Chimodzi mwa matenda ofala kwambiri padziko lapansi pa nyama ndi anthu ndi chifuwa chachikulu . Waka wa Koch ndi wothandizira matendawa owopsa, omwe anthu akhala akulimbana nawo zaka mazana angapo. Asayansi ndi madokotala amangopanga mankhwala atsopano, koma sangathe kuwononga bacillus.
Kodi mabakiteriya a Koch ndi otani?
Anthu ambiri akukhudzidwa ndi funso la gulu liti la mabakiteriya ndi wandolo wa Koch? Ndili m'gulu la tizilombo toyambitsa matenda a mycobacteria (actinobacteria). Choopsa kwambiri kwa anthu ndi mitundu itatu: ng'ombe, pakati ndi anthu. Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, timakhala ndi chigoba chachikulu chakunja, ndi mawonekedwe akuluakulu oblong, ofanana ndi bowa.
Mtundu wa Koch ndi wothandizira TB
Zimakhudza chifuwa chachikulu cha ndodo ya Koch ndi chiwerengero cha mycobacteria yomwe imasonyeza kukhwima. Bacilli amagwera mkati mwa thupi la munthu kuyambira ali mwana, koma matendawa sapezeka nthawi zonse. Kukula kwake kumakhudza kwambiri:
- cholengedwa chobadwa;
- kuchepetsa chitetezo chokwanira ;
- chikhalidwe chovutika maganizo cha munthu ndi zina zotero.
Momwe mungaphere wandula wa Koch?
Bacillus iyi, chifukwa cha chipolopolo chake chamkati chophatikizira katatu, imayesedwa yokhazikika, kotero sikuli kosavuta kuchipha. Amatha kukhala pamwamba pa zovala ndi zinthu kwa miyezi ingapo. Kutsekula mwadzidzidzi kwa ndodo ya Koch kumachitika mothandizidwa ndi zakumwa zamchere za chlorini (maola 5), hydrogen peroxide, ulusi wa ultraviolet ndi dzuwa (pafupifupi maola awiri).
Kodi mtunda wa Koch umakhala nthawi yayitali bwanji?
Bakiteriya ali ndi mphamvu yodabwitsa yopitirizabe kukhala ndi anaerobic stateless zaka zingapo. Zimalekerera mosavuta kutentha ndi kuzizira, zowonjezera chinyezi ndi kuyanika. Kuyankha funsoli: ndi anthu angati omwe ali Koch wandimalo, tikhoza kunena kuti malo otentha ndi amvula amatha zaka zisanu ndi ziwiri. Pansi pazinthu zina, bacillus imatha:
- mu manyowa - zaka 15;
- m'mabuku - miyezi itatu;
- mu nthaka - miyezi isanu ndi umodzi;
- m'madzi - miyezi isanu;
- mu fumbi la mumsewu - miyezi iwiri;
- mu mkaka wosagwiritsidwa ntchito - masabata awiri;
- mu tchizi ndi mafuta - chaka chimodzi.
Kodi mtambo wa Koch umafa bwanji?
Kugwiritsa ntchito njira zothandizira, anthu ambiri amadzifunsa kuti: Kodi kutentha kwa Koch kumatentha kotani? Bacillus iyi imakhalapo pamene madzi akuwotcha:
- mpaka 60 ° С - pafupi ora;
- pa 70 ° C - mpaka mphindi 40;
- otentha - mpaka 25 min.
Kodi makina a Koch amatenga bwanji?
Poyesera kudziteteza okha ndi okondedwa awo ku matenda a chifuwa chachikulu cha TB, anthu akudabwa ndi momwe kayendedwe ka Koch imafalikira. Amatumizidwa ndi madontho a m'mlengalenga: pokambirana, kupopera, kutsokomola. Mabakiteriya opatsirana angathe kutenga kachilombo ka chakudya chosakonzedwa bwino. Pankhaniyi, ana akhoza kutenga bacillus, chifukwa odwala nthawi yaitali samadziwa za vuto lawo.
Pafupifupi anthu 100 omwe ali ndi kachilombo amadwala pafupifupi zisanu. Ena onse adzapitirizabe kukhala mwamtendere, ngati palibe zofooketsa za thupi. Wokongola wa Koch akhoza kuyamba kukula mofulumira ndikukula m'mabuku otsatirawa:
- ndi zakudya zopanda thanzi kapena zoperewera zakudya (zakudya zam'chitini, zojambula zakudya);
- kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo komanso mowa;
- pazikhalidwe zosayenera ndi zamoyo;
- pamene akusuta;
- pogwiritsira ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo;
- ndi matenda monga AIDS, shuga, zilonda zam'mimba, mphutsi yowonongeka ndi zina zotero.
Koch's incubation period
Nthawi, kuyambira nthawi yolowera mu thupi la mycobacteria komanso kusanayambike kwa zizindikiro zoyamba, imatchedwa nthawi yosakaniza. Gawo ili likhoza kukhala miyezi iwiri mpaka chaka. Ndodo ya Koch - chifuwa chachikulu cha TB chimafika m'kati mwa kupuma ndipo zimadalira machitidwe a chitetezo cha mthupi. Zina zambiri mungathe kuchita:
- M'thupi la munthu wathanzi amene ali ndi chitetezo champhamvu, kachilombo ka bacillus kamatha, ndipo kachilomboka kamene kamatulutsa kachilombo kamene kamatulutsidwa kamasulidwa mkati. Matendawa sakhala ndi vutoli.
- Mu chitetezo champhamvu cha chitetezo cha m'thupi, mycobacterium sidzawonongeka. Iyo, pamodzi ndi magazi, imalowa m'mapapo, m'matumbo, impso, mafupa, ndipo matendawa amawonekera pamenepo.
Pambuyo pake, nthawi ya makulitsidwe imatha ndipo munthuyo amamva zizindikiro zoyamba za matendawa. Nthawi ino ikhoza kukhala yovuta kwambiri kudziwa, kuyambira kuyambika kwa chitukuko ndi kukula kwa ndodo ya Koch ndi zofanana kwambiri ndi zizindikiro za kupuma kwa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda kapena kuledzeretsa. Pa siteji yoyamba, palibe bacilli omwe amasulidwa kuchokera ku thupi kupita ku chilengedwe. Mayeso a Mantoux panthawiyi akuwonetsa zotsatira zoipa.
Koch's Wand - Zizindikiro
Chifuwa chachikulu chimatha nthawi yaitali popanda zizindikilo, ndipo zimapezeka pambuyo pa kutuluka kwa fluorography. Zomwe akatswiri amazindikira zimasintha kapena kuoneka mawanga pa chithunzi cha chifuwa. Wokongola wa Koch amachititsa thupi laumunthu zizindikiro zoyambirira:
- kusowa kwa njala;
- kuwonongeka kwa tulo;
- chiwonetsero;
- thukuta ;
- kupweteka kolemera;
- kuwonjezeka kutentha kwa thupi kufika madigiri 37.5;
- blanching khungu.
Malinga ndi chiŵerengero, pafupifupi gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a anthu padziko lonse lapansi ali ndi kachilombo ka bakiteriya a Koch, koma sangathe kulandira ena. Ichi ndi mtundu wotsekemera wa chifuwa chachikulu komanso mwinamwake kuti matendawa ayamba kukula ndi 10%. Pangozi ndi:
- ana kuyambira zaka 2 mpaka 3;
- othawa kwawo ndi othawa kwawo;
- anthu omwe amatumikira nthawi m'malo osowa ufulu;
- anthu opanda malo osakhazikika omwe amakhala.
Pamapeto pake a chifuwa chachikulu - mawonekedwe otseguka, mabakiteriya amayamba kukula mwathupi. Gawo ili liri lopatsirana kwambiri ndipo limadziwonetsera palokha mu mawonekedwe:
- mpweya wochepa;
- chizungulire;
- chifuwa chophatikizana ndi nkhwangwa koma popanda;
- ululu mu chifuwa mumtendere ndi chifuwa;
- kuoneka mu nthenda ya magazi.
Kuchokera Kwambiri kwa Koch
Kuti muwone ngati pali ndodo ya Koch mu thupi laumunthu, bakiteriya omwe amachititsa kuti matendawa akhale akatswiri. Njira yeniyeni yodziwira ndi yowunika kwa:
- kuyesa magazi ndi kuyezetsa magazi ;
- tizilombo toyambitsa matenda;
- X-ray, yopangidwa mu ziwonetsero zitatu;
- kufufuza kwa microbiological sputum ndi zinsinsi zonse;
- malingaliro;
- Mantoux kapena Pirke.
Nthawi zina, pofuna kutsimikizira kapena kukana matendawa, mayesero ena amachitika:
- chiwonongeko;
- biopsy;
- bronchoscopy;
- kufufuza zachipatala za sputum ndi magazi;
- maginito ojambula maginito kapena computed tomography.
Kuyezetsa koyamba kumayambidwa ndi wodwala polyclinic, ndipo ngati n'koyenera, amatumizira ku chiphaso chifuwa kwa pulmonologist kapena phthisiatrist. Ngati munthu akudwala, ndiye kuti mukufufuza kwake:
- kuchuluka kwa ESR, kupitirira 60 mm pa ola, pa mlingo wa 10;
- chiwerengero chachikulu cha leukocyte ndi kusintha mu mawonekedwe awo;
- chiŵerengero pakati pa segmented ndi stab neutrophils amasintha;
- hemoglobin amakhalabe malire.
Mankhwala a Koch
Mtundu wofewa wa TB umachiritsidwa ndi mankhwala apadera a antibiotic. Izi ndi chifukwa chakuti ndodo ya Koch imangokhalira kukonzera mankhwala osokoneza bongo ndikuyamba kuwatsutsa. Mycobacterium m'moyo mwake akhoza kumasula zinthu za poizoni zomwe zimakhala ndi zotsatira zolakwika pa chitetezo cha mthupi ndi chamasewera komanso ziwalo za poizoni ndi thupi la munthu.
Mtundu wa Koch - matenda omwe amaphunzira kuti athe kupirira nawo, wodwalayo akulamula mankhwala anayi oyambirira ndipo amawawonjezera ndi mankhwala othandiza. Mwachitsanzo, sorbent wamba, monga Polysorb, amagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala opangidwa ndi mankhwala m'thupi mothandizidwa ndi silicon dioxide ndikuthandizira kuchotsa, komanso amathandizanso mankhwalawa.
Pazifukwa zovuta, madokotala amagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osamalitsa, kuchiritsa ndi kusamalira thupi, zomwe zikuphatikizapo:
- chemotherapy:
- Chitani mankhwala;
- kuchiritsa;
- mavitamini;
- thupi;
- mankhwala osokoneza bongo omwe amayenera kutengedwa pa nthawi inayake komanso ndi mlingo woyenera.
Nthawi zambiri, opaleshoni yogwiritsira ntchito opaleshoni imagwiritsidwa ntchito, momwe dera lomwe lakhudzidwa nalo, gawo la mapapo kapena pleura likuchotsedwa. Ngati madzimadzi amalowa mumtanda, katswiri amachititsa kuti aziwombera. Potsatira mwakhama wodwalayo ndi malamulo onse, chifuwa chachikulu chimachiritsidwa, ndipo panthawiyi matendawa amatha ndipo amatha ndi zotsatira zake zowononga.