Chimanga cha pepino (kapena vwende) chimachokera ku South America. Dzina lake silinali mwangozi. Zipatso zake zimafanana ndi peyala mu mawonekedwe, koma kulawa ngati vwende. Amathetsa ludzu lawo komanso amatsitsimutsa. Zipatsozi zikhoza kudyedwa yaiwisi, kuwonjezera ku saladi, zouma, mazira, zamzitini, zipatso zophika kapena kupanikizana.
Tsabola Peyala Peyala
Amaluwa ambiri akudabwa za pepino - kodi chomera ichi chikukhala chofala bwanji zaka zaposachedwapa? Chikhalidwe chimatanthawuza banja la Solanaceee, monga tomato kapena mbatata . Chomeracho ndi chitsulo cholimba, cholimba, chotchedwa semi-arboreal shrub ndi kutalika kwa 1.5 mamita ndi makulidwe a 5-7 mm. Ndi osatha, wakula kapena kutseka.
Nkhokwe za Pepin zimasonkhanitsidwa ku inflorescences, zofanana ndi mbatata. Zipatso zimakhala zokongola, zachikasu kapena lalanje, thupi limaphimbidwa ndi khungu lokhala ndi mivi imvi, mbeu mkati ndizochepa. Chipatsocho ndi chokoma ndi chowawa kwambiri kulawa ndi yowutsa mudyo kwambiri, chiri ndi kutalika kwa masentimita 17 ndi kulemera kwa magalamu 750. Mu nyengo kuchokera ku chitsamba, n'zotheka kuchotsa zipatso zokwana makilogalamu 7, ndikulima m'miphika - 5 makilogalamu. Chipatsocho ndi chopatsa thanzi komanso chamtengo wapatali - cholemera mu carotene, chitsulo, pectin, mavitamini, ayodini.
Masewera a Pepino
Mavwendewa ali ndi mitundu iwiri yapadera yomwe imakula m'dera lathu - Consuelo ndi Ramses. Iwo amadziwika pakati pa wamaluwa, kuyambira 2000 iwo akuphatikizidwa mwalamulo mu State Register monga cholonjeza kwambiri. Zizindikiro za mitundu ya mtundu wa vwende peyala:
- Pepino Ramses . Kukolola, kucha msanga, kusagonjetsedwa ndi zovuta zina. Zomwe zimayambira zimakhala zolimba, zowonongeka, zobiriwira zomwe zimapangidwanso. Zipatso zili ndi mtundu wachikasu, pafupifupi mapepala osakanikirana, mapira a lalanje, kulemera kwa magalamu 750. Nthaŵi zina amakhala ndi peppery kukoma, ndipo vwende ndi wofooka anasonyeza.
- Pepino Consuelo . Komanso kulolera, koma kosagonjetsedwa ndi zovuta zosiyanasiyana, mochedwa-kucha. Chomeracho chimakhala ndi lilac chochepa kwambiri chomwe chimayambira mpaka mamita awiri m'litali. Masamba amafanana ndi mbale zofiira. Zipatso za Consuelo zimakhala zofiira kwambiri, zimakhala ndi nsalu zofiirira pamsana. Chofunika kwambiri cha zosiyanasiyana ndi zabwino kwambiri makhalidwe a pepino ngati chipatso. Ili ndi kukoma kokoma ndi kowawasa, kofanana ndi vwende. Ngati chipatso chimabala, chimachepetsa kwambiri kuti chikhoza kuledzera monga madzi kudzera mu udzu. Zipatsozo ndizochepa kuposa za Ramses, misa yawo imafikira magalamu 620.
Kodi mungamange bwanji pepino?
Zokongola za pepino n'zosavuta kukhala ndi chithandizo cha mbewu kapena cuttings. Ngakhale kuti chikhalidwe cha nthawi yaitali chimafika, chimayamba mizu chaka chilichonse, monga momwe chimakhalira ndi tomato kapena tsabola. Chomeracho chimakonda dzuwa ndi kutentha, kuyambira kubzala mbande kukolola kumatenga miyezi 4-5. Kutentha kwakukulu kwa chitukuko chogwirizana cha pepino, kukula kwa zipatso zotere kunyumba ndi 18-25 ° C. Mu kutentha pamwamba pa 26 ° C, chipatso sichingakhoze kumangiriza.
Pepino - kukula kuchokera ku mbewu
Pofuna kupeza maluwa akuluakulu a pepino kuchokera ku mbewu kunyumba ya Meyi, kubzala kumayamba mu November ndi December. Mbeuzo zimawazidwa pang'ono ndi nthaka yovunda. Pofuna kuteteza chinyezi, mbande zimakhala ndi filimu. Mbande imadumpha patatha masiku 5-7. Panthawiyi mphukira imafuna kuwala kwa nyali nthawi zonse. Mu gawo la masamba awiri, mbande zimayikidwa mu makapu, kuwonjezeka ku zikhomo ndi chophimba ndi filimu. Kuwala kwafupika kwafupika kufika maola 14 patsiku, pafupi ndi March yatha. Pofika pamtunda, mphukira iyenera kufika 10 cm mu msinkhu ndikupanga masamba 8.
Kubalana kwa pepino ndi cuttings
Kukula ndi kuchulukitsa peyala yamatope ndi zombo zotetezeka. Kwa chaka chilichonse kuti mukhale ndi chipatso nokha, muyenera kukhala ndi uterine shrub. Chosankhidwa chokhala ndi thanzi labwino m'dzinja chimasamutsidwa ku kabati ndipo chimabwera m'nyumba. Kuwombera kumachepetsa ndi gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu, kuthirira kuchepa, chitsamba chiyenera kusungidwa pa kutentha kwa + 8 ° C. Kumapeto kwa nyengo yachisanu, thanki imayikidwa m'chipinda chokhala ndi zinthu + 16 ° C, kuwonjezera kuthirira madzi.
Pa funso, pamene cuttings a pepino, odziwa wamaluwa amayankha - pakatikati pa February. Kuchokera pa zowonongedwa, apical gawo la mphukira ndi masamba 7 akulekanitsidwa. Munsimu 2 amachotsedwa, mphukira imayikidwa m'madzi, pambuyo pa masiku asanu ndi awiri (7), mizu imawombera kwambiri. Kenaka timadontho timadzalidwa m'makopu omwe amachotsedwa ndi mabowo pofuna kuchotsa madzi, amasamalidwa asanafike nthawi yopita pansi.
Pepino - chisamaliro
Mavwendewo amakula mu wowonjezera kutentha, kutseguka kapena miphika yomwe ili ndi mphamvu ya malita asanu. M'nyumba yotentha yotsekemera, mbande imabzalidwa pakati pa mwezi wa April, izi zidzathandiza kuti nthawi yayitali zitsamba zitheke ndi kuyamba kukolola msanga. Mu malo osungidwa, zimakhala zosavuta kukula chomera - pomwepo mukhoza kusintha kutentha. Mu nthaka yotseguka imatuluka ndi vwende peyala itabzala pambuyo pake - mu May, pamene chiopsezo cha chisanu cha usiku chimakhala chochepa. Akafunsidwa momwe angakwezere pepino kunyumba, dacha akulangizidwa kuti azitenga kabati ndi chitsamba pa khonde pamasiku otentha. Chikhalidwe chimafuna mpweya wabwino ndi dzuwa.
Kodi mungabzala bwanji pepino?
Musanabzala gawo la mphukira ndibwino kuthetsa yankho la potaziyamu permanganate. Pepino - kukwera malo abwino ndi kusamalira:
- Mizera imakonzedwa ndi mapakati pakati pa 70 cm;
- fetereza imagwiritsidwa ntchito: kompositi 4 makilogalamu / m 2;
- Mbewu zimabzalidwa kuti zikhale zochepa kuti pakhale mpata wa masentimita 50 pakati pa tchire;
- Mmerawo ndi wothira ndipo umakhala ndi nthaka youma. Izi zimachepetsa kutuluka kwa madzi, ndipo zimapangitsa kuti ziphuphu ziphuke;
- makamaka kukafika madzulo.
Mavwende a pepino - nthaka
Tsamba la vwende la peyala limamva bwino m'nthaka popanda kulowerera kwa asidi, bwino. Nthaka iyenera kukhala yopanda nayitrogeni yambiri, yomwe imayambitsa kukula kwa tsinde phindu la kubereka. Otsogola bwino a pepino m'dzikoli ndi anyezi, nkhaka, nyemba , adyo. Pambuyo pokolola zokolola zakale, dziko lapansi likukumba, kuchotsedwa namsongole ndi zotsalira za mizu.
M'kugwa, chakudya cha manyowa ndi mchere potash phosphorous chimayambira mmenemo. M'chaka, nthaka imamasula kachiwiri kuti isunge chinyezi mmenemo. Kudyetsa mapeyala a peyala kumachitika mwezi uliwonse. Mapangidwe apamwamba apangidwa masiku khumi ndi asanu ndi awiri (10-14) pambuyo pa kutuluka, chachiwiri - pambuyo pake chipatso chimangirizidwa, ndiye - milungu iwiri iliyonse. Chomera chimayankha bwino kwa manyowa (1: 7), kapena zitosi za mbalame (1:20).
Pepino pawindo - kuthirira
Mukasankha kulima pepino kunyumba, ndibwino kuisunga pawindo lakumwera, chifukwa ndi lokonda kwambiri. Kuthirira peyala yamatope poyera kapena m'nyumba zimakhala zofunikira - sizimatulutsa madzi ndipo zimadabwa kwambiri ndi mizu yovunda. Sungani nthaka masiku angapo, simukuyenera kuumitsa - panthawi yomweyi mizu yaing'ono imatha, ndipo zomera zimataya masamba ndi ovary. Madzi a pepper amatsanuliridwa ndiye, ngati mtanda wa dothi wouma kuti ukhale wakuya masentimita 1. Ndi kusintha kwadzidzidzi kwa chinyezi, chipatso chikhoza kutha.
Pamene Pepino Consuelo akuphuka?
Ndimasangalala ndi mchere wonyezimira peyala 70-85 patatha masiku akukwera. Corollas pa pepin amafanana ndi mbatata. Maluwa ambiri amasonkhanitsidwa m'magulu, mpaka zidutswa makumi awiri. Mphepete ndi zoyera ndi zala. Zipatso zimamangidwa kuchokera kumapeto kwa March mpaka May. Chomeracho ndi chodzipitsa mungu, koma ndibwino kuti tigwedeze mowongoka kuti apangidwe chipatso panthawi ya maluwa. Mu June, patatha masiku kukhala otalika ndipo kutentha kumatuluka, ovary sichimangidwe.
Ndikudabwa kuti chifukwa chiyani Pepino sichimasintha, muyenera kudziwa kuti chikhalidwe ichi ndi chakuda, komabe chimafuna microclimate. Zomwe zimakhala bwino kwa ovary mapangidwe ndi madigiri 20-25. N'zosavuta kuti zikhalepo mu wowonjezera kutentha. Pamene mukusamalira chomera pamalo otseguka, palinso mavuto ambiri. Sultry chilimwe pa 30 ° C? Chomeracho sichitha pachimake kapena pamtengo wosalala woyera wa corollas amapangidwa, omwe amangosweka. Zipatso zimangomangirira pa masamba ndi lilac mikwingwirima.
Ngati izi zili zoyenera, exot idzasangalala ndi zipatso zowutsa mudyo mu September. Kuyambira nthawi ya maonekedwe a maluwa kwa kucha kwa chipatso amatenga 2.5-3 miyezi. Panthawiyi amakhala ofewa, kupeza kuwala kofiira kapena khungu, pa peel akuwonekera kwambiri. Chipatso chokhwima chimangowonjezereka ndi zala, ngakhale kuposa phwetekere. Zipatso ziyenera kuchotsedwa pa zomera panthawiyi - peyala yopanda kanthu imangokwera mosavuta mufiriji, kumene ingasungidwe kwa miyezi iwiri.
Ndiyamba liti papepala?
Chikumbutso choyenera ku kulima peon vwende (vwende) - pasynkovanie ndi tayi pamwamba pa chomera. Chikhalidwe kwambiri chitsamba ndikupanga njira zambiri. Zitsulozi zimachotsedwa ngati zimatha kutalika kwa 3-5 masentimita. Pazitsulo muyenera kusiya penechki (0.5-1 masentimita), zomwe zimateteza kuphulika kwatsopano m'masamba a masamba omwewo. Chitsamba chimalangizidwa kuti chikhale chizolowezi nthawi zonse - sabata iliyonse.
Zomera zitabzalidwa, pa bedi muyenera kukonza zothandizira (mapaipi, zowonjezera, zingwe zamatabwa) ndi kutalika kwa masentimita 80. Pamene zimera zimakula, zimamangirizidwa ku trellises. Chomera chosasintha popanda pasynkovaniya pansi pa chikoka chake cholemera nyongolotsi, kufalikira pansi, nthambi zake mizu ndipo sabala zipatso. Kupangidwa kwa chitsamba ndi zomangiriza zimathandiza kuti chikhalidwe chikhale bwino kwambiri pogwiritsa ntchito mphamvu za dzuwa.
Matenda a pepino
Pepino imakhudzidwa ndi matenda ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda monga tomato, eggplant ndi tsabola. Mavuto aakulu pa kulima:
- Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndi nsabwe za m'masamba, whitefly, Colorado kachilomboka. Amagwiritsidwe ntchito: mankhwala osokoneza bongo (Actellik, Confidor, Fosbitsid) pofuna kuwonongedwa kwa whiteflies ndi nsabwe za m'masamba; Acaricides (Carbofos) kuchokera ku nthata za kangaude.
- Amaze ndi vwende ndi nthenda: amawombera kuwononga "mwendo wakuda", kotero kuti izi sizichitika, gawolo lidakonzedweratu ndi yankho la manganese.
- Nthaka ikadodometsedwa, mizu yowola imatha kuchotsa matendawa, nkofunika kuti tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa mchere, m'malo mwa nthaka yatsopanoyo, kuchepetsa madzi okwanira.
- Mu theka lachiwiri la zomera, shrub ikhoza kugunda phytophthora. Limbani ndi thandizo la mkaka wa mkaka kapena Fitosporin - kuthirira kamodzi pa sabata.
- Chomeracho chimawoneka ndi nightshade bronchitis virus: masamba a pepino amakhala owuma, mbale zomwe zimakhudzidwa zimakhala zakuda. Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda sikunatengedwe, njira yayikulu yothetsera kubereka kwake ndiko kuchotsedwa kwa chitsamba chokhudzidwa.
Palibe mankhwala oti amenyane ndi matenda ndi tizirombo kwa pepino, chifukwa njira zomwezo zimagwiritsidwa ntchito poteteza tomato, biringanya ndi zomera zina za nightshade. Kuti musagwiritse ntchito zamagetsi, mukhoza kulowetsa fodya, yarrow, adyo kapena peel anyezi ndi spray pepino kuchokera pa sprayer kamodzi pa sabata. Musanayambe kutengera zojambula za amayi m'nyengo yozizira, iyeneranso kuthirizidwa ndi njira zoteteza.