Matenda a chiwindi - mndandanda wa matenda wamba komanso mavairasi owopsa

Matenda a chiwindi amakhudza maselo omwe kale akuphwanyidwa, zomwe wogwiritsira ntchito amagwiritsa ntchito. Kafukufuku wamakono wawonetsa kuti izi zimachitika kokha chifukwa chofooketsa chitetezo cha mthupi, chomwe sichitha kukwanitsa kuthetsa vutoli.

Zizindikiro za matenda opatsirana

Pambuyo popeza mabakiteriya zinaonekeratu kuti pali zifukwa zina za matendawa. Kwa nthawi yoyamba, mavairasi anayamba kukambidwa kumapeto kwa zaka za zana la 19, lero zoposa 2,000 za mitundu yawo zakhala zikuphunzitsidwa. Amakhalanso ndi chidziwitso - Matenda a tizilombo amafunikira zinthu zamoyo, chifukwa zimangokhala ndi zamoyo zokha. Ngati kachilombo kamalowa mu selo, mawonekedwe ake amayamba, ndipo amayamba kugwira ntchito pa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda omwe adalowa mkati.

Mitundu ya matenda a tizilombo

Mavitaminiwa amasiyana kwambiri ndi maonekedwe awo:

• Matenda a DNA - matenda a chiwindi a munthu, matenda a chiwindi B, herpes, papillomatosis, nkhuku, nkhuku;
• Chiwindi cha RNA, chiwindi cha chiwindi C, HIV, poliomyelitis, AIDS.

Matenda opatsirana angathenso kusankhidwa molingana ndi kayendedwe ka mphamvu pa selo:

• kachipathic - kusonkhanitsa tinthu timene timayang'anitsitsa ndi kuipha;
• Mankhwala osokoneza bongo - kachilombo kamene kamangidwira m'magazi ndi ogona, ndipo ma antigen amachokera pamwamba, kuika selo pansi pa momwe chitetezo cha mthupi chimakhudzidwira, chomwe chimawona kuti ndizowawa;
• mtendere - antigen sichipangidwa, dziko lopitiliza limapitilira kwa nthawi yaitali, kubwereza kumayambira pamene zinthu zabwino zimapangidwa;
• kuchepa - selo limasunthira mu chotupa.

Kodi kachilomboka kakufala bwanji?

Kufalitsa kwa kachilombo ka HIV kumachitika ndi:

1. Kuthamanga kwa mpweya. Matenda opatsirana opatsirana amachilomboka amagawidwa mwa kudulira zidutswa za ntchentche zomwe zimatuluka panthawi yopuma.
2. Parenteral. Pachifukwa ichi, matendawa amachokera kwa mayi kupita kwa mwana, panthawi ya kuchipatala, kugonana.
3. Kupyolera mu chakudya. Matenda a chiwindi amabwera ndi madzi kapena chakudya. Nthawi zina iwo ali m'tulo kwa nthawi yaitali, akuwoneka pansi pa chikoka china.

N'chifukwa chiyani matenda a tizilombo ali ndi mliri wa matenda?

Mavairasi ambiri amafalikira mofulumira komanso mofulumira, zomwe zimayambitsa matenda a mliri. Zifukwa izi ndi izi:

1. Kukhalitsa kogawidwa. Mavairasi ambiri oopsa ndi matenda a tizilombo amapezeka mosavuta kudzera m'matope a saliva, atalowa mkati mwa kupuma. Mu mawonekedwe awa, tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timatha kugwira ntchito kwa nthawi yaitali, kotero amatha kupeza zonyamulira zatsopano.
2. Kuthamanga msanga. Pambuyo polowa thupi, maselo amakhudzidwa chimodzimodzi, kupereka chofunikira chokhala ndi michere.
3. Kuvuta kwa kuthetsa. Sikuti nthawi zonse amadziwika momwe angachiritse matenda oteteza tizilombo, chifukwa chodziŵa bwino, kuthekera kwa kusintha kwabwino ndi zovuta pozindikira - panthawi yoyamba zimasokonezeka mosavuta ndi mavuto ena.

Zizindikiro za matenda a tizilombo

Maphunziro a matenda a tizilombo amatha kufanana molingana ndi mtundu wawo, koma pali zifukwa zambiri.

1. Fever. Zimaphatikizapo kuwonjezeka kwa kutentha kwa madigiri 38, popanda mitundu yochepa chabe ya kupititsa kwa ARVI. Ngati kutentha kuli kwakukulu, ndiye izi zikuwonetsa zamakono. Sichitha masabata awiri.
2. Rash. Matenda opatsirana a khungu amatsatiridwa ndi mawonetseredwe awa. Amatha kuoneka ngati mawanga, roseola ndi vesicles. Makhalidwe a ubwana, mumphuno akuluakulu sali ochepa.
3. Maningitis. Amakhala ndi enterovirusi ndi fuluwenza , nthawi zambiri ana amakumana nawo.
4. Kumwa mowa - kutaya njala, kunyoza, kupweteka mutu, kufooka ndi kuchepa. Zizindikiro izi za matenda a tizilombo ndi chifukwa cha poizoni wotulutsidwa ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda m'kati mwa ntchito. Mphamvu ya zotsatirazi zimadalira kukula kwa matenda, kulemera kwa ana, akuluakulu sangathe kuzizindikira.
5. Kutsekula m'mimba. Ndilo khalidwe la rotaviruses, chophimba ndi madzi, alibe magazi.

Matenda Achilombo Aumunthu - Lembani

N'zosatheka kutchula nambala yeniyeni ya mavairasi - amasintha nthawi zonse, ndikuwonjezera mndandanda wambiri. Matenda a chiwindi, mndandanda wa zomwe zafotokozedwa m'munsimu, ndi otchuka kwambiri.

1. Kuthamanga ndi kuzizira. Zizindikiro zawo ndi: kufooka, malungo, zilonda. Mankhwala osokoneza bongo amagwiritsidwa ntchito, mankhwala opha tizilombo amaonjezeranso kuwonjezera pa mabakiteriya.
2. Rubella. Diso, tsamba lopuma, ziwalo zamkati za kakhosi komanso khungu limagwa pansi. Amafalikira ndi njira ya mpweya, kuphatikizapo kutentha kwakukulu ndi khungu la khungu.
3. Amagwedeza. Njira yopuma yopweteka imakhudzidwa, nthawi zambiri, mavitamini amakhudzidwa ndi amuna.
4. Kutentha kwa dzuwa. Amayambitsa chiwindi ndi mitsempha ya magazi.
5. Zakudya. Ngozi kwa ana, imakhudza m'matumbo, tsamba la kupuma ndi khungu.
6. Laryngitis . Kaŵirikaŵiri zimachitika kumbuyo kwa mavuto ena.
7. Poliomyelitis. Amalowa m'magazi kudzera m'matumbo ndi kupuma, pamene ubongo umatha kufa.
8. Angina. Pali mitundu yambiri, yomwe imadziwika ndi kupweteka mutu, kutentha thupi kwambiri, kupwetekedwa mtima komanso kupweteka kwambiri.
9. Chiwindi cha chiwindi. Mitundu iliyonse imayambitsa khungu la chikasu, lakuda kwa mkodzo ndi kusayera kwa mpando, zomwe zimasonyeza kuphwanya ntchito zingapo za thupi.
10. Typhus. Kawirikawiri m'mayiko amasiku ano, zimakhudza kayendedwe ka kayendedwe kake, kamene kangabweretse ku thrombosis.
11. Chizindikiro. Pambuyo pa ululu wa ziwalo zoberekera, tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timalowa m'magulu ndi maso, kufalikirabe. Zakale zilibe zizindikiro, choncho kuyesedwa kawirikawiri n'kofunika.
12. Encephalitis. Ubongo wawonongeka, mankhwala sangathe kutsimikiziridwa, chiopsezo cha imfa ndi chachikulu.

Mavairasi owopsa kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi

Mndandanda wa mavairasi omwe amawopsa kwambiri ku thupi lathu:

1. Hantavirus. Wothandizira mankhwalawa amachokera ku makoswe, amachititsa mafupa osiyanasiyana, kufala pakati pa 12 mpaka 36%.
2. Influenza. Izi zikuphatikizapo mavairasi owopsa kwambiri omwe amadziwika kuchokera ku nkhani, zovuta zosiyana zingayambitse mliri, wamtundu wautali umakhudza ana achikulire ndi aang'ono.
3. Marburg. Opangidwa mu theka lachiwiri la zaka za zana la 20, ndi chifukwa cha kutentha kwa thupi. Amapatsirana kuchokera kwa nyama ndi anthu omwe ali ndi kachilombo.
4. Rotavirus . Ndicho chifukwa cha kutsekula m'mimba, chithandizo n'chosavuta, koma m'mayiko osawuka, ana okwana 450,000 amafa chaka chilichonse.
5. Ebola. Malingana ndi deta ya 2015, imfa ndi 42%, imafalitsidwa ndi kukhudzana ndi zakumwa za munthu wodwala. Zizindikiro ndi: kuwonjezeka kwakukulu kwa kutentha, kufooka, kupweteka mu minofu ndi mmero, phokoso, kutsegula m'mimba, kusanza, kutuluka magazi.
6. Dengue . Imfa imayerekezera ndi 50%, yomwe imadziwika ndi kuledzeretsa, kuthamanga, kutentha thupi, kutentha thupi. Kufalikira ku Asia, Oceania ndi Africa.
7. Nthomba. Zodziŵika kwa nthawi yaitali, zowopsa kwa anthu okha. Wodziwika ndi kuthamanga, kutentha thupi, kusanza ndi mutu. Mlandu wotsiriza wa matendawa unachitika mu 1977.
8. Amayi. Amasamutsidwa kuchokera ku zinyama zotentha, zimakhudza dongosolo lamanjenje. Pambuyo pooneka zizindikiro, kupambana kwa mankhwala sikungatheke.
9. Kutaya. Wothandizira mankhwalawa amanyamulidwa ndi makoswe, omwe amapezeka koyamba mu 1969 ku Nigeria. Impso zovuta, dongosolo la manjenje, limayambitsa myocarditis ndi matenda otsekemera. Mankhwalawa ndi ovuta, malungo amatenga anthu okwana 5,000 pachaka.
10. HIV. Kutumizirana kudzera mwa kukhudzana ndi zakumwa za munthu wodwala matenda. Popanda chithandizo, pali mwayi wokhala ndi moyo zaka 9-11, zomwe zimakhala zovuta kumakhala ndi kusintha kwa maselo.

Kulimbana ndi matenda a tizilombo

Kuvuta kwa nkhondoyi kumakhala kusintha kosatha kwa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda omwe amachititsa kuti chizoloŵezi chithandizo cha matenda a tizilombo chisagwire ntchito. Izi zimapangitsa kufufuza mankhwala atsopano, koma pakadali pano ya chitukuko cha mankhwala, miyeso yambiri imapangidwira mwamsanga, musanafike mliriwu. Njira zotsatirazi zasankhidwa:

• Etiotropic - Kuletsa kubereka kwa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda;
• chithandizo;
• kudziletsa.

Mankhwala ophera tizilombo toyambitsa matenda

Panthawi ya matendawa, chitetezo nthawi zonse chimadandaula, nthawi zina chiyenera kulimbikitsidwa kupha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Nthawi zina, ngati muli ndi matenda a tizilombo, ma antibayotiki amaphatikizidwanso. Ndikoyenera, pamene matenda a bakiteriya amalowa, omwe amafa pokhapokha. Ndi matenda opatsirana a tizilombo, kumwa mankhwalawa sikungowonjezera vutoli.

Kupewa matenda a tizilombo

1. Katemera ndi othandiza polimbana ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.
2. Kulimbikitsa chitetezo cha mthupi - kupewa matenda opatsirana pogwiritsa ntchito njirayi kumatanthauza kuuma, zakudya zabwino, kuthandizidwa ndi zowonjezera zomera.
3. Zisamaliro - kuchotsedwa kwa oyanjana ndi anthu odwala, kuchotsedwa kwa kugonana kosagonjetsedwa.