawa amadzipangidwira mu 10 malita a madzi. Kuthirira kumachitika masiku 4-5 isanayambe kutsitsika kwa mtundu wobiriwira wa masamba.
Currant processing mu kasupe Bordeaux madzi
Mwachikhalidwe, mankhwala a currant m'chaka cha matenda ndi tizilombo toononga ndi Bordeaux osakaniza amapangidwa kenako, kumayambiriro kwa kutsegula kwa impso. Amapulumutsa chikhalidwe kuchoka ku nkhanambo ndi tsamba, kuthamanga, dzimbiri, nyenyezi. Kukonzekera kwa yankho kumadalira pa siteji ya chitukuko cha mbeu:
- Musanayambe kugwedeza impso, mafuta osakaniza 3% - 300 g wa laimu ndi 300 g wouma sulphate wouma amamwa madzi okwanira 10 l. Mlingo wa mowa wa osakaniza ndi 0.5-1 malita pa chitsamba. Sikoyenera kuthirira Bordeaux madzi m'nyengo yozizira kapena mvula yambiri. Kuti mugwiritse ntchito, gwiritsani ntchito kusakaniza mwatsopano.
- Chithandizo chachiwiri cha currant Bordeaux madzi akukonzekera pa mphukira yopanga mapulani, koma asanatsegulidwe ndi 1% yothetsera: 10 malita a madzi pa 100 g ya mandimu ndi mkuwa sulphate.
- Patatha masiku 15 mutakolola, ulimi wothirira umodzi uyenera kuchitidwa ndi 1% Bordeaux osakaniza.
Currant processing mu kasupe ndi urea
Carbamide ( urea ) ndi feteleza ya nayitrogeni yokhala ndi 46% ya nayitrogeni. Mankhwalawa ndi ming'oma ya mankhwalawa imathetsa mavuto angapo - amathandiza kulimbana ndi mliri wa tizilombo ndi matenda ndikuthandizira nthaka ndi nayitrogeni, zomwe ndi zofunika kuti mbewuyo ikhale yobiriwira ndi kupanga mbewu yowonjezera. Mmene mungayendetsere:
- Kumwa kwapakati kumayambiriro asanayambe impso. Yankho lirikonzekera mu chiŵerengero cha 500-700 g urea kufika 10 malita a madzi. Pa mamita 10 m 2 imatenga 2.5 malita a madzi ogwira ntchito.
- Chofunika kwambiri ndi mankhwala a currants ndi urea mogwirizana ndi mkuwa sulphate - 700 g wa carbamide ndi 50 g ya vitriol pa 10 malita a madzi.
- Ngati njala ya nayitrogeni ikasintha, ngati masamba atembenukira chikasu pa chomera, kufalikira kochepa kungapangidwe ulimi wothirira.
Kukonzekera kwa currant mu mankhwala amtundu wa kasupe
Ngati kulimbana ndi tizirombo sitikufuna kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala, ndiye koyenera kukonza currants ndi mankhwala owerengeka. Kuchokera ku matenda aliwonse ndi tizilombo mungathe kutsuka tchire ndi mankhwala osiyanasiyana. Tincture wa adyo, chitsamba chowawa, fodya, manyowa anyezi anali abwino. Zagwiritsidwa ntchito kwa zaka zosaposa khumi, zotsatira zake zatsimikiziridwa. Chithandizo chotero sichipereka zotsatira zoyambirira monga ulimi wothirira ndi kukonzekera mankhwala, koma matendawa ndi otetezeka ku munda wonse, komanso kwa anthu ndi mamolekyu owopsa mu zipatso sizidzakhala.
Chithandizo cha currant baka mu kasupe ndi madzi otentha
Njira yotsika mtengo ndikuchiza currant m'chaka cha matenda ndi tizirombo mothandizidwa ndi madzi otentha. Iwo bwino kumathandiza impso mite, amene amakhala mu autumn mu masamba a zomera ndi ndi isanayambike kutentha kuwononga masamba a chikhalidwe. The currant amachiritsidwa ndi madzi otentha kumayambiriro kasupe pamaso masamba kutupa. Njira yothandizira kutentha:
- Mizu ya tchire ili ndi zitsulo kapena plywood. Kwa ntchito ndi bwino kugwiritsira ntchito zitsulo zitsulo zingatheke ndi mpheta.
- Madzi amaperekedwa kwa chithupsa, amatsanulira mu chidebe ndipo nthawi yomweyo amawongolera mofanana ndi nthambi iliyonse kumtunda kuchokera kutalika kwa masentimita 15-20. Pamene madzi otentha amafika pamakungwa, kutentha kwake kudzakwera kufika ku 60 - 70 ° C ndipo sikudzawononge zomera.
- Chitsamba chimodzi chimadya 1-1.2 malita a madzi otentha.
- Kuwonjezera zotsatira, mchere, ayodini, manganese kapena mkuwa sulphate amawonjezeredwa ku yankho.
Currant processing mu kasupe ndi ammonia
Njira yothetsera ammonia kapena ammonia yokhala ndi 82% ya nayitrogeni, imathandiza kuti azitsatira chikhalidwe. Pa mlingo wamtunduwu, zimakwiyitsa ndipo zimatha kuwononga nsabwe za m'masamba ndi nkhupakupa. Mlingo wa mankhwala si wovulaza kwa anthu, ndipo tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timayambitsa kupuma. Kukonzekera yankho, tengani 10 malita a madzi, 40 ml yokonzekera ndi 40 g sopo. Chogwiritsira ntchito chomalizira chimatithandiza kulimbitsa zotsatira zomangiriza.
Mankhwala othandizira ammonia ndi ofunikira osati zowonongeka chabe, koma zowonongeka. Kudiririra kumapangidwa mothandizidwa ndi kupopera madzulo mvula yamkuntho. Kuti mupeze zotsatira zapamwamba, kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa kumachitidwa kangapo. Pambuyo pa kusokoneza, chomeracho sayenera kuthiriridwa masiku angapo.
Currant processing ndi adyo infusions
Pambuyo pa mabulosi a mabulosi amatha, ndizothandiza kupopera ndi njira zotetezeka, kuti musadzaza zipatso ndi mankhwala. Kuchokera ku tizirombo zambiri ogwira bwino adyo, ndi mankhwala abwino kwambiri. Garlic amathandiza kuthana ndi nthata za currant, nsabwe za m'masamba, ntchentche, zishango. Gwiritsani ntchito kulowetsedwa pa zizindikiro za kugonjetsedwa kwa chitsamba ndi majeremusi pamtunda uliwonse wa zomera.
Pofuna kuthetsa vutoli, 300 g wa adyo iyenera kukhala yodulidwa bwino, kutsanulira 2 malita a madzi ndikuumiriza maola 24. Kenaka kulowetsedwa kumasankhidwa, kumakakamiza kwambiri adyo, ndipo currant imatengedwa kuchokera ku tizirombo. Pamaso pa ulimi wothirira, 50 ml ya kulowetsedwa amaimitsidwa ndi 10 malita a madzi, 10 malita a osakaniza amagwiritsidwa ntchito pa 2-3 zitsamba. Ndondomekoyi ndibwino kuti mutha masiku angapo pamzere, kuti muchotse mavitamini. Pofuna kupititsa patsogolo ulimi wothirira mu kulowetsedwa, mukhoza kuwonjezera sopo yotsuka - magalamu 15 pa 4 malita a kusakaniza.
Kukonzekera kwa currant ndi sopo
Kuchokera ku nsabwe za m'masamba ndi matenda a fungal kumathandiza kuchotsa phula kapena yankho la sopo. Madzi ofunda mu maola 10 amalumikizidwa ndi 400 g ya zosakaniza, grated pa lalikulu grater, yankho liri losakaniza mpaka chigawocho dissolves kwathunthu. Mankhwalawa ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa masiku osachepera asanu, mpaka zizindikiro zowonongeka kwa zomera sizidzatha. Pofuna kuteteza ndi kuteteza tizilombo processing currant baka ku tizirombo ndi matenda ndi sopo yankho amapangidwa kale ndi pambuyo budding.
Currant processing ndi blowtorch
Polimbana ndi impso mite, powdery mildew, nsabwe za m'masamba ndi mphutsi zawo, njira yothandizira kutentha, yomwe imaphatikizapo kutentha nthambi zotseguka pamoto, ndizofunika. Ntchitoyi iyenera kuchitika kumapeto kwa impso mpaka kumayambiriro kwa mwezi wa March, nthawi zina pa nthawiyi pansi pa tchire kudakali chipale chofewa. Mwa njirayi, nkofunika kuti musachedwe, mwinamwake maso angafe.
Mpweya wotsekemera umawotchedwa ndi moto pogwiritsa ntchito blowtorch kapena gasi. Pankhaniyi, nthambi iliyonse ndi nthaka pafupi ndi chitsamba zimatenthedwa ndi moto. Moto umatumizidwa ku mphukira pa mtunda wa 8-10 masentimita ndipo umanyamulidwa pamodzi ndi thunthu 2-3 nthawi, ngati ndi stroking. Bweretsa lamoto pafupi ndi nthambi ndikukhala nthawi imodzi simungathe. Ntchito iyenera kukhala yodekha ndi yodalirika, chinthu chofunika sikuti chiziwonongeke ndipo sichiwononge impso. Mwa njirayi, aphid mazira ndi ambiri mites wintering mu impso kufa.