Chikumbumtima ndi chodabwitsa, njira zomwe sizikuwonekera bwino kwa ochita kafukufuku. Zomwe anthu amakumbukira ndizosakumbukira ndi zosaiwalika ndizo zochitikazo, zipangizo zomwe zinali zofiira komanso zothandiza. Koma zikhoza kuwoneka: nthawi yambiri yadutsa ndipo zonse zaiwalika ... ndipo mwadzidzidzi zimabwera m'maganizo mwadzidzidzi komanso mowala kwambiri.
Kodi kukumbukira ndi chiyani?
Munthu aliyense amakumana ndi chodabwitsa choterocho monga kukumbukira mosayembekezereka kwa chochitika chowoneka ngati choiwalika chaubwana, nyimbo yachikale kapena ndakatulo - kukumbukira (lat.reminiscentia - chikumbutso), kukumbukira kwa nthawi yaitali komwe ziwonetsero za moyo zowonjezeredwa zomwe sungathe kuzichotsa ndipo tulukani mu kukumbukira ndi chochitika cha nthawi.
Kodi chikumbumtima cha maganizo ndi chiyani?
Kuchokera m'maganizo mwa maganizo ndi chinthu chodabwitsa cha kukumbukira. Pierre Janet, katswiri wa sayansi wa ku France amene adaphunzira zovutazo, adatsimikiza kuti kukumbukira sikudalira zochitika zakunja komanso zochitika zomwe zimabwereza. Akatswiri a zamaganizo amakhulupirira kuti kukumbukira chikumbukiro ndichikhalidwe chachikhalidwe cha psyche: Panthawi yosangalala ndi zochitika zokondweretsa kapena zosautsa, malingaliro a munthu amakhala olepheretsa, chifukwa cholemetsa - ichi ndicho chitetezo cha psyche . Mu zochitika zachikuda zotengeka mwadzidzidzi zimakumbukiridwa mwadzidzidzi.
Kutsutsa ndi Kukhululukidwa - kusiyana
Zosangalatsa ndi zikumbukiro ziri pafupifupi zofanana zomwe zili muzinthu zolemba. Kutchulidwa ndi "mawu" kapena "nthabwala" ponena za ntchito ina yolemba, kwa wolemba zochitika, kwa munthu wina. Zinthu zina zonse zimagwiritsidwa ntchito panthawi yonseyi. Popanda kudziwa chitsimikiziro chomwe amatsutsa, zimakhala zovuta kuti owerenga azindikire. Lingaliro la kukumbukira limasiyanasiyana ndi malingaliro, pakuti nthawizonse ndi "kukumbukira" kopanda chidziwitso, chidziwitso cha "zolemba m'mabuku", pamene kunena kuti ndizofotokozera momvekera, momveka bwino kwa gwero lina.
Mitundu yowonongeka
Chodabwitsa cha chikumbumtima monga ndondomeko chikhoza kuwonetsedwa muzinthu zosiyanasiyana za sayansi, luso, moyo wa tsiku ndi tsiku. Mitundu yotchuka kwambiri ya kukumbukira:
- Mbiri yakale ndi filosofi . Wachifilosofi wachigiriki wakale Plato ananena kuti zinthu zonse zozungulira ndi zochitika zimagwirizana ndi wina ndi mzake ndipo chifukwa cha mfundo imeneyi wina akhoza kukumbukira chirichonse pa chirichonse. Kudziwa kulikonse kukumbukira kapena kukumbukira. M'ntchito yake "Phaedra" - Plato akunena kuti kukumbukira kumakhala ngati sakramenti ya kuyambitsa komanso njira ya uzimu.
- Chiwerengero chakumbuyo . Zokongola zojambula zamakono ndi zotsatira, zomwe zimakopa wowonera mu cinema. Kuchotsa chiwonetsero m'mafilimu ndi njira zamakono. Zowonongeka kwa owonazo zimatumizidwa ku zochitika zonse zochitika, kubwerera kumbuyo, ntchito za luso la akatswiri ojambula bwino amagwiritsidwa ntchito, monga mu filimu ya L. Riefenstahl ya "The Triumph of Will", pamene chifaniziro ndi chojambula cha K.Mone chikuwonetsedwa: "St. Denis Street pa National Day ": Kuthamanga mbendera, popanda kutchulidwa kwa mafano okhala ndi mabanki.
- Chikumbumtima - monga chodabwitsa cha psyche . Kuchedwa kukumbukira zinthu zilizonse kapena zochitika.
- Malingaliro amalingaliro (kulembera) kukumbukira . Kukumbutsa malemba ndi mitundu yotsatirayi:
- Mau oyamba a mau a mawu ena kapena mafotokozedwe (akuwonekera ndi miyambi ya owerenga, aphorisms, quotations);
- kunena za miyambo yamakedzana;
- kulengedwa kwa malemba olemba ndi chikhalidwe chofotokozera cha owerengedwa omwe akudziwika bwino kwa owerenga ("iyi inali ya Shakespearean Romeo").
Kuiŵala ndi Kuyiwala
Kukumbukira chidziwitso chochuluka ndi njira yofunikira kwambiri kwa ophunzira, pa izi zimadalira kupambana ndi kuthandizira kuphunzira maphunziro. Kukumbukira munthu kumakonzedwa kotero kuti chidziwitso chomwe sichimvetsetsedwe ndi kubwereza mobwerezabwereza chimaiwala msanga. Kuiwala ndikosiyana ndi ndondomeko ya kukumbukira, koma izi sizikutanthauza kuti chirichonse chikuchotsedwa m'maganizo, zomwe zimatchedwa kuti ziwonetsero zomwe zimakhalapo ndipo zotsatira za kukumbukira ndizoti munthu atapita nthawi yaitali akukumbukira nyimbo, filimu kapena buku lomwe nthawi ina linaiwalika, ndi mfundo zochepa kwambiri.