Logotherapy - kamodzi kamodzi m'moyo munthu aliyense amafunikira mtundu uwu wa maganizo. Mavuto okhudzana ndi zaka zambiri amachititsa kuti munthu asathenso kutanthawuza, ndipo izi zikufanana ndi dziko limene nthaka imachotsedwa pansi pa mapazi.
Logotherapy mu maganizo
Logotherapy ndi existential kufufuza ndi njira zopezeka m'maganizo mwathu zomwe zakhala zikuchokera ku psychoanalysis. Logotherapy amachokera ku Greek. ma logos - mawu, therapeia - chisamaliro, chisamaliro. Akatswiri a zamaganizo-ologotherapists amawona kuti ndi ntchito yawo kuthandiza anthu kupeza zowonongeka kapena kupanga zatsopano. Zovomerezeka kwambiri logotherapy pa chithandizo cha mphuno.
Woyambitsa logotherapy
Frankl akulemba mwachidule kuti: "Munthu nthawi zonse amafunika kutsanzira zochitika zake, zochita zake, zochitika zake, zochita zake." Logotherapy inakhazikitsidwa ndi Victor Frankl, katswiri wa zamaganizo wa ku Austria ndi katswiri wa zamaganizo amene adadutsa msasa wa ndende ku Germany. Njira zake zonse zidutsa mwa iyemwini ndipo akaidi awonetsa kuti ali ndi mphamvu, kuti mulimonse momwe wina angapulumuke ndi kunena moyo: "Inde!".
Logotherapy - kufufuza
Mfundo zofunikira za Frankl's logotherapy zimachokera pa phunziro lake komanso kufaniziridwa kwa munthu monga chitsanzo chachitatu, m'lingaliro losakanikirana ichi ndizo maziko aumunthu ndi thupi la munthu payekha, komanso muzomwe zimakhala zozizwitsa zauzimu. Palimodzi, izi ndizomwe sizingatheke. Zauzimu zimasiyanitsa munthu ndi nyama. Magulu onse atatuwa ali pamabvuto pakati pa zamoyo zamkati ndi dziko lapansi, chilakolako chakumvetsetsa chatsopano, kupeza tanthauzo latsopano mmalo mwa zosavuta ndilo cholinga cha munthu.
Mitundu ya logotherapy
Mitundu ndi njira za logotherapy zimaphatikizidwa ndi V. V. Frankl, koma kusadziwika kwa zomwe zavutika ndi kuyesedwa mwa zikwi za anthu zikusonyeza kuti njirazo zikugwira ntchito ndi zothandiza lerolino. mitundu ya njira zamagetsi:
- cholinga chodabwitsa;
- dereflexia;
- loganalysis.
Ntchito za logotherapy
Mfundo za logotherapy zimazindikira ntchito yake yaikulu: kukhala ndi tanthauzo laumwini, kumathandiza kupitiliza, kulenga, kukonda ndi kukondedwa. Tanthauzolo lingapezekedwe mwa chimodzi mwa magawo atatu: chidziwitso, chidziwitso cha mtima, kuvomereza zochitika zomwe munthu sangasinthe. Choyambirira pa zikhulupiliro V. Frankl amapereka chidziwitso, kufotokozera munthu ngati Mlengi. Ndipo mu zochitika zamalingaliro - chikondi.
Zizindikiro za kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa logotherapy
Logotherapy yapangidwa kuti anthu akhale odwala komanso odwala, cholinga cha logotherapy sikumangopatsa munthu tanthawuzo limene wodwalayo akuwona, koma kuthandiza kuthandizira, udindo wonse uli ndi wodwalayo. V. Frankl adalongosola mbali zisanu za kugwiritsa ntchito logotherapy:
- matenda a psychogenic neuroses;
- osatetezedwe kuchipatala matenda opatsirana;
- zochitika zachikhalidwe za anthu (kumverera kwachabechabe, chitukuko chokhalapo);
- kukayikira kwaumunthu (maatrogenic neuroses, zokhumudwitsa);
- kukhumudwa.
Frankl's Logotherapy - mfundo zofunika
Frankl's logotherapy inasonyeza kuti zakhala zogwira mtima pa milandu yooneka ngati yonyalanyaza pamene munthuyo anali kunena kuti akudwala matenda a maganizo. Frankl ankakhulupirira kuti ngakhale kusintha kwakukulu kwa umunthu kumakhala ndi thanzi labwino, ndipo kufikitsa mbali iyi ya umunthu kumathandiza kuthetsa matendawa, ngakhale kuchepetsa kukhululukidwa, ndipo mwabwino kwambiri kumabweretsa kuchira.
Mfundo za logotherapy:
- Ufulu wa chifuniro . Munthu ali ndi ufulu kupanga zosankha zilizonse, kupanga chisankho chodziwikiratu pogwiritsa ntchito matenda kapena thanzi, kuzindikira izi, kusanthula kulikonse sikuli chiganizo, koma kufufuza tanthauzo la chifukwa cha matendawa, chifukwa cha zomwe akufuna kuwonetsa.
- Kodi mungamvetsetse . Ufulu ndi chinthu chopanda tanthauzo lake, mpaka munthu atha kukhala ndi chikhumbo chakutanthawuza komanso kumanga cholinga. Mavuto onse amaperekedwa ndi cholinga chomwecho.
- Tanthauzo la moyo . Zimakhazikitsidwa ndi mfundo ziwiri zoyambirira ndipo aliyense ali ndiyekha, ngakhale aliyense ali ndi lingaliro lofanana. Tanthauzo lofunika kwambiri la moyo ndikuti mudzipange nokha bwino, ndipo kwa ena zidzakhala zolimbikitsa kupeza tanthawuzo lanu ndi kuyesetsa kuti mudziwe bwino.
Njira za Frankl za logotherapy
Njira za logotherapy zatsimikiziridwa pazochiza matenda osiyanasiyana a mphutsi, mitsempha, nkhaŵa yosadziwika. Chidziwitso chokwanira cha logotherapy chimabwera pamene munthu akukhulupirira kuti wothandizira amapita limodzi ndi iye pa chilengedwe. Pali njira zitatu za logotherapy:
- Cholinga chodabwitsa . Munthu amaopa chinachake chimene chimavuta moyo wake. Njira iyi imathandiza kukumana maso ndi maso ndi mantha anu, kukomana naye, kuchita zoopsya, kulimbikitsa mantha anu ku mfundo yovuta, yankhani funso lakuti: "Ndi chiyani choipitsitsa chimene chimachitika ngati ndikuganiza / sindidzachita?"
- Dereflexia , njira yomwe imayambitsidwa pofuna kuchiza hyperreflexia ndi kulamulira, imagwiritsidwa ntchito moyenera pofuna kuchiza anorgasmia yaikazi, kusinthira kwa iweeni, nkhawa ndi kuganizira kwa mnzanuyo, pali vuto lakutsutsana ndi zomwe ena akuyembekeza ndi kumasula kulamulira kwa hyper.
- Loganalysis ndizofotokozera mwatsatanetsatane za moyo wa munthu, kulola logotherapist kuti apeze tanthauzo laumwini. Neuroses, nkhawa ndi mantha zimatha.
Logotherapy - Zochita
Logotherapy ndi njira yothandizira kutsogolera mbali zomveka za moyo wa munthu, zomwe angagwiritse ntchito kuti atuluke kuphompho kwa kutaya tanthauzo la moyo. Logotherapy - njira ndi masewero olimbikitsa (malingaliro, malingaliro, tsankho), ntchito ndi zithunzi:
- Moto . Chizindikiro cha moto ndizo moyo ndi imfa. Kodi munthu amawona moto wotani mumalingaliro ake, mwinamwake ndikutuluka kwa kandulo kapena nyali mu ndende yamdima, kulumikiza nkhuni pamoto kapena moto? Kodi alipo omwe akuyang'ana pamoto - mabwenzi onsewa angathe kufotokoza zambiri za maganizo a munthuyo.
- Madzi . Tangoganizani dziwe lomwe liri: nyanja, mtsinje, akhoza nyanja. Mtundu wa madzi ndi kutuluka kwa mvula yamkuntho kapena yamtendere pamadzi - ngakhale anthu omwe ali ndi zovuta za malingaliro, fano la madzi limayimilira mosavuta. Malingana ndi madzi omwe munthuyo ali: pamphepete mwa nyanja, kapena kuyima m'madzi, akuyandama? Ndikumverera kotani ? Kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi kumathandiza kupumula ndikukhala ndi maganizo abwino komanso zovuta zenizeni.
- Mtengo . Munthu ali ngati mtengo, kotero ndikofunika chizindikiro chake cha mtengo chomwe amachiwona. Kodi ndi mmera wochepa, wothamanga mu mphepo, kapena mtengo waukulu, wozama kwambiri mu kuya kwa mizu yake, ndi kuthamangira pamwamba ndi korona yofalitsa? Kodi ndizokha, kapena pali ena ozungulira? Zonsezi: masamba, thunthu, nkhani ya korona. Chithunzicho chingasinthidwe ndikuwonjezeredwa, kumuthandiza munthuyo kulimbitsa.
Njira zamagulu za logotherapy:
- "Ndine wokondwa pamene ..." ndikupitirizabe mwachindunji, mawu owonjezereka, abwino, mwamuna amachitira bwino ndikusiya kumuzindikira, zochitikazo zimathandiza kupeza bwino izi m'moyo wake.
- Kudziona bwino nokha ndi ena. Mmodzi aliyense wa gulu ayenera, ndikutamanda yekha chifukwa cha chinachake, ndiye kuti apereke chiyamiko kwa munthu wokhalapo, izi ziyenera kumveka moona mtima.
Logotherapy - mabuku
Victor Frankl "Logotherapy ndi tanthauzo la kukhalapo. Nkhani ndi zokambirana »- bukuli likukhudzana ndi chiyambi ndi kupanga logotherapy monga njira ya psychotherapeutic. Mabuku a wolemba wina:
- " Nenani moyo" Inde! "Katswiri wa zamaganizo m'ndende yozunzirako anthu ." Ntchitoyi imaonedwa kuti ndi yayikulu ndipo imakhudza tsogolo la anthu. Ngakhale mkhalidwe waumunthu wa msasa wa Nazi, munthu akhoza kupulumuka chifukwa cha mphamvu ya mzimu ndikupeza tanthauzo lake.
- " Munthu akufunafuna tanthauzo ." Kodi tanthauzo la moyo ndi imfa ya munthu kapena zozizwitsa: chikondi , kuvutika, udindo, ufulu, chipembedzo-izi ndizo V. Frankl amakhulupirira mu ntchito yake.
- " Kuvutika ndi kupanda pake kwa moyo. Matenda a maganizo a m'maganizo ». Bukhuli lidzathandiza anthu omwe ataya chidwi ndi moyo. V.Frankl akufufuza zomwe zimayambitsa kutayika kwa matanthawuzo ndipo amapereka maphikidwe pofuna kuchotsa malingaliro opweteka a zenizeni.
Mabuku a otsatira a V. Frankl:
- " Logotherapy othandizira akatswiri. Ntchito ya anthu imakhala ndi tanthawuzo. "D. Guttman. Pulofesa wa psychological existence ali ndi moyo wopindulitsa tsiku ndi tsiku, akupitiriza ntchito ya V. Frankl, kuthandiza anthu ambiri kukhulupirira kuti moyo wawo ndi mphatso, ndipo zochitika zonse mmenemo zili ndi tanthauzo lalikulu.
- " Logotherapy: maziko osamvetsetseka ndi zitsanzo zothandiza " A. Battiani, S. Shtukarev. Njira yochiritsira ya logotherapy mukuchitapo kanthu, momwe izo zimachitikira, ndi njira ziti zomwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito - bukhu ili limanena za zonsezi.