Zoperekedwa ndi zothandiza ndi kasupe kukonzanso kwa munda kuchokera ku tizirombo ndi matenda, kotero mutha kusunga mitengo ndi tchire, kusintha zokolola ndi kuteteza imfa. Pali ndalama zambiri zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi malamulo kuti zithetse zotsatira zokhazokha.
Kusamalidwa kumunda kwa munda kuchokera ku tizirombo
Ntchito yaikulu yopopera mbewu mankhwalawa ndiyo kupewa matenda ndi tizilombo zomwe zingathe kuchitika nthawi yonseyi, makamaka zowopsa panthawi yomwe kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala kumakhudzanso ubwino wa mbeu. Olima munda akusiyanitsa magawo amenewa: kumayambiriro kwa kasupe kukonzanso kwa munda, isanayambe kusokonezeka kwa impso, isanakhale ndi pambuyo maluwa komanso panthawi yopanga mazira. Onani kuti kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa kumachokera pamwamba pa mutu mpaka thunthu, kuyambira pa nthambi zapamwamba. Pamapeto pake, thunthu ndi nthaka zikuyendetsedwa.
Kukonzekera kasupe kukonzanso kwa munda
M'munda mumasitolo mungagule mankhwala apadera omwe angathandize kupewa kutuluka kwa tizirombo ndi matenda. Kukonzekera kwa kasupe ntchito:
- Musanayambe kuphukira, mundawo ukhoza kuwaza ndi Nisaran kapena Borneo. Amalimbana ndi mazira ndi mphutsi.
- Mphukira ikamakula ndipo maluwa akutha, kukonzekera koteroko kungagwiritsidwe ntchito pokonza munda: "HOM" ndi "Fufanon".
- Ndi mphutsi, tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndi matenda, Kukonzekera ndi Kukonzekera kwa Mkazi, komwe kuli ndi njira zothandizira, kudzathandizira kupirira.
- Pali njira zamagetsi zogwiritsira ntchito zokhudzana ndi nsabwe za m'masamba, masewera ndi nthata, mwachitsanzo, " Aktara ", "Carbofos" ndi "Benzophosphate".
- Polimbana ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, kasupe wam'munda motsutsana ndi tizirombo ndi matenda amalola kugwiritsa ntchito "Phosphamide", "Gordon", "Zolon" kapena "Trichlorometaphos".
Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, omwe ndi okonda zachilengedwe komanso osakhala koopsa kwa anthu ndi nyama, ayenera kusankhidwa mosiyana. Kukonzekera mankhwalawa kumagwiritsa ntchito bowa komanso mabakiteriya omwe amawononga thupi la tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Njira zotero monga Boverin, Lepidotsid, Verticillin, Aktofit ndi ena ndi otchuka. Mankhwalawa ali ndi njira yothandizira komanso yogwirizana. Ntchito yawo ndi yayifupi kuposa kukonzekera mankhwala, choncho mankhwala amachitidwa nthawi zambiri. Malangizo ogwiritsiridwa ntchito amasonyezedwa pa phukusi.
Kuchiza kwa munda kumayambiriro kwa kasupe ndi urea
Mothandizidwa ndi feteleza wotchuka, n'zotheka kupewa kupezeka kwa nkhanambo , kuvunda, ndi mavuto ena. Kukonza nyengo kwa munda wa urea kumatha kupha nyama ndi mazira a tizirombo zosiyanasiyana. Kuonjezera apo, ndi feteleza yabwino, chifukwa ili ndi nayitrogeni wambiri, yomwe ndi yofunikira kuti yowonjezera nyengo yakukula. Pokonzekera kukonzekera, 1 makilogalamu a phulusa ayenera kuimitsidwa mu 10 malita a madzi. Pambuyo pake, madziwa ayenera kuphikidwa kwa kanthawi, kukhetsa ndi kutsimikizira. Musanagwiritsire ntchito kulowetsedwa m'pofunika kuwonjezera 20 g sopo ndi 30 g wa urea.
Kuchiza kwa munda kumayambiriro kwa masika ndi mkuwa sulphate
Amaluwa ambiri amakakamizidwa kumapeto kwa kasupe kuti ateteze tizilombo ndi matenda, tichite kupopera mbewu. Amagwira bwino ndi powdery mildew , nkhanambo, kuvunda ndi zina zotero. Processing wa munda m'chaka ndi mkuwa sulfate akhoza kuchitika pansi pa nyengo. Ngati mukufuna kupeza zotsatira zabwino, ndiye kusakanikirana ndi vitriol ndi mandimu, mutenge mankhwalawo mofanana.
Kuchiza kwa munda kumtunda ndi vitriol yachitsulo
Pofuna kupaka njoka ndi kupopera mbewu, mavitriol a chitsulo angagwiritsidwe ntchito, omwe amatha kuthana ndi tizirombo ndi matenda. Chithandizo chiyenera kuchitika musanayambe masamba, pamene angathe kutenthedwa, zomwe zingawononge maluwa. Sulphate yachitsulo imaletsedwa kuphatikiza ndi laimu ndi zigawo zina zomwe zimawopa alkali. Ndikofunika kudziwa nthawi yopanga munda wam'munda pamapeto a mlingo wamagetsi a zitsulo, kotero, kukonkha mitengo yamtengo wapatali yamtengo wapatali, 3% madzi amafunikira, ndipo ena - 4%. Kuti chithandizo cha zitsamba chitsimikizidwe ndi 2% ndi choyenera.
Kupereka mankhwala kwa maluwa kuchokera ku tizirombo ndi matenda kumachitika pogwiritsa ntchito phulusa. Sakanizani 3 tbsp. madzi otentha ndi 1 tbsp. adapukuta phulusa, kenako amaumiriza masiku atatu. Pambuyo pa izi, onjezerani izi mu 9 l poyimirira madzi ndikuyika 50-600 g ya ferrous sulphate. Chida chokonzekera sichimangopera mbewu m'munda, komanso kuthirira nthaka yozungulira.
Kuchiza kwa munda m'masika a Bordeaux osakaniza
Chimodzi mwa njira zotchuka kwambiri zoteteza kuchipatala ndi matenda a fungal ndi 3% Bordeaux osakaniza . Kukonzekera, 300 g zamkuwa sulfate (kuchepetsedwa mu madzi okwanira 1 litre) ndi 400 g laimu (kuchepetsedwa mu 9 malita a madzi) ndi osakaniza. Mu laimu yothetsera, modekha kutsanulira lachiwiri madzi. Kupopera mbewu kumaphatikizapo musanafike masambawa, koma kutentha kwafika kale. Ndikofunika kuti palibe mphepo ndi nyengo yamvula. Kuchiza kwa munda ndi Bordeaux kubwerezedwa, pamene masamba amaoneka, koma njira yokhayo iyenera kukhala 1%.
Kuchiza kwa munda ndi Nitrofen mu kasupe
Chithandizo chothandiza chomwe chimapha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, misala, lichens ndi spotting. Onetsetsani kuti nthawi yothandizira munda ndi Nitrofen, kotero kuti kupuma kupopera kumachitika mu March, pamene impso zatsekedwa, pamene kukonzekera kutentha masamba, ndipo mtengo ndi shrub zingafe. Kuti mupange njira yothetsera kupopera mbewu, muyenera kuwonjezera kapu ya Nitrofen ku chidebe cha madzi okwanira 10 litre.
Kusamalira munda mu njira zachikhalidwe za masika
Kusakaniza m'nyengo yamasika, mankhwala amtunduwu sagwiritsidwa ntchito kawirikawiri, chifukwa zinthu zowopsya zimayenera kuwononga tizirombo ndi matenda. Kumayambiriro kwa nyengo kukonzanso kwa munda ndi mankhwala amtunduwu akulimbikitsidwa monga mobwerezabwereza njira zothetsera zotsatira zomwe zimapezeka chifukwa cha kukonzekera mankhwala. Maphikidwe ovomerezeka bwino:
- Garlic kulowetsedwa. Gulani 0,5 makilogalamu a adyo ndikutsanulira 3 malita a madzi. Kuumirira maola angapo, kenako kupsyinjika. Garlic kachiwiri, kenako finyani. Sakanizani zakumwa ziwiri zomwe mumalandira ndikuwonjezera madzi kuti mupeze 10 malita a adyo kukoma kwa kasupe processing wa munda.
- Kusuta fodya. Thirani fodya kapena fodya ndi madzi, kusunga 1:10. Gwiritsani ntchito yankho lanu tsiku limodzi, kenaka pukutani ndi kuwonjezera madzi, kuwonjezera voliyumu ndi theka. Musanayambe kupopera mbewu pazikhalitsa 10 malita a kulowetsedwa kwa magalamu 40 a sopo.
Kuchiza kwa munda kumapeto kwa mafuta a dizilo
Njira zothandizira kupewa matenda ndi zoopsa za tizilombo zingaphatikizepo mankhwala ndi dizilo, yomwe imathandiza kwambiri matenda a fungal ndi opatsirana, komanso mphutsi za tizilombo tosiyanasiyana. Kuchiza kwa munda ndi mafuta a dzuwa kuchokera ku tizirombo ndi matenda kumayambitsa mapangidwe pamwamba pa mitengo ya filimu yomwe imalola kuti mpweya usadutse, ndipo chifukwa chake, tizilombo timatha. Pankhaniyi, zomera sizingagwiritsidwe ntchito pa zigawo zikuluzikulu, koma ndondomekoyo iyenera kuchitika malinga ndi malamulo.
- Pophika, sakanizani malita 20 a mafuta a dizilo ndi 5 malita a dongo ndi madzi. Njirayi ingagwiritsidwe ntchito ngakhale pa maluwa. Choyamba yesani pa nthambi imodzi kuti muwone zomwe zimachitika.
- Kupereka mankhwala kumatanthawuza kupopera mankhwala, ndipo muyenera kuchita zonse mwabwino.
Kupereka mankhwala kumunda kwa potaziyamu permanganate ndi ammonia
Mankhwala abwino ndi feteleza ndi njira yothetsera potassium permanganate. Amalimbana bwino ndi matenda a fungal. Ndikofunika kuti musagwiritse ntchito chithandizo choterechi chakumunda kuchokera ku tizirombo ndi matenda, makamaka pa mchere kapena ndale. Kukonzekera yankho mu 1 tbsp. madzi, tumizani potassium permanganate kuti mupange pinki yofiira. Fukani zomera pamene mulibe masamba ndi maluwa.
Kusamalidwa kumunda kwa munda ndi ammonia kumalinso kofunikira komanso koyenera, makamaka pa kasabwe. Pofuna kuthetsa vutoli mu 10 malita a madzi, onjezerani supuni ziwiri za mankhwala, komanso musanayambe kukonzera 40 g sopo, zomwe zingakhale bwino kugaya pa grater. Fulutsani munda madzulo kwa masiku angapo ndi nthawi yaying'ono. Ndikofunika kubwereza ndondomekoyi katatu.
Kuchiza kwa munda ndi sopo yankho
Njira yosavuta yowononga tizilombo ikuwathira madzi ndi sopo. Mukhoza kutsuka ndi kupopera. Mukhoza kutenga sopo kapena phala kuti mupange munda. Pachiyambi choyamba, 300 g amatengedwa pa 100 l, ndipo yachiwiri 100 g. Ndondomeko ikuchitika musanayambe masamba. Sopo wina akhoza kuwonjezeredwa ku yankho la phulusa, lomwe lidzawonjezera mphamvu zake.
Kuchiza kwa munda mu kasupe koloko phulusa
Kuteteza mitengo ndi tchire kuchokera ku tizirombo ndi matenda, mukhoza kugwiritsa ntchito yankho la soda ndi sopo. Pokonzekera mu madzi okwanira 1 litre, onjezerani 2 tbsp. supuni za soda ndi 50 g wosweka sopo. The processing wa munda ndi calcined koloko ayenera kuchitika pamaso maonekedwe a masamba wobiriwira. Ndikoyenera kupopera thunthu, nthambi, ndi bwalo lapafupi. Njira yothetsera soda ikhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito kusintha zokolola za maapulo, mwachitsanzo, ngati maapulo akufalikira, ndiye kuti zokolola sizikhala zakuya komanso zowawa. Sakanizani malita 10 a madzi ndi 100 g ya mchere wowerengedwa.