Bologna - tauni yapamwamba komanso yosavuta kwambiri ya ku Italy, yomwe ili pafupi ndi Milan , malo obadwirako msuzi wa Bolognese , kumene mungathe kuona zinthu zambiri zosangalatsa. Pano, nyumba zamakono zimakhala zosiyana ndi nyumba zakale, zomwe zikudabwitsa kuti zimagwirizanitsa pamodzi mumzinda wonse. Kotero, kodi ndi chofunika chotani ku Bologna?
Tchalitchi cha Saint Petronius
Tchalitchi chachikulu ichi chinamangidwa mu 1479 m'mipingo eyiti yaing'ono. Ndi mpingo wachisanu ndi umodzi waukulu kwambiri padziko lapansi, kuposa anthu a ku Bologna omwe ndi odzitukumula kwambiri. Tchalitchicho chimapangidwa mwa mawonekedwe a mtanda wa Katolika, uli ndi nkhunda zitatu ndi mapemphero. Kukongoletsa kwa tchalitchi, zonse zakunja ndi zamkati, zimapangidwira kalembedwe ka Gothic.
Mbali yosangalatsa ya tchalitchi ndi mzere womwe umatengedwa pansi pake, womwe umatsimikizira kuti dziko lapansi likuzungulira dzuwa. Komanso mu tchalitchi chachikulu muli ziwalo ziwiri - zakale kwambiri ku Italy.
University of Bologna
Ichi ndi bungwe lophunzitsira, lomwe ndi limodzi la mayunivesite akale kwambiri ku Ulaya. Nthawi ina, Francesco Petrarca ndi Albrecht Durer, Dante Alighieri ndi Paracelsus, Papa Nicholas V ndi anthu ena otchuka ndi ojambula adapatsidwa chidziwitso chawo pano. Yunivesite inakhazikitsidwa mu 1088 ndipo posakhalitsa inakhala likulu la sayansi ya European, yotchedwa Studium. Yunivesite ya Bologna inasonkhana pamodzi ndi akatswiri a nzeru za nthawi imeneyo. Masiku ano, ophunzira oposa 90,000 amalembedwa pano omwe amabwera ku Bologna kuchokera kumadera osiyanasiyana ku Italy ndi ochokera m'mayiko ena.
Neptune Kasupe
Mu Piazza Nepttuno pali dongosolo losazolowereka. Pofuna kuyang'ana pachitsime cha Neptune, alendo ambiri amabwera ku Bologna. Kasupe uyu anamangidwa ndi Jambologni, wosema zosema, wotumidwa ndi Kadinali Borromeo.
Chinthu chodziwika kwambiri cha zokopa za Bologna ndi gulu losaoneka mwachidwi pakati. Kutayidwa kuchokera ku mfumu yamkuwa yamtundu wa Neptune wagwira m'manja mwake mwambo wake wautali, ndikuzungulira mazmphs ake a bronze, motero poyera akuwonetsa kuti izi zinayambitsa mikangano yambiri pakati pa nzika za Bologna. Ena adapereka "kuvala" malemba achimake mu bulathoti zamkuwa, ena amamenyera mwakhama kuwonongeka kwa kapangidwe kawo, koma kasupe wa Neptune akuyimira bwino mpaka lero.
Pali zizindikiro zingapo zokhudzana ndi kasupe wa Neptune. Mwachitsanzo, maulendo angapo kuti ayende mozungulira ndi chizindikiro cha "mwayi", omwe agwiritsidwa ntchito ndi ophunzira a yunivesite ya Bologna, okhala ndi alendo a mzindawo kwa zaka zambiri.
Pinakothek
Nyumba yosungiramo zinthu zakale kwambiri ku Bologna ndi National Pinakothek - imodzi mwa mafilimu abwino kwambiri ku Italy. Lili ndi ziwonetsero zambiri zamtengo wapatali: ntchito za Raphael ndi Giotto, Guido Reni ndi Annibale Carraz, komanso ambuye ena otchuka a ku Italy amene adalenga m'zaka za m'ma 1200 ndi 1900.
Pinacoteca ili ndi maholo osachepera makumi atatu. Pali mawonetsedwe afupipafupi a zamakono, maphunziro.
Kumalo ozungulira ndi mabwalo a Bologna
Aliyense amene amabwera ku Bologna amakumbukira nsanja zake zotchuka zambiri. Iwo amamangidwa mu Middle Ages, osati osati zomangamanga zokha. M'zaka za m'ma XII-XIII pakati pa mabanja olemera iwo ankawoneka kuti ndi otchuka kuti akonze nsanja yokhala ndi njira zake. Kotero nsanja za Azinelli (zapamwamba mu mzinda), Azzovigi, Garizenda ndi nsanja zina-zizindikiro za Bologna zinamangidwa. Mpaka pano, nsanja zokwana 17 zokha za 180 zasungidwa ku Bologna. Zili ndi mabenchi ogula ogulitsa amisiri omwe akugulitsa zinthu ndi manja osiyanasiyana.
Zithunzizi zimakhala zaka zambirimbiri zomangira nyumba zomwe zimagwirizanitsa nyumba. Ndi chimodzi mwa zochititsa chidwi kwambiri ku Bologna pamodzi ndi nsanja. Chakumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma Ages, pamene mzindawu unayamba kukhala wochuluka kwambiri, pokhala malo odziwika bwino komanso amalonda ku Italy, kayendedwe ka Bologna kanaganiza zomanga mipanda yozungulira pafupi ndi nyumba iliyonse yaikulu. Ndiye iwo anali matabwa, ndipo kenako anachotsedwa ndi mwala, kupatula pa portolo imodzi yamatabwa mumsewu wa Maggiore. Chotsatira chake, chipindachi chimagwirizanitsa pafupifupi mzinda wonse: akhoza kuyenda momasuka, kubisala mphepo kapena mvula.
