Nthawi zambiri amalima amadyetsa zomera zambiri kuti abereke mbewu zambiri. Kuti izi zitheke, mungagwiritse ntchito mankhwala, koma ndiye nitrate zonse ndizo chipatso. Ndibwino, koma osagwira ntchito, kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza zambiri, mwachitsanzo urea kapena carbamide .
M'nkhaniyi, mudzaphunzira za maonekedwe a urea, ndipo zomera zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito monga fetereza zimagwira ntchito.
Kodi feteleza urea ndi chiyani?
Urea ndi yochuluka kwambiri nayitrogeni feteleza. Chiwerengero cha mankhwalawa ndi pafupifupi 46% ndipo chiri mu amide mawonekedwe, omwe amathamangira mofulumira mu zomera ndikuyendayenda pamtunda.
Mfundo ya urea
Pambuyo pokonza feteleza m'nthaka, pogwiritsa ntchito michere, yomwe imapangidwa ndi mabakiteriya okhala padziko lapansi, urea amatembenukira ku ammonium carbonate. Kumadera kumene kuli zinthu zakuthambo, njira iyi yosinthira imatenga masiku 2-3 okha.
Urea amagulitsidwa ngati granules loyera loti madzi asungunulidwe kuti mkate umatha. Ikhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito mwachindunji ku nthaka kapena ngati yankho.
Kodi kubzala feteleza urea?
Urea ikhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya kudyetsa, kokha kuchuluka kwa kuchepetsa kwa youma kukonzekera mu 10 malita a madzi adzasiyana:
- chifukwa muzu - 50-70 g;
- chomera cha masamba - 100 g.
Koma kwa mbewu za masamba, mitengo ya zipatso ndi tchire, mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya kugwiritsa ntchito feterezayi mu mawonekedwe owuma amatanthauzidwa.
Momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito urea monga feteleza?
Malingaliro onse omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pogwiritsa ntchito urea kwa mbewu zamasamba ndi mlingo wotsatira (wochokera pa 1 mamita a nthaka):
- musanadzale - mpaka 12 g;
- mu nthawi yogwira kukula - mpaka 10 g;
- pamaso maluwa - mu mawonekedwe a yankho, okonzeka mu kuchuluka kwa 50-60 g pa 10 malita a madzi.
Mitengo ndi zitsamba, zonse zokongoletsa ndi zipatso:
- mu nthawi ya kukula - 15-20 g;
- pambuyo pa maluwa (pambuyo pa masiku 5-6) ndi pambuyo pa masiku 30 - ndi yankho la 20-30 g pa 10 malita a madzi.
Musaiwale kuti kudyetsa raspberries, tomato ndi feteleza izi zingapindule.
Ngati mubweretsa urea, mukabalalitsa pansi pa zomera kapena kusindikiza mu dzenje mukadzala nawo, onetsetsani kuti muthe kutsanulira bwino.
Kodi ndiyenera kuyang'ana chiyani ndikugwiritsa ntchito urea?
Ngati mukufuna kugwiritsa ntchito urea kukhala ndi zotsatirazi, zotsatirazi ziyenera kuganiziridwa:
- Manyowawa sakuvomerezedwa kuti asakanikidwe ndi laimu, choko, dolomite ndi superphosphates yosavuta, chifukwa pokhudzana ndi momwe ntchito yawo yasinthira, kotero sipadzakhalanso zotsatira.
- Pogwiritsidwa ntchito, nthaka acidification imapezeka, kotero, pofuna kupewa choipa chotere cha feteleza, chophatikizapo, chimbudzi chiyenera kuwonjezeka pa mlingo wa 1 kg wa urea kufika 800 g wa miyala yamwala.
- Ammonium carbonate, yomwe imapezeka chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa urea, pamene yataya mpweya wotuluka, ndipo gawo lomwe limakhala lopsa, limatayika, lomwe limachepetsa msinkhu wa ntchito. Izi zimachitika pamene urea amalowetsedwa pamalo osatsekedwa opanda nthaka. Tiyeneranso kukumbukira kuti pa nthaka zamchere ndi ndale kutayika kwa chinthu chofunika kwambiri kumapamwamba kwambiri kuposa ena onse;
- Chifukwa chakuti urea ali bwino kuposa feteleza wina wa nayitrogeni m'nthaka ndipo amatsuka pang'onopang'ono ndi mphepo, zimalimbikitsa kuzigwiritsa ntchito kumadera omwe ulimi wothirira umagwiritsidwa ntchito kapena kutentha kwambiri.