Chomera ichi, cholingalira zosasangalatsa, sichipezeka kawirikawiri m'madera ozizira - malinga ndi ambiri, amakula m'madera otentha okha. Komabe, ngakhale m'madera akummwera mungathe kubzala atitchoku, kukula kwa mbewu kudzapambana ngati malamulo ena amatsatira.
Kodi mungatani kuti mukhale ndi atitchoku?
Choyamba, tiyeni tiwone chomwe nditi atitchoku? Chomerachi chimakhala ndi kukongoletsera ndipo chidzawonjezera mosavuta zowonongeka za munda. Ndipo ikhoza kudyidwanso, atitchoku imathandiza kwambiri - zipatso zake zili ndi kashiamu, phosphorous, magnesium, chakudya, mavitamini komanso mavitamini. Kuwonjezera pamenepo, ndizokoma kwambiri. Thetikisiti ili ndi mitundu yambiri, yosiyana ndi nthawi ya kubzala (kuyambira kumayambiriro mpaka kumapeto), koma kulima kwake kuli zofanana. Choyamba njere zimamera kunyumba, ndiye mbande zomalizidwa zimabzalidwa pamtunda.
Nthawi yobzala atitchoku - kukula kwa mbewu
Mukamabzala atitchoku kunyumba, kukulitsa mbeu kumakhala kovuta, ndipo kwa nthawi yoyamba kuli bwino kutenga zosiyanasiyana, makamaka kuyambira oyambirira. Mukamabzala atitchoku chifukwa cha mbande, zimadalira zosiyanasiyana, kubzala koyambirira kumayambiriro kwa mwezi wa March, koma ndikofunika kukonzekera mbewu za masabata awiri.
Kodi kukula mbewu za atitchoku?
Tidzakonzekera atitchoku chifukwa chodzala masabata awiri. Kuti tizitha kumera bwino, timatsanulira nyembazo ndi madzi otentha kutentha ndikupita maola 10-12 m'chipinda chofunda. Panthawiyi, mbewu zimakula bwino, ndiye timatulutsa kunja, kuziika pa nsalu yofewa, kuigwiritsa ntchito, kuziphimba ndi filimuyo kuti zisunge nthawi yaitali, ndikuyiyika pamalo otentha. Mu masiku asanu mbewu ziyenera kuyamba kumera.
Pambuyo pake timayika phukusi pafiriji pansi pa alumali. Izi sizingatchedwe kofunikira, koma kuzirala kwa kanthaŵi kochepa kumabzalitsa mbewu, kumawonjezera kumera. Chomeracho chidzakhala champhamvu kwambiri, motero mwayi wa maluwa ndi kuwonjezeka kwa fruiting kwambiri chaka chomwecho. Siyani mbeu mu firiji kwa milungu iwiri.
Atitchoku - kubzala pa mbande
Kenaka, tiwona momwe tingabzalitsire mbewu ya atitchoku. Choyamba, konzekerani chidebe choyenera - ichi chingakhale malo obiriwira a pulasitiki, kapena zida zapadera. Nthaka yabwino ya atitchoku ndi kusakaniza kwa dothi, humus ndi mchenga wopepuka. Zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito zimakhala zosakanikirana komanso zowonongeka.
Pansi pa thanki tiyenera kudzaza madzi kuti chinyezi chisawonongeke. Kenaka, timagwiritsa ntchito dothi lokhala ndi masentimita 1-1.5 pamtunda wa pafupifupi masentimita 4. Ikani nyembazo muzitsulo ndikuzaza dothi laling'ono, muwatsitsimutse ndi mfuti. Tikafika, timayika chidebe pamalo otentha komanso okonzeka bwino, sill ndi yoyenera. Koma dzuŵa lachindunji liyenera kupeŵedwa. Kuphimba filimuyi kapena mbewu zomwe zimabzalidwa ndi magalasi sizili zoyenera - atitchoku sichifunikanso zinthu zina zotentha.
Atitchoku mbande - kulima
Ndikofunika kuyembekezera masiku owerengeka kuti ziwonekere poyamba, ndipo mu masiku 10-12 tsamba loyamba lidzapangidwe pazomera. Komanso, kuti atitchoke ikule ndikukula bwino, m'pofunika kumuthandiza kuti azikhala bwino. Lembetsani kutentha kwa 15 ° C, perekani kuwala kofananako, kuti ziphuphu zisamatambasulire. Madzi ayenera kukhala osapitirira, chinyezi chochulukira pa siteji ya kukula kwa atitchoku.
Pamene zomera zakhala ndi masamba angapo, zimakhala zolimba mu chidebe chodziwika, panthawiyi nkofunika kusankha , zida zowonjezera ziyenera kukhala zazikulu. Timadzaza miphika ndi nthaka, pakati pomwe timapanga ndi madzi. Timatulutsa tchire la mbande kuchokera ku chidebe chofala. Kuti tichite izi, timathirira nthaka mochulukirapo, ndiye tinyamule bwino mbeu imodzi ndi imodzi ndikuyikizira nsonga ya pakatikati - izi ndi zofunika kuti rhizome ikhale bwino.
Kenaka, timabzala tchire m'magawo osiyana, madzi ambiri ndikuyika malo otentha komanso owala. Mu masabata awiri, mbandeti ya atitchoku, yakula kuchokera ku mbewu, imafuna kudyetsa koyamba - kulowetsedwa kwa mullein , kuchepetsedwa mu chiŵerengero cha 1:10. Masabata ena awiri, ndikofunikira kudyetsa tchire ndi zovuta zamchere feteleza.
Panthawi imeneyi, mbande za atitchoku, zomwe zimakula kuchokera ku mbewu zomwe ziri bwino, zingayambe kuuma. Kuti muchite izi, sankhani masiku otentha ndi opanda mphepo ndikuchotsamo zitsamba ndi mazira kwa maola ambiri mpweya wabwino. Pang'onopang'ono, atitchoku amakhala pamsewu ayenera kuwonjezeka mpaka maola 10, kuteteza dzuwa ndi mvula.
Atitchoku - kubzala ndi kusamalira poyera
Yankho la funsoli, ngati n'zotheka kukula kamba ka atitchoku m'munda, ndiwonekeratu - mungathe! Zimatha kuphuka ndi kubala zipatso mukasankha malo abwino oti mubzalidwe. Malo osungirako malo kapena malo omwe ali m'mphepete mwa nyanja, musagwirizane - mizu ya atitchoku imakhala yakuya, ndipo chinyezi chikhoza kuyamba kuvunda. Malo abwino odzala mbande kuchokera ku mbewu ndi mapiri otsetsereka.
Zomera zamasamba zingabzalidwe pamabedi kapena mitsuko yosiyana ndi mipanda yapamwamba ndi mitengo. Nthaŵi yoyenera yodzala atitchoku ku mbewu yomwe ili poyera ndi pakati pa May. Pambuyo pofika, tchire ayenera kuthiriridwa mochuluka, ndipo nthaka iyenera kuphimbidwa . Pambuyo pokonzanso zomera, manyowa ayenera kumera.
Pansi pa zochitika zoyenera kubzala ndi kusamalira, zitsamba zapamwamba zomwe zimakula kuchokera ku mbewu zidzakula pafupifupi mu August-September, pambuyo pake mipukutu ya ulimi wothirira iyenera kuchepetsedwa. Kuti mudziwe ngati atitchoku yayamba, kuyendetsa mamba apamwamba kuyenera kufufuzidwa. Ngati amatha kusuntha, ndi nthawi yokolola.