M'dziko lamakono, nthawi zina matenda okha sali oopsa, koma zotsatira zake. Ndipo ndizochita zamankhwala kuti, chifukwa cha matenda ambiri opatsirana pamilingo, nthawi zambiri zovuta zimayambitsa matenda a mtima, omwe ndi ovuta.
Matenda a mtima - ndi chiyani?
Kuphwanya malamulo pakulandira mpweya wa magazi, kugawidwa kwa magazi kwa mtima, kusintha kwa ntchito ndi mapangidwe a makoma ake, magawo, valves, ziwiya zazing'ono ndi zazikulu zimayambitsa matenda a mtima. Matenda a mtima amatchulidwa ngati obadwa mwaukali kapena opezeka, omwe atha kukhala ndi magulu awo. Pamene matenda a mtima amasonyeza akuluakulu akhoza kukhala ofanana, ndipo matendawa ndi osiyana, ndipo mankhwalawa ndi osiyana.
Zizindikiro zokhudzana ndi matenda a mtima
Kwenikweni, matenda opatsirana a mtima amapezeka pa nthawi ya kubadwa kwa mwana kapena zaka zitatu zoyambirira. Komabe, pali zizindikiro pamene zizindikiro za matenda a mtima kwa anthu akuluakulu zimapezeka ngati congenital, zomwe poyamba zinali zozizwitsa.
Zizindikiro zazikulu za matenda a mtima wamba:
- kukhalapo kwa mpweya wochepa;
- kufooka kwambiri ndi katundu wochepa;
- khungu lamkati kapena, mosiyana, amapeza mthunzi wabuluu m'manja, milomo, makutu;
- amamva ozizira akamakhudzidwa ndi miyendo;
- kumvetsera phokoso mu mtima.
Aortic stenosis
Kugonjetsedwa kwa a valtic valve (stenosis) ndilofala kwambiri yobadwa mthupi. Magazi osaperewera amatuluka kapena kutuluka, mpweya wochuluka umayambitsa zizindikiro zotero mu matenda a mtima:
- chizungulire choopsa mpaka atagwedezeka (mwachitsanzo, ngati mwadzidzidzi mumachoka pamalo ovuta);
- mu malo okhwima kumbali ya kumanzere palikumva kupweteka, mtima wamtima;
- kuthamanga mofulumira mu ziwiya;
- phokoso losokonezeka m'makutu, kuwonongeka;
- kutopa mwamsanga;
- Nthawi zambiri kugona kumakhala ndi zoopsa.
Rheumatic polyarthritis, myocarditis
Kupeza matenda a mtima ndi zizindikiro kumakuthandizani kudziwa momwe mungakhalire ndi kusintha kwa ntchito zomwe zimayambitsa zolakwika mu ntchito ya mtima. Endocarditis , atherosclerosis ndi rheumatic kutupa (mavuto pambuyo pa pharyngitis, zilonda zam'mimba, SARS) zingayambitse kusintha m'mitima ya mtima (yopapatiza ndi kupunduka), kumapangitsa mtima kulephera.
Kawirikawiri zizindikiro zimadalira kuti ma valve kapena kuphatikiza kwawo kunakhudzidwa bwanji. Rheumatic polyarthritis, rheumatic myocarditis imapezeka mu labotale yomwe ili ndi mayesero a magazi, electro-, echocardiograms, koma palinso ziwonetsero.
Matenda a mtima wa rheumatic ali ndi zizindikiro zotere:
- kupuma kovuta;
- kuwonjezereka kopwetekedwa m'maganizo (anthu amati "amapotoza mfundo");
- Kutopa ndi zochitika zooneka (mulibe mphamvu kuti mutuluke pabedi);
- kumverera kopweteka mu chifuwa, pamtima;
- kuoneka khungu pakhungu;
- chizungulire chofatsa.
Kulephera mtima kwa matenda a mtima kumayambitsa zizindikiro zotere:
- maonekedwe a kutupa miyendo, mimba (kutupa);
- kupindula mofulumira;
- lonyowa, kutsogoloza chifuwa choyera mumatope;
- kunyoza, kunjenjemera kwakukulu;
- kusokonezeka kwa chigwirizano cha mtima;
- ululu m'chifuwa;
- kufooka asanagwere mu loto.
Tiyenera kuzindikira kuti zizindikiro zooneka za matenda a mtima (zobadwa, zofooka) sizimapangitsa kutsimikiziridwa kwa matendawa pambuyo pa mayeso. Mofananamo, ndi zizindikilo zochepa, ndipo ngakhale kuti palibe, mungakhale ndi mavuto aakulu a mtima.
Nkhondo sizichotsa miyoyo yambiri ngati chiŵerengero cha dziko lathu lapansi chodziŵika ndi matenda a mtima chikuchepa. Masewera olimbitsa thupi, moyo wathanzi, zakudya zoyenera, kuyang'anitsitsa kuthamanga kwa magazi - izi ndizofunika kuti zitha kupewa matenda okhudzana ndi mtima.