Mu psychology, pali mawu ambiri, tanthawuzo lake lomwe siliwonekera nthawizonse. Chimodzi mwa zoterezi ndi kupulumuka. M'Chingelezi amatanthauza "kupulumutsidwa", "kuthawa". Escapism ikuwonetsedwa ndi chikhumbo chothawa kuchoka ku chenicheni ndikukhala m'dziko lanu losalingalira.
Escapism - ndi chiyani?
Escapism ndizochitika zokhudzana ndi chikhalidwe, zomwe ziri ndi chilakolako cha munthu kapena gulu la anthu kuti athetse miyezo yomwe anthu ambiri amavomereza. Chifukwa cha kupulumutsidwa ndi funso la kulondola ndi kubwereza kachiwiri zikhalidwe zomwe amavomerezedwa ndi anthu, kutembenuzidwa mu mfundo zina. Chinthu chachikulu chomwe chimachitika chifukwa cha zochitika zoterezi ndizopangitsa anthu kuti azifa, monga momwe zinaliri kale, pamene chilango cha milandu yakupha chinali kuthamangitsidwa.
Escapism - Psychology
Escapism in psychology sikuti ndi matenda osiyana. Mawu a zamankhwala samagwiritsa ntchito mawu awa, koma nthawi zina izi zimawonetseredwa ngati mania. Mpaka munthu atha kudzilamulira yekha komanso osamira mu dziko lopanda pake, sali pangozi. Escapism ingakhale yogwira ntchito kapena yosasamala. M'tchito yogwira ntchito, imawonekera:
- ntchito;
- phunziro;
- masewera.
Kuthamangitsidwa kopanda pake kukuwonetseredwa:
- kusinkhasinkha;
- kuwerenga mabuku;
- kuyang'ana mafilimu.
Escapism - Zimayambitsa
Escapism monga chitukuko chodziwika bwino chingadziwonetsere mwa njira zosiyanasiyana. Kaŵirikaŵiri ndilo loto kapena masewera a malingaliro kapena malingaliro. Poyesa kukhazikitsa dziko langwiro lozungulira iwo, anthu akale amadza ndi zipembedzo kapena zipembedzo zomwe aliyense amaloŵa m'malo mwake. Komabe, palinso zifukwa zowonjezereka zowonetsera kupulumuka. Izi zingakhale kusokonezeka maganizo kapena kugwiritsira ntchito malingaliro osafunikira.
Maiko oterewa akuwonetsedwa m'mafani a mtundu wa malingaliro, otchova njuga ndi osewera mafilimu. Anthu awa amalowetsedwa mu dziko lawo lopangika kuti ndizovuta kwambiri kubwerera ku zenizeni. Nthaŵi zina, vutoli lingayambitse kupulumukira koopsa. Pakati pa umunthu wodalirika, akatswiri amatha kusiyanitsa anthu omwe amathawa kuthawa, omwe amalephera kuchoka ku zinthu zomwe zimathera ndi vuto la m'maganizo kapena m'maganizo, komanso omwe amatha kukhala ndi nthawi yeniyeni komanso "kubwerera".
Kodi kupulumuka koopsa ndi kotani?
Malinga ndi olemba ambiri a zolemba zachipatala, zizindikiro za kuthawa ndi autism ndi zofanana. Ovomerezeka sangathe kusonkhana ndi kukhazikitsa mgwirizano ndi dziko lakunja. Escapism - "matenda" a malingaliro, omwe "odwala" sangathe kubwerera kudziko lenileni. Chidziwikiritso chachikulu cha izi zikutanthauza kuti zovuta, mosiyana ndi anthu opulumuka, alibe dziko lamkati.
Escapism - kuchotsa bwanji?
Chifukwa cha mankhwala ovomerezeka kuti apeze yankho la funso: "Escapism - ndi chiyani icho?" Sichidzapambana, njira zoyenera kuzichotsera izo ziyenera kuyang'anidwa payekha. Ngati mumvetsetsa kuti malingaliro anu amakulepheretsa kukhala ndi moyo, muyenera kuyesa kuchotsa "magalasi owala" ndikubwezeretsanso. Kuti mupeze njira yanu momwe mungapiririre moyo wopulumuka, muyenera kusanthula mosamala moyo wanu, dzikanizeni kuti mulowe m'dziko lanu. Dzifunseni nokha mndandanda wa milandu ndi kukhazikitsidwa kwa malingaliro ang'onoang'ono. Ndi kukhazikitsa kwawo mumoyo simudzakhala ndi nthawi yonyenga.
Escapism mu cinema
M'dziko lamakono muli zitsanzo zambiri za kuthawa. Singaoneke kokha mkhalidwe wa anthu enieni, komanso m'mabuku ndi mafilimu. Zitsanzo zochepa zokhudzana ndi kuthawa kwa mafilimu:
- "Okonda" (France, 1958) - nkhani yokhudza mkango wa dziko Jeanne Tournier, yemwe savutika ndi zofooka zakuthupi ndipo amakhala ndi moyo wosangalala, koma alibe mphesa zomwe zingamuthandize kuti akhale ndi moyo.
- "Bambo pa ulendo wamalonda" (Yugoslavia, 1985) - filimu yopyolera mwa mwana wazaka zisanu ndi chimodzi, yemwe mwanjira iyi akufotokozera kupezeka kwa papa nthawi yayitali pafupi naye.
- "Olota" (Great Britain-Italy-France, 2003) - Achinyamata atatu amakhala m'dziko lawo, ayang'anirani mafilimu ndipo samvetsera mawonetsero m'misewu, zomangira nyumba.
- "Zamoyo zakumwamba" (New Zealand, 1994) - filimu yokhudza moyo "watsopanowo" wa msungwana wa sukulu wa polin, yemwe adasintha kuchokera pamene Juliet anali wophunzira naye limodzi ndi dziko lake labwino.