Kugula malonda pamsika, nthawi zina sitimvetsetsa chifukwa chake chakudya chophika chimakhala chosangalatsa kwambiri, monga nthawi zonse. Ngakhalenso beets wamba amakhudza kukoma kwa borscht ngati mizu ya mbeu siisankhidwe bwino. Pophika, mitundu ya beetroot imagwiritsidwa ntchito, iwo amatha kudzitamandira bwino kwambiri.
Pepala la beet - khalidwe
Kusankha masamba okoma pamsika wamsika, wina ayenera kukumbukira zenizeni za beet tebulo. Musathamangitse kukula - chimanga chokwanira chachikulu chokhala ndi miyeso yapamwamba chikhonza kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa mitundu ya chakudya, cholinga chanu - kukula kwake. Kukoma kumadalira kwambiri nthawi ya kucha kwa masamba:
- Mitengo yakucha kucha nthawi yakubala masiku 50-80, koma sangathe kudzitamandira chifukwa cha makhalidwe abwino;
- Kuyambira pakati kumatenga masiku pafupifupi 100 kuti zipse, makamaka mwazo ndizokolola;
- Mitengo yamasika idzakhala yaitali komanso yosungidwa, idzasangalatsa ndi kukoma kwawo.
Kukonzekera kwa beets tebulo
Kawirikawiri Dacha amasankha mitundu yosiyanasiyana. Koma alimi aliwonse omwe amamera masamba ogulitsidwa amathera nthawi yochuluka pa nkhaniyi. Mitundu yoyambirira ya beetroot idzapereka phindu mofulumira, koma nthawi zonse sichidzakolola. Ndikofunika kupeza mndandanda wa zizindikiro zomwe zimapangidwira kutentha, nthawi yaitali yosungirako ndikutsutsana ndi matenda ndi tizilombo toononga - zonsezi ndizitsimikizo zapadera za zokolola zambiri.
Komabe, ngakhale posankha mtundu woyenera ndi kuyambitsa feteleza, malo a chilimwe amalola zolakwika zingapo:
- Kusankha malo a mbewu m'munda sikusintha chaka ndi chaka. Kuzungulira kasinthasintha ndi kofunikira, chifukwa ndi njira yeniyeni yopangira masamba. Ngati m'chaka chomwechi beetroot yabzalidwa pamalo amodzi, ndiye kuti iyenera kuonekera kokha pambuyo pa zaka zitatu.
- Zolemba za masamba onse zimakhudza mwachindunji kukula. Kwa beet, malo omwe radish, saladi ndi chimanga zinali zitakula kale, sizigwira ntchito. Mizu yazitsamba imakonda nthaka yachonde, ndipo chikhalidwe chawo chachitalichi chachepa kwambiri.
- Mbewu zitatha kumera zimafuna malo okwanira kuti zikule: ndizomwe zimabzala, zochepa zipatso zimakhala, zokolola zimachepa.
Ma tebulo osiyanasiyana
M'madera aliwonse a dzikolo, eni ake a dacha ndi eni ake a famu ayenera kusankha mitundu mwa kuyesa ndi zolakwika. Vuto ndiloti masamba omwe ali m'madera amodzi amatha kubereka zokolola, ndipo nthawi imodzimodzi amakhumudwitsa wamaluwa m'madera ena. Ndikofunika kuti tipeze mndandanda, kumene mitundu yabwino ya tebulo yazitsulo imasonyezedwa, komanso kuti mufunse za zofunikira kuti zikhale ndi zotsatira zabwino.
Pepala beet "Bordeaux"
"Bordeaux" ndizosiyana komanso zosiyana. Mitundu yonse ya tebulo ya mtundu uwu idzakhala ndi zofanana. Maonekedwe a fetus amavomerezedwa, ndi ozungulira. Amagwiritsira ntchito pafupipafupi ponena za kusasitsa, ndipo uwu ndi mwayi wa chikhalidwe kuti udzipereke mu zamkati shuga wambiri. Mtundu wa zamkatiwu umagwirizana ndi dzina: ndi mdima ndipo umakhala wolemera kwambiri mu burgundy-red hue. Momwemo muzomwe zilili, beetroot imakondwera ndi kuchuluka kwa zokolola, m'nyengo yozizira zipatso zimasungidwa popanda kusintha kukoma ndi maonekedwe.
Pepala la beet "Cylinder"
Mtundu wodabwitsa wa mizu ndizosiyana ndi onse oimira mtundu wa Erfurda. Mitundu yambiri ya ndiwo zamasamba, pakati pawo, ndiwo wamaluwa, amayamba kukula patapita kanthawi ndithu atayang'ana pamsika. Chitsulocho chinalandira dzina lake moyenerera, chifukwa mawonekedwe ake osiyana amasiyanitsa ndi ena onse. Ndipo ngakhale izi sizinapangitse izi zosiyanasiyana kufunika pakati wamaluwa:
- Mtundu wabwino wa masamba umatha kuteteza nyengo yokolola m'nyengo yozizira popanda kuwonongeka;
- Beet ndi zokoma ndipo mankhwala amatha kutentha mosavuta, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti kuphika ndipangidwe bwino.
Pepala la beet "Mulatto"
"Mulatto" idzakondweretsa okwera galimoto ndi kudzichepetsa: amakula ndi khalidwe labwino komanso zizindikiro. Mofanana ndi mitundu yonse yosiyanasiyana ya tebulo, "Mulatto" imapsa masiku makumi atatu ndi makumi atatu chitatha. Chinthu chosiyana ndi muzu wa mbeu ndi chofewa, choyera pa khungu. Zina mwa ubwino wa malo a chilimwe zidzakhala zosangalatsa:
- Zipatso za zipatso zimangofika pamtunda mazana atatu;
- mu gawo la beet wodzala ndi burgundy mtundu, sikutayika ngakhale pakuphika;
- Zomwe zimayambira muzu wa zitsamba pokhapokha palibenso mphete zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pamtunduwu.
Pepala la beet "Pablo"
Njira yothetsera mafakitale. Pakati pa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya ndiwo zamasamba, zambiri zimakhala bwino, ndipo patebulo "Pablo" ndizokhazikitsidwa bwino. Mitengo yochapa imangolekerera mosavuta kutentha ndipo imasinthasintha kuti ikhale yopanda chinyezi. Mndandanda wa matendawo umakhalabe "wotetezeka" kwa Pablo, izi zosiyanasiyana ndi zosinthika, ndipo ngakhale dothi labwino silofunika kwambiri. Kutenga chipatso mmanja mwanu, mudzamva kulimba ndi mphamvu za khungu. Izi zathandiza kuti mizu ikhale yoyenera yosungirako nthawi yaitali popanda kutaya kukoma.
Zakudya za "Egypt" zowonjezera
Mtundu wa "Aiguputo" unapatsa dzina lake mitundu yake. Pakati pa oimira magulu a beetti, "Plain Egypt" zosiyanasiyana zimadziwika. Maonekedwe a mizu mbewu inapatsa dzina ndikudziwitsanso khalidwe lalikulu - liri lozungulira ndi lodziwika bwino, mituyo ndi yaing'ono. Sewerope ikhoza kudzitama ndi zinthu ndi ubwino wotere:
- Beetroot ndi zokoma, zipatso zake zimapangidwa mofulumira kwambiri;
- mphete zowonongeka pamasamba sizowoneka, iyeyo ndi wofiira;
- Chimake ndi mivi sizosiyana ndi izi, ndipo izi zimalankhula mwachikondi ndi juiciness zamkati;
- Kusiya kumakhala kokwanira kwa nthawi yaitali, koma mu kufotokozera ndilo gawo la yosungirako yosungirako.
Kukula tebulo la beets
Chikhalidwe chilichonse mufotokozedwe chimasonyeza zinthu zomwe zokolola ndi khalidwe zidzapindulitsidwa. Kwa beets, parameter yofunika kwambiri ndi nthaka: teknoloji yokulitsa beets ya chipinda chodyera ndi yosavuta, koma mukhoza kuyembekezera kupambana pokhapokha mutapanga malo okonzeka bwino. Kuyamba kufesa feteleza kumapangitsa kuti zokololazo zikhale bwino, koma maonekedwe enieni a nthaka amachititsa kulemera kwa masamba pa hekitala.
Pankhani ya dothi la sod-podzolic, kuyambitsa feteleza zamkuwa kumabweretsa zokolola nthawi zina, nthawi zina, kumalankhula za kuwonjezeka kambiri pa zizindikiro. Ngati kulima kukonzedwa pa leached chernozems, molybdenum ndi cobalt akuwonjezeredwa. Ndikofunika kuti nthaka isakhale yodalirika, ichi ndicho chikhalidwe chokha chimene chiri chofunikira kwambiri.
Ndibwino kuti mukuwerenga Kodi mungabzala beets tebulo?
Zothandiza ndi zokondedwa ndi masamba onse omwe amaloledwa kubzala zonse m'nyengo yam'masika ndi yozizira. Zomwe zimafesedwa pa beet tebulo zimadalira mbeu, mitundu:
- Kukolola koyambirira kumabzala m'dzinja kumayambiriro kwa November, ndiloledwa kubzala mbewu kumayambiriro kwa mwezi wa April;
- Ngati ndizokolola, zomwe zikukonzekera kusungidwa kwa nthawi yaitali, mbewuyo imakhala nthawi yayitali pambuyo pa khumi pa mwezi wa May komanso mpaka zaka khumi zachiwiri za mwezi wa May (sizingatheke, chifukwa mbeu yozizira mu nthaka yozizira sidzabala zipatso, koma imapangidwira).
Pepala la beet - chisamaliro chapadera
Kukula beet wokoma ndi khalidwe, muyenera kupewa zolakwika zazikulu:
- Kulephera kwa kuwala kumayambiriro kwa kukula kumakhudza kukula kwa kamwana ndi kumera kwa mbewu;
- Chinyezi chochuluka ndi choopsa kwambiri kuposa kusowa kwawo, chifukwa zowola mizu zidzabwera mofulumira;
- Kutsika kwa kutentha mu gawo loyamba la kukula kumabweretsa kuwombera.
Kuzungulira kasinthasintha kumakhala chinthu chodziwika bwino cha agrotechnical pakati pa anthu a chilimwe omwe ali ndi chidziwitso. Poyamba, iwo adanyalanyazidwa, m'nthawi yathu ino ndi maziko a zofunikira. Kumene amawubergine, tsabola kapena tomato anakula, ndi malo abwino odzala beet kwa nyengo yotsatira ndi kompositi . Pambuyo pa beet, pafupifupi miyambo yonse ya dacha imakula bwino. Mbewu iyi imakonda kuwala, pamphepete mwazithunzi sizimayenderana nayo.
Kuyeretsa beet
Kulakwitsa kawirikawiri kwa achikulire osadziŵa zambiri ndiko kuswedwa kwa masamba m'chilimwe. Ena amagwiritsa ntchito masamba pofuna kukonzekera msuzi a chilimwe, ena amakhulupirira molakwika kuti njirayi masamba adzapangitsa mphamvu zonse kuzu ndi kukula mofulumira. Ndipotu izi zimachepetsanso khalidwe ndi kusunga khalidwe la mizu. Zomera zonse, ndi beetroot ndizosiyana, iwo ali ndi zofuna zawo zokha kukolola.
Chiyambi chikugwa pakati pa Septhemba, chifukwa cha mitundu ina iyi ndiyo kutha kwa mwezi, pamene kucha kukupitirira. Mukakhala kunja kwa chisanu cha 5 ° C ndi nyengo yozizira, ichi ndi chizindikiro chotsimikizika cha kufika kwa nthawi yokolola. Anthu omwe ali m'chaka cha chilimwe adanena kuti m'malo mocheka, ndi bwino kupotoza nsongazo. Njira yosavuta yosunga zokolola mumabokosi ndi osakanikirana ndi mchenga. Alimi odziwa zambiri ali ndi zinsinsi zawo:
- M'dzinja lotentha kwambiri kuti muzuke muzu wosafunika, kotero thupi lidzakhala lolimba.
- Nyengo yophulika imakhala yofulumira kwambiri m'chilimwe chomwe chimakhala ndi misonkho, chifukwa chinyezi chochulukitsa chimawononga kwambiri kukoma kwa masamba. Mthunzi umachepetsanso moyo wa alumali, nthawi zina amachititsa kuti zipatso zisawonongeke.
- Koma mvula yowuma ndi yozizira ingakuthandizeni kuti musinthe pang'ono nthawi yosonkhanitsira, chifukwa pansi pa beet chipinda chodyera chidzapulumutsidwa bwino kuposa m'chipinda chapansi pa nyumba.
Matenda a beets tebulo
Mitundu yamakono yamakono imagonjetsedwa ndi matenda ambiri, koma wokhala m'nyengo ya chilimwe akuyenera kudziwa m'mene akuyang'ana pa nthawi yake. Zida za beet tebulo zimakhudza maonekedwe a matenda ena:
- Ngati pali njala ya boron m'nthaka, phomosis imayamba. Ichi ndi vuto lalikulu, pamene nthawi ya kukula mumsewu muli nyengo ndi mvula yaing'ono ndi ubweya. Pa masamba akuwonekera brownish ndi chikasu mawanga, ndiye wakuda madontho. Kupewa mavuto kungakuthandizeni kupezeka mu nthaka borax.
- Nkhokwe-spores kapena spotting ndi zotsatira za njira zolakwika zaulimi. Kupewa vutoli kungakuthandizeni kubzala pamalo omwe alimi omwe amakula kale omwe sagwirizana ndi cercosporosis, kuchotsa mosamala namsongole. Mu maphunzirowo muli mitundu yolimba ndi fungicides.
- Ngati mukukula beets kumadera otsika, panthaka yosauka, musachoke ku mizu ya chimanga. Matenda opatsiranawa amachititsa kuti mbewu zisawonongeke: zimayambira zimakhala zakuda, pang'onopang'ono kufa. Kupewa vutoli kumathandiza kuchepetsa nthaka, peating peat.