Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda a Mycobacterium mu mankhwala amadziwikanso ngati ndodo ya Koch. Izi ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Bakiteriya ndi kukula kwakukulu ndipo ali ndi mawonekedwe aatali, ali ndi chipolopolo chakuda. Potembenuza kuchokera ku Greek, "myco" amatanthauza "bowa", zomwe zimasonyeza kufanana kwa ndodo ya Koch kwa mycelium. Tizilombo ting'onoting'ono timakhala olimba kwambiri.
Mitundu ya Mycobacterium chifuwa chachikulu
Mitundu yonse ya tizilombo tating'ono tingathe kusiyanitsa kukhala yowopsa kwa anthu komanso mthupi mwachilengedwe. Kuonjezerapo, bactamini, yomwe ndi causative wothandizira chifuwa chachikulu cha TB, ikhoza kusankhidwa malinga ndi zina. Kusiyanitsa kumachitika malinga ndi zotsatirazi:
- kukula;
- bwino kwambiri kutentha kwa chitukuko;
- luso la bacillus kukhala la pigment.
Matenda onse a mycobacteria akugwirizanitsidwa mu gulu limodzi lalikulu, lotchedwa M. tuberculosis. Oimira ake ndi awa:
- M. africanum;
- M. microti;
- M. canettii;
- M. bovis BCG;
- M. sargaye;
- M. pinnipedii ndi zina zotero.
Mabakiteriya otsala amaonedwa kuti ndi gulu losagwira ntchito. Izi zikuphatikizapo tizilombo toyambitsa matenda:
- M. intracellulare;
- M. terrae;
- M. scrofulaceum;
- M. chelonae;
- M. fortuitum;
- M. leprae ndi zina zotero.
Mycobacteria imayambitsa chitukuko cha chifuwa chachikulu. Ndizoopsa. Magulu otsatirawa a mycobacteria a chifuwa chachikulu amatuluka:
- Photochromogenic - oimira mitundu imeneyi mumdima ndi opanda mtundu, koma akafika poyera amapeza mtundu wowala wa lalanje. Kutentha kotentha kwa chitukuko cha bacillus ndi 32 ° С.
- Skotochromogenic - tizilombo tomwe timapanga mdima, chifukwa dzina lawo lomwelo kuchokera ku Chigriki limamasuliridwa ku "mdima". Chiwerengero cha kukula chikusiyana ndi masiku 30 mpaka 60. Pamene bacillus yoteroyo imalowa m'thupi la mwana wamkulu kapena wotopa, thupi limakhudzidwa.
- Neofrochromogenic - oimira gululi amakhala opanda mtundu, koma akafika poyera amapeza mtundu wobiriwira. Kutalika kwa chitukuko ndi masabata 2-4.
- Kukula mofulumira - oimira gululi akhoza kukhala opanda mtundu ndi mtundu. Kukula kwawo kukuchitika mofulumira. Kuchokera nthawi yomwe mapangidwe apangidwe mpaka gawo la kachilomboka kamene kamapangidwa kumapita masiku 7 mpaka 10.
Kufufuza kwa chifuwa cha Mycobacterium
Njira zosiyanasiyana zolimbana ndi matendawa zingagwiritsidwe ntchito pozindikira matendawa. Kusankha njira za ma hardware ndikugwiritsa ntchito mayeso a laboratori. Yoyamba ikuphatikizapo njira zoterezi:
- Zamatsenga - zimakupatsani inu zotsatira mu mphindi;
- X-ray - zithunzi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito molunjika ndi kumbali;
- Mayi tomography ndi njira yabwino kwambiri (imapereka zotsatira zolondola).
Njira zogwiritsira ntchito mankhwala zimaphatikizapo:
- Kusanthula kupopu ku mycobacterium TB;
- mchere polymerase anachita njira;
- kusanthula kwakukulu kwa magazi ndi mkodzo;
- smear microscopy;
- mankhwala a immunosorbent assay-enzyme omwe amachititsa kuti thupi lizindikire ma antibodies to mycobacteria a chifuwa chachikulu;
- minofu yambiri.
Mayeso a magazi a mycobacterium chifuwa chachikulu
Chiyeso chimenechi chimaphatikizapo kudziwidwa ndi chitetezo cha mthupi komanso chamadzimadzi. Pa nthawi yoyamba, ma antigen amagwiritsidwa ntchito - mamolekyu omwe amanyamula zokhudzana ndi selo. Ngati chitetezo cha mthupi sichidziwa "chinsinsi" chachinsinsi, chimaimira "alamu". Anti-antibody imamangiriza kwa antigen "yachilendo" ndikuwononga kugwirizana kwake ndi selo. Zomwe zimachititsa kuti thupi liziyenda bwino zimapezeka pamene chinthu chimodzi chimasandulika kukhala china.
Chifukwa cha zamoyo zovuta kwambiri zomwe zimachitika m'maselo a thupi, ma antibodies to mycobacteria a chifuwa chachikulu amadziwika. Kufufuza uku kumachitidwa pamimba yopanda kanthu. Kuwonjezera apo, masiku angapo asanakhazikitsidwe, wodwala ayenera kusiya zakudya zokazinga ndi zakudya zamtundu. Zachilengedwe zamadzimadzi zimasonkhanitsidwa ndi dongosolo lopuma.
Mu munthu wathanzi, ma antibodies omwe ali m'magulu a G ndi M sadzakhala m'magazi. Kuzindikira kwa zinthu izi kumasonyeza kupezeka kwa matenda m'mapapo. Komabe, kupezeka kwapadera kwa ma antibodies amenewa sikupatsa mwayi wopereka chithandizo chodziŵika bwino. Pofuna kutsimikizira wodwalayo, smear microscopy ndi fluorography kapena X-ray akhoza kulamulidwa.
Kuyezetsa mfuti kwa mycobacterium chifuwa chachikulu
Pochita izi, chimagwiritsiridwa ntchito chidebe chopanda kanthu. Posakhalitsa musanayambe kusonkhanitsa mfuti pa mycobacterium chifuwa chachikulu, wodwalayo ayenera kusamba mano. Ngati izi sizinachitike, zotsatirazo zidzasokonezedwa ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda m'kamwa. Mphukira pa mycobacterium chifuwa chachikulu ndi bwino m'mawa - atagona usiku. Amadumphira mu chidebe chosabala, chomwe chiyenera kutsekedwa mwamsanga.
Sungani chinsinsi pamalo amdima ndi ozizira. Nthaŵi yabwino kuchokera nthawi ya kusonkhanitsa kampeni kupita ku phunziro ndi maola awiri. Ikuchitika ndi njira zotsatirazi:
- chithandizo;
- mabakiteriya.
Njira yoyamba ikuphatikizapo kugwiritsa ntchito microscope. Mu njira yachiwiri, phunziroli likuchitidwa motere:
- Mphukira imadzipulidwa ndi "reagent" yapadera.
- Thumba imatumizidwa ku unit, yomwe imapangitsa kuti zikhale zofunikira pa kukula kwa mabakiteriya.
- Kafukufuku watsopano wa carbon dioxide akuphatikizidwa ndi utoto.
- Mlingo wa fluorescence umaweruzidwa ndi mtundu wa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.
Matumbo a Mycobacterium TB
Zizindikiro za tizilombo toyambitsa matendazi zimatsimikiziridwa ndi mankhwala awo. Ndodo ya Koch ndi 80% madzi ndi phulusa 3%. Zouma zouma zili ndi mapuloteni okwana 40% ndipo ndizofanana ndi polysaccharides. Mankhwala a mycobacterium TB (komanso tizilombo tina a gulu lino) ali ndi poizoni wambiri. Ndilopangidwe pakati pa onse amoyo ndi ndodo yophedwa ya Koch.
Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda a Mycobacterium - kukhazikika kwa chilengedwe
Salafu ya Koch imasiyanitsidwa ndi "kupulumuka" kwake ku bacilli ena. Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda a Mycobacterium sagwirizana ndi malo otsatirawa:
- acid;
- mowa;
- zamchere.
M'madzi, ndodo ya Koch imakhala ndi zotsatira zake zoopsa kwa masiku 150. Mu mkaka, bacilli awa amatha miyezi 10. Kudziwa kuti mycobacterium ya chifuwa chachikulu imamwalira pamtunda wotani, mungathe kulepheretsa kubereka. Dzuŵa lolowera silinayambitse mtunda wa Koch mu maora 4-5. Komanso, tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timawonongeka kwa theka la ola pamtunda wa 85 ° C kapena kuposa.
Kukaniza mankhwala osokoneza bongo wa mycobacterium TB
Kuti mudziwe mankhwala osokoneza bongo omwe amatsutsana ndi mankhwalawa, amagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo. Pali zifukwa zoterezi zotsutsana ndi ndodo ya Koch ndi mankhwala osokoneza bongo:
- Zamoyo - osadziwika mlingo wa mankhwala.
- Kupyolera mu kulakwitsa kwa wodwala - mankhwala amachotsedwa mosalekeza, mlingo umasinthidwa wokha, ndi zina zotero.
- Zotsatira za matendawa - chifuwa chachikulu cha TB chimachititsa pH. Izi zimasokoneza ntchito ya mankhwala.
Mankhwala osokoneza bongo amasiku ano, omwe amachititsa chifuwa chachikulu cha mycobacterium
Posankha njira zothandizira anthu, muyenera kuonetsetsa kuti mitengo ya Koch ndi yolimba kwambiri. Wothandizira matenda a chifuwa chachikulu amafa chifukwa cha mankhwala ophera tizilombo toyambitsa matenda:
- 5% chloramine;
- 0,5% yamatsinje;
- soda phulusa.
Njira za matenda a chifuwa cha mycobacteria
Ngozi kwa ena ndi odwala omwe amavutika ndi matenda opatsirana . Njira yowopsa kwambiri ya matenda ndi chifuwa chachikulu cha mycobacterium ndi izi:
- pini;
- mpweya;
- chithandizo;
- feedary.