Zimakhala zovuta kulingalira chikhalidwe chomwe nthano zachinsinsi zomwe sizinali kuperekedwa kwa mulungu wotero monga mulungu wamkazi wobereka. Iye amadziwika kulikonse ndi dziko lapansi ndi Venus, ndipo tsiku lake ankawoneka kuti Lachisanu. Ofufuza ambiri amakhulupirira kuti chipembedzo ichi chinabwerera ku Paleolithic ndipo chimadziwika ndi "mayi".
Mkazi wamkazi wa kubereka ndi ulimi
Ndi chitukuko cha ulimi, chipembedzo cha mulungu wamkazi wochulukitsa chimangowonjezereka, monga chilemba cha masamariya pakati pa anthu. Patapita nthawi, nthawi ino yadutsa, koma chifaniziro cha mulungu m'chikhalidwe chakhala cholimba. Pakati pa zosiyana siyana za mulungu wamkazi wa kubereka, kugwirizana koonekera kumabvumbulutsidwa, kuphatikizapo nthano. Potero, milungu ya amayi sikuti imangopatsa moyo onse, komanso amasankha, chifukwa chake ali ndi chikhalidwe cha chithunzithunzi.
Mkazi wamkazi wa kubereka ndi Aroma
M'nthaŵi yakale yachiroma ya milungu, malo apadera akhala akugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi mulungu wamkazi wa Ceres wobereka. Pali zambiri zambiri zokhudzana ndi mantha akunjenjemera a plebeians kwa iye. Kuchokera pagulu la anthu osauka adasankha wansembe yemwe amamulemekeza. Panali phwando lapachaka, lotchulidwa ndi mulungu wamkazi, womwe unachitika mu April - zolemba. Zikudziwika kuti m'masiku asanu ndi atatu apabanja a plebeians adakonza chakudya ndikukondana kuti mulungu wamkazi wa chiberekero wachiroma akondwere.
Ceres, malinga ndi nthano zakalekale, imabweretsa kasupe padziko lapansi. Gwirizanitsani izi ndi nthano ya kubwezeretsedwa kwa Proserpine, yomwe ndi fanizo la nthano zakale zachi Greek za Demeter ndi Persephone. Akufunafuna mwana wake wamkazi, mulunguyo adakakamizidwa kuti atsike kudziko lapansi, chifukwa chake dzikoli linayamba kufota. Kuyambira nthawi imeneyo, amatha zaka zisanu ndi ziwiri akugwira ntchito mu ufumu wa Plutonian. Kotero, pamene iye achoka, iye amatenga kutentha konse ndi iye, ndipo pamene iye abwerera amabweretsanso.
Mkazi wamkazi wa kubala pakati pa Asilavo
Ziribe kanthu kaya ndi anthu angati Akhrisitu omwe analipo Chikhristu chisanayambe ndi momwe iwo sanakhalire osagwirizana, iwo nthawizonse anali ogwirizana ndi mulungu wamkazi wa Makitor wobereka. Malingaliro ena, ndi chifaniziro cha Amayi a dziko lapansi la Crusty, lomwe silinapatse moyo kuzinthu zonse, koma linatsimikiziranso tsogolo la zolengedwa zawo. Anamuthandiza mu milungu ina iwiri - Gawani ndi Nedolya. Pamodzi, milungu iyi, kudzera mu nsalu zawo, inakonzeratu kukhalapo kwa munthu aliyense, monga Ancient Roman Parks kapena Ancient Greek Moira.
Chodabwitsa ndi chakuti mulungu wamkazi wa kubereka nayenso anali woyamikira ndi Prince Vladimir, wobatiza wa Russia, yemwe adalamula kuti ziwonongeko zonse ziwonongeke. Izi ndi umboni wa Makosh omwe amadziwika padziko lonse lapansi a Asilavo akale. Mwazinthu zina, iye ankalemekezedwa monga wovomerezeka wa amayi, za chuma ndi dziko.
Mkazi wamkazi wa kubala pakati pa Agiriki
Ku Hellas, monga m'madera ena adziko lapansi, kunali "Amayi Wamkulu", nthano zomwe zinkaonekera mu lingaliro la dziko la Aroma. Mkazi wamkazi wa kubereka ndi ulimi ku Greece wakale - Demeter anali mmodzi wa olemekezeka kwambiri a Olympus. Izi zikuwonetsedwa ndi zilembo zambiri, zomwe zimatchedwa dzina lake:
- Anpheus;
- Achaea;
- Europe;
- Furia;
- Ennea;
- Erinia;
- Chiti;
- Herkin;
- Htonia.
Komabe, epithet yoyenera kwambiri, yomwe inali mulungu wamkazi wa Demeter - - "Sieve", omwe omasuliridwa kuchokera ku Chigiriki chakale amatanthauza "hlebodarnaya." Iye akugogomezera mosamalitsa ntchito zake za ulimi, pambuyo pa zonse, malinga ndi nthano ya kulandidwa kwa Persephone, adaphunzitsa kulima dziko la Tryptolemus, mwana wa Eleusinian tsar, poyamikira chisomo chimene analandira. Iye anali wokondedwa kwa mulungu wamkazi mpaka kalekale, kukhala woyambitsa mlimi ndi wofalitsa wa chikhalidwe chokhalira pansi.
Mkazi wamkazi wa kubala pakati pa Aigupto
Sizinali pamphepete mwa mtsinje wa Nile kunali mulungu wamkazi wolemekezeka kwambiri kuposa Isis. Chipembedzo chake chinali chofala kwambiri kotero kuti anayamba kutenga zinthu ndi zikhalidwe za milungu ina. Kotero, mulungu wamkazi wa chonde mu Igupto anali akadali chitsanzo cha ukazi, umayi ndi kukhulupirika. Chifukwa chakuti Isis anali amayi a Horus, mulungu wa mafumu, iye ankawoneka kuti anali wachifumu ndi kholo la aharahara.
Nkhani yowonjezereka yokhudza olemekezeka a Isis ndi nthano ya iye ndi mwamuna wake Osiris - mulungu wa chthonic yemwe adaphunzitsa anthu ulimi. Malinga ndi nthano iyi, mfumu ya pambuyo pake inaphedwa ndi Seti. Ishida ataphunzira za imfa ya mwamuna wake, anapita kukafunafuna thupi lake lodulidwa ndi Anubis. Kupeza zotsalira za Osiris, iwo adalenga mayi woyamba. Mothandizidwa ndi matsenga akale, mulungu wamkazi wobereka anaukitsidwa ndi mwamuna wake. Kuchokera apo, Isis wakhala akuwonetsedwa ndi mapiko okongola, akuyimira chitetezo.
Mkazi wamkazi wa ku Foinike wa kubereka
Mu "dziko lofiirira" Astarte anali ndi tanthauzo lapadera kwa anthu. Afoinike kulikonse amalemekeza mulungu wawo, chifukwa Ahelene ankakhulupirira kuti anthu onse adzipatulira kwa iye. Komabe, iwo, monga Aroma, nthawi zina ankamuona ngati mulungu wamkazi wachikondi, kudziwika ndi Venus kapena Aphrodite. Izi zimachitika chifukwa chakuti mulungu wamkazi wobereka ku Foinike kwazaka mazana ambiri adagwira ntchito ndi maudindo atsopano. Anali wolemekezeka monga mulungu wa mwezi, mphamvu za boma, banja komanso ngakhale nkhondo, ndipo chipembedzo chake chinkafalikira m'mphepete mwa nyanja ya Mediterranean.
Mulungu wamkazi wa ku India
Saraswati ndi mulungu wamkazi wa dziko la Chihindu, yemwe amalemekezedwa ngati woyang'anira nyumba, ubwino ndi kubereka. Amaonedwa kuti ndi mulungu wamkazi wa mtsinje, chifukwa dzina lake limatanthauza "amene akuyenda." Makhalidwe a mulunguyo ndi awa:
- chovala choyera choyera;
- rosary woyera mikanda;
- the;
- ana ndi chida cha Indian;
- mbale ya madzi oyera;
- white swan.
Ikhoza kutchedwanso anthu ngati "Mahadevi" - "Amayi Wamkulu". Mkazi wamkazi wobereka ku India ndi wolemekezeka kwambiri m'nthawi yathu ino. Saraswati ndiye mkazi wa Brahma - mulungu wina wa Trimurti, amene adalenga chilengedwe chonse, chifukwa cha zomwe amachitira malo apadera ku dziko la pansi. Mahadevi imatetezanso kuphunzitsa, nzeru, waluntha ndi luso.
Mzimayi wa ku Africa wa kubereka
Muzinthu zazikulu za ku Africa, zokhudzana ndi chibadwidwe chachipembedzo zinali zachilendo, koma mafuko ndi magulu a mafuko ena akanatha kupanga mafano. Choncho, Ashanti, omwe akukhala m'dera lamakono la Ghana, akhala akulemekezedwa kwa Asaae Afua kwa zaka zambiri, mkazi wa mulungu wamkulu wa Nyame. Komabe, pali chinthu chodabwitsa kuti m'kupita kwa nthawi, lingaliro lake lasintha mwa njira yomwe chipembedzo chake chakhazikitsa mizimu iwiri yosiyana: Asaoe Afua - mulungu wamkazi wa dziko lapansi ndi kubala, ndi Asaoe Ya, akuyimira kusabereka ndi imfa.
Mkazi wamkazi wa Fertility Maya
Ish-Chel, kapena "mbuye wa utawaleza" ankalemekezedwa ndi amayi. Mkazi wamkazi wobereka ndi amayi a Maya amawonetsedwa ngati mkazi ali ndi kalulu atakhala pamadzulo ake, koma kenako fano lake linasintha - ojambula anayamba kumuwonetsa ngati mkazi wachikulire ali ndi maso amphongo ndi njoka, tsitsi lake. Malinga ndi nthano, mulungu wamkazi wa njoka anali mbuye wa Kinich-Ahau, mulungu wa Sun, ndi mkazi wa Itzamna. Ishi-Shel amadziwikanso kuti mwini wake wa ufiti, mwezi ndi chidziwitso cha akazi. Zimadziwika kuti Maya ankatchedwa Ish-Kanlem.
Mkazi wamkazi wobereka ku Japan
M'dziko la Dzuŵa, imodzi mwa milungu yachikazi yolemekezeka ikadali Inari. Anapereka zoposa zitatu mwa akachisi onse a Shinto, amalemekezedwa mu Buddhism. Poyamba, amatha kufotokozedwa ngati msungwana wokongola, wamwamuna wokalamba kapena orrogen malingana ndi malo, koma patapita nthawi, chifukwa cha kugwirizana kwake ndi zokolola ndi ubwino, iye analemekezedwa monga mulungu wamkazi wobereka. Inari amavomereza asilikali, ochita masewera, ogwira ntchito ndi mahule.
Mkazi wamkazi wa Akkadian wobereka
Mu nthano za Akkadi, mulungu wamkazi wapakati ndi Ishtar. Kuphatikiza pa kubereka, iye adalankhula chikondi cha thupi ndi nkhondo, komanso anali wachigololo wamamahule, amuna okhaokha komanso amuna okhaokha. Mkazi wamkazi wobereka m'mabuku a Akkadian anali ofunika kwambiri, koma mpaka tsopano umphumphu wathu ndi kusungika sizinali nkhani zambiri zokhudza iye momwe ife tikufunira.
Cholinga chachikulu chogwirizana ndi Ishtar ku Akkady chinali nthano ya iye ndi Gilgamesh. Malingana ndi nkhaniyo, mulungu wamkazi wa chilengedwe cha padziko lapansi adamupatsa chikondi chake, koma anakanidwa, popeza adawononga abwenzi ake onse. Ishtar, wosadandaula ndi kulephera, anatumizidwa ku mzinda wa Gilgamesh, Uruk, chilombo chachikulu - ng'ombe yakumwamba. Chiwiri chachiwiri pakati pa Akkadians chinali nthano ya chiyambi chake, koma ofufuza amati chiyambi chake cha Sumerian.
Mkazi wamkazi wa ku Sumeriya wobereka
Inanna ndi imodzi mwa milungu yolemekezeka kwambiri pakati pa a Sumerians. Izo zimagwirizana ndi Akkadian Ishtar ndi Astente wa Foinike. Makhalidwe ake, malinga ndi magwero, anali ofanana kwambiri ndi munthu. Inanna adasiyanitsidwa ndi chinyengo, kusowa mtima komanso kusowa manja. Gulu lake la mapemphero linafika pomaliza kupembedza Anu mu Uruk. Mkazi wamkazi wa chonde pakati pa anthu a Sumeri omwe amadziwika kuti ndi chikondi, chilungamo, kupambana pa adani.
Mfundo yaikulu yonena za iye inali nthano ya kulowera kudziko lapansi, komwe kumakhala ngati nkhani ya Proserpine ndi Persephone. Mwazifukwa zosadziwika, Ishtar anakakamizika kuchoka, panjira akulekana ndi makhalidwe ake. Atafika ku Ereshkigal, mfumukazi ya chithoni inamupha. Komabe, ziwanda zinamukakamiza kuti amukitse Ishtar, koma kuti mulungu wamkazi wa chonde akhoza kumasulidwa, wina amayenera kutenga malo ake. Choncho, kuyambira pamenepo miyezi isanu ndi umodzi Dumuzi amatha kukhala kudziko lapansi. Pamene abwerera kwa mkazi wake Ishtar , masika amadza.
Popeza tidziwa mulungu wamkazi wa chikhalidwe cha mitundu yosiyanasiyana, sikutheka kuwona zinthu zambiri zomwe zimakhalapo nthawi zonse. Anthu ena amakhulupirira kuti izi ndi umboni wakuti alipo, ena - afotokoza chiyambi cha anthu ndi kusamuka. Yemwe amakhulupirira ndi nkhani yaumwini kwa aliyense, koma chipembedzo cha Amayi a Mulungu chimawonetsedwa kwanthawizonse ndi chitukuko cha anthu.