Mafilosofi a anthu ndi mtundu wa umunthu mufilosofi

Malingaliro aumulungu ndi sayansi yomwe imangoganizira za chiyanjano cha anthu ndi dziko loyandikana nawo, komanso mawonetsero a khalidwe la anthu. Ndizokhudza anthu pazinthu zake zonse, kutchulidwa kwa umunthu wa umunthu kumathandiza ntchito ya akatswiri a maganizo m'magulu osiyanasiyana.

Kodi "filosofi yachikhalidwe" ndi chiyani?

Katswiri wafilosofi ndi nthambi ya sayansi yomwe imayankha funso la mtundu wa anthu, ndi malo otanthawuza kuti munthu ndi wotani, ndondomeko yotani yomwe ingatchulidwe, ndi momwe anthu amachokera ku malo a dongosolo. Sayansi iyi inalengedwa mu Dziko Lakale, koma mu nyengo yosiyana inalandira maina angapo:

• miyambo;
• nzeru za ndale;
• nzeru za mbiri.

Kotero, potsiriza, monga sayansi yodziimira, yowonjezeredwa kokha m'zaka za zana la 19, mawu akuti "filosofi ya chikhalidwe" inayamba kufotokozedwa ndi Mfalansa Auguste Cohn. Ngati anthu akuyimira kukhala mgwirizano pakati pa anthu mu mawonetseredwe monga ndalama, chinenero, chikhalidwe ndi banja, nkhani zazikulu zomwe zasayansi amadzikonzera ndizo:

1. Kuyanjana pakati pa anthu ndi anthu.
2. Mphamvu za munthu payekha.

Ntchito za filosofi ya anthu

Mafilosofi a anthu akhala akuyesetsa kufotokoza ndi kumvetsa moyo wokhudzana ndi anthu, kupereka chithunzi chathunthu cha dziko, chikhalidwe ndi umunthu. Sayansiyi imagwiritsidwa ntchito pamene pakufunika kupeza njira yothetsera mavuto, ndipo maganizo atsopano amafunika. Asayansi amanena kuti chikhalidwe chokhala ndi filosofi chimapitirizabe ntchito yofunika kwambiri, popeza ikulingalira momwe chikhalidwe cha anthu - banja, chigwirizano, umunthu, ndi zandale, zauzimu, zakuthupi, zochitika za dziko lonse.

Chikhalidwe cha filosofi chimatsimikiziridwa ndi ntchito zisanu:

1. Zoganizira . Amaphunzira momwe chidziwitso cha chikhalidwe cha anthu komanso kukhalali chikugwirizanirana.
2. Kusanthula . Kusanthula zomwe mungachite kuti mupange chitukuko cha anthu.
3. Kutsatsa . Kukulitsa zochitika zamtsogolo zomwe zingatheke kutsutsana ndi kusamvana pakati pa anthu.
4. Maphunziro . Amapereka mitu yophunzira asayansi ndi ophunzira.
5. Cholinga . Kukulitsa mapulojekiti kuti asinthe chenicheni mwa zofuna za gulu kapena mtundu wina.

Njira zafilosofi

Njira zamakono zafilosofi ya anthu zathandiza akatswiri kuti asamangoganizira zokhazokha zochitika zandale zovuta, komanso kuwonetsera mtundu wa umunthu. Njira imeneyi ndi yothandiza kwambiri kwa akatswiri a maganizo ndi akatswiri a ntchito payekha ndi ogwira ntchito limodzi ndi anthu. Masiku ano njira zofunikira izi zimapangidwa:

1. Kuwunika kuyendetsa . Wofufuzirayo akuyambidwira palimodzi, monga mmodzi wa antchito kapena olimbikitsa gululo, kuti apange chithunzi chamkati. Zochepa: sizingatheke kutsogolera njirayi.
2. Chiyeso cha anthu . Kuphunzira kwa chinthucho muzochitika zolengedwa. Kuphatikizapo: mukhoza kubwereza mowonjezereka chifukwa cha kuyera kwa kuyesera. Zochepa: njira yovuta ya njira zoyesera ndi zolakwika. Ikuphatikizapo kufotokozera momwe zinthuzo sizikupezeka kapena zinthuzo zanenedweratu.

Mitundu yaumunthu yaumulungu mufilosofi

Malingaliro a filosofi apangitsa kuti zitheke kufotokozera mitundu yambiri ya umunthu wa umunthu . Sayansi imayang'ana malo awiri: pazochitika zamasewera komanso pazomwe zimadalira munthu pa ufulu. Malo oyambirira amaimira mitundu:

1. Ziwerengerozo . Anthu okhala ndi luso lapadera, omwe chidwi chawo cha anthu - pachiyambi.
2. Malingaliro . Anthu omwe ali ndi zolinga zaulere amayamba kufunafuna njira zowonjezera dziko lapansi.
3. Zosangalatsa . Oimira ojambula omwe amadziwa bwino zinthu zonse zenizeni.
4. Anthu . Wachisoni, wofunitsitsa kupulumutsa anthu ku maonekedwe oipa.

Udindo wachiwiri umaganizira njira zoterezi:

1. Malingana ndi zofuna za anthu , chitsanzo chabwino ndi kugwirizana kwa zaka za m'ma 1900.
2. Malingana ndi maudindo anu enieni kapena achibale anu.
3. Ufulu waulere . Zochita popanda kulemekeza malamulo alionse ndi zolakwika.

Wogwira ntchito

Munthu yemwe ali mu filosofi ya chikhalidwe cha anthu amalingaliridwabe ndi chitsanzo cha khalidwe, mmodzi wa iwo ndi wothandizana nawo. Ndi umunthu umene sungakhalepo popanda gulu, iwo amafunika kukhala nthawi zonse pakati pa zochitika. Iwo ali ndi chisangalalo, owonetsetsa kwambiri magulu amtunduwu amayamikiridwa kwambiri mmagulu amtundu, chifukwa:

• amatha kumvetsera ndikupeza mfundo zolondola;
• amatha kukonza gulu pachithunzi chirichonse;
• amatha kukhazikitsa ndi kukhazikitsa malingaliro atsopano;
• akhoza kukoka ena, kukhazikitsa maubwenzi mu gulu kukhala abwino;
• amatha kutsogolera gulu lonse, komanso makamaka umunthu pamakambirano achinsinsi.

Wodzikonda

Munthu wokhala payekha palimodzi ndi chinthu chofala, munthu woteroyo akhoza kugwira ntchito pagulu, koma nthawi yomweyo amakhala yekha. Kawirikawiri anthu ali ndi luso, koma osakwatiwa, zonse zimadalira kukula kwake. Ntchito zawo zidzakhala zothandiza kwa anthu ngati:

• adzakhala ndi udindo wa kutsogolo kwa ntchito, popanda kuphatikizapo anthu ena;
• Kusiyanitsa kwa anzako sikungayambe kunyalanyaza zofuna za gulu;

Solidarist

Pali mtundu wina wa umunthu, khalidwe la mtundu uliwonse - solidarist. Makhalidwe a solidarist mu filosofi ya chikhalidwe ndi mtundu wa mgwirizano pakati pa multimist ndi munthu aliyense. Amatchedwanso mafilimu - omwe amayesa kukhala m'katikati. Makhalidwe omwe ali ndi umunthu wotere:

• amazindikira kulingana kwa anthu, ndi ufulu wa boma ku magawano a anthu;
• akufuna kukhala wokoma ndi nthawi yomweyo - kukhala muchisangalalo;
• amayesetsa kudzipulumutsa okha , popanda kuponyera pakudzikana kuti asamamvere mavuto onse a ena.