Katsitsumzukwa - kumakula panja, zothandiza zothandiza kubzala

Katsitsumzukwa kumatengedwa kuti ndi mbewu yapadera komanso yosangalatsa kwambiri, kulima kosalekeza ndi kozizira kumeneku kumapangidwa m'mayiko ambiri padziko lapansi kwazaka mazana ambiri. Tsopano sikunayambitsidwanso ngati chokwera mtengo chokwera kwa ambuye achifumu, mwamphamvu kupeza chilolezo chokhalapo kosatha mu zakudya zambiri za dziko.

Katsitsumzukwa ndemanga

Zomera za banja la katsitsumzukwa zimapezeka m'madera onse, koma zambiri zimakula m'mayiko okhala ndi nyengo youma. Chimaimira udzu wosatha ndi kutalika kwa mamita limodzi ndi hafu, omwe amalandira kuchokera ku 9 mpaka 12 yowutsa mudzu wa mphukira, wokonzeka kugwiritsa ntchito kuyambira April mpaka June. Mtengo wapamwamba wa katsitsumzukwa umagwirizanitsidwa ndi nthawi yochepa yokolola, zokolola zochepa komanso maulendo ang'onoting'ono a zipatso zatsopano. Pamene masambawa akuwonjezereka, masambawo amakhala ouma ndikutaya kukoma, kotero kuchedwa mu kuyeretsa sikuloledwa.

Kugulitsa kuli koyera, violet ndi masamba obiriwira katsitsumzukwa, njira ya kulima makhadi amachititsa mtundu wa zokolola ndi zokometsera. Pofuna kupeza mphukira zoyera, nthawi zonse zimatulutsa madzi, zimateteza dzuwa. Ngati pogona pa nthaka ya mphukira yachitidwa pang'onopang'ono, ndikupatseni katsitsumzukwa mwayi wouma pansi paziyezi zotentha, ndiye kuti nsongazo zikhale ndi chigoba chotchedwa violet hue. Katsitsumzukwa kobiriwira kamakula pamtunda wotseguka popanda mapiri.

Katsitsumzukwa kosiyanasiyana

Tsopano, katsitsumzukwa kakukula kumunda ndipo munda umagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka mtundu wamwamuna, ponena za lotseguka mungu wochepa. Sichimabala mbewu zowonjezera bwino, zokonzeka kufesa, koma zimakhala zokolola zochulukirapo zazomera ndi zamphamvu. Zing'onoting'ono za osankhidwa akunja ku Jersey, Giver Prince, Jersey Knight, Syn 53, UC 157, Syn 4-362 sizinali zoyipa.

Pakali pano, mitundu yoposa mazana atatu ya zomera izi zagwedezeka. Pogulitsa ntchito, mbewu za katsitsumzu, mankhwala okongoletsera kapena zamasamba zimagulitsidwa. Mosiyana ndi zinyama, mitundu imabereka kunyumba, ngati mukufuna, mutha kupeza mbewu yanu pazinthu zanu. Maphunziro abwino kwambiri ndi otchuka chifukwa cha katsitsumzukwa kwa Slava Braunschweig, Mutu wa Snow ndi Kumapeto kwa Argentina.

Kudzala katsitsumzukwa mbewu pamalo otseguka

Mundawu uli ndi zonse, katsitsumzukwa kamadulidwa kudula, kudula chitsamba ndikugwiritsa ntchito mbewu. Njira yotsirizayi ikukhudzana ndi mavuto ena, nthawi zambiri amateurs amadandaula za kumera kochepa. Kulima mbewu za chikhalidwe kudzakhala njira yabwino kwambiri kwa anthu omwe alibe ziberekero za uterine kapena kumakhala kumadera kumene zomerazi sizikusowa. Odzikonda omwe akufuna chidwi cha katsitsumzukwa, kulima ndi kubalana kwa chomera chodabwitsa akhoza kulemba mosavuta mitundu yosiyanasiyana yomwe imasankhidwa ndi makalata, kupeza mbewu zake kuzungulira dziko lapansi.

Katsitsumzukwa - malo obzala

Ngati mumabzala mbewu m'munda kumapeto kwa nyengo, zidzakhala zovuta kupeza zotsatira zabwino kwa wolima masamba. Katsitsumzukwa kakukula bwino kuchokera ku mbewu ndizogwiritsira ntchito, koma njira yodalirika yobzala muzitsulo, ndipo mbewu yokha imapatsidwa chithandizo ndi zokonzekera zolimbikitsa pofuna kuonjezera chiwerengero cha kumera. Lamulo la kulima chikhalidwe ichi ndi losavuta komanso losavuta kuchita kunyumba.

Kulima katsitsumzukwa kwa mbewu:

1. M'masiku oyambirira a mwezi wa April, timadonthola mbewu kwa maola makumi asanu ndi awiri (48) mu njira yothetsera madzi ndi zokopa ("Epin", "Zircon" , njira zina zomwe zilipo).
2. Kubzala, timagwiritsa ntchito zitsulo ndi nthaka, zomwe zimaphatikizapo manyowa, peat ndi nthaka yosalekeza m'munda wanu (1: 1: 1).
3. Mbewu imaphimba pansi ndi wosanjikiza wa masentimita 1, kuyika izo molingana ndi chiwembu cha 6x6 masentimita.
4. Wothirani nthaka ndi madzi kuchokera ku sprayer.
5. Pa nthawi ya kumera, timaphimba timapepala ndi mafilimu kapena timadzi kuti nthaka isame.
6. Kutentha mumtsuko kumakhalabe pafupi 25-27 ° C.
7. Nthawi zambiri timayimila mbewu kuti tizitha.
8. Nthawi yobzala mbeu imakhala masabata asanu ndi limodzi! Muyenera kuyembekezera nthawi yaitali mpaka katsamba katsitsumzukwa kakuwonekera, kulima chikhalidwechi kumafuna kukalamba.

Kufika nthawi mu katsitsumzukwa

Mbeu zazing'ono za zomera zimakhala zofooka nthawizonse kusiyana ndi kubzala, zomwe zimachokera vegetatively. Sikokwanira kuti mupeze mbewu zatsitsumzu zochokera ku mbewu, nthawi yoti mubzalidwe mphukira zofooka pansi, ndikofunikira kusankha bwino kwambiri. Zinyama sizili zoyenera pakati pa malo oyandikana nawo kuti azisamutsire ku malo osatha pamaso pa zaka khumi zachiwiri za June. Katsitsumzukwa ndi chomera chosasunthika chomera, koma mphukira zazing'ono zingathe kuvutika ndi chisanu.

Kubzala katsitsumzukwa kumamera

Mu March-June, n'zosavuta kufalitsa uthenga wokonda masamba ndi cuttings, kupeza mbande zabwino kuchokera chaka chatha mphukira, kudula kwa akuluakulu uterine zomera. Kubzala msuzi wa katsitsumzukwa kumalo otseguka kumapangidwa pansi pa makotolo, omwe amapangidwa kuchokera ku mabotolo apulasitiki omwe alipo. Mu nthawi ya rooting, ndibwino kuti tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizitha kutentha mphukira, titenge mawindo oteteza maola angapo mu nyengo yamadzulo kapena nthawi yamadzulo. Mu mwezi ndi theka, mbande zidzakhala zokonzeka kupota.

Chiwembu chodzala katsitsumzukwa kutchire - malamulo oyambirira

Sitiyenera kuiwala kuti tikulimbana ndi chikhalidwe cha katsitsumzukwa ka nthawi yaitali, kubzala ndikuchiyika kuthengo kwa zaka zambiri kumalo osatha. Bedi lomwe liri ndi mbande m'nyumba zazing'ono ziyenera kuikidwa pa mpanda kapena khoma. Njira yowonjezereka ndi yoyenera kwa madera akulu kumene masamba a katsitsumzukwa kamabzalidwa, ndikukula mmalo mwake mu mizere mpaka masentimita 30. Pakati pa mizera timachoka patali mamita 1.

Katsitsumzukwa mbande - kubzala masiku

Kwa malo otseguka, mbande yathanzi ndi yamphamvu ya msuzi wa katsitsumzukwa ndi abwino, kufooka, odwala ndi mbuto zosayenera nthawi zambiri zimapereka zotsatira zabwino, ziyenera kutayidwa mwamsanga. Kuchokera ku wowonjezera kutentha, mbande za chaka chatha zidabzalidwa m'nthaka kumayambiriro a nyengo ya masika, nthaka ikawomba bwino. Ngati mwakhala mukupanga mbande m'nyengo yozizira ndipo munalandira mbande yachilendo m'nyengo ya chilimwe, kenaka muwasamutsire kumalo osatseguka pasanafike pakati pa mwezi wa June, kotero kuti mphukirazo zikhale ndi nthawi yosinthira chisanu.

Katsitsumzukwa - kukula

Mlimi aliyense amene alimi amakolola kukolola bwino amafunika kuthirira moyenera, feteleza, kumasula nthaka ndi kuchotsa namsongole m'mabwalo. Kusamalira katsitsumzukwa sikuli chinthu chovuta, ntchito zonse zazikulu za kulima zikhoza kulembedwa mu ndime zingapo. Chinthu chofunika kwambiri ndi khalidwe labwino la ulimi ndi kusunga mlingo woyenera wa feteleza.

Kukula katsitsumzukwa m'dziko - kuthirira

Msuzi wa katsitsumzu wa masamba umakula ndikusamba ndi madzi okwanira, pamene madzi amalowa pansi pazu muzitsamba zochepa. Kuwonjezera pa nkhaniyi sikuyenera kukhala, kupuma kwa chinyezi kwa nthawi yaitali pafupi ndi mizu yopindulitsa zomera sizingabweretse. Kuti mupeze zokolola zabwino, pali madzi okwanira asanu ndi awiri m'nyengo yachilimwe. Ndibwino kuti ukhale nawo limodzi ndi mchere wotsatira womwe umayenera kutsegula nthaka.

Kukula katsitsumzukwa kunyumba - kuvala pamwamba

Popanda feteleza bwino, ulimi wamakono sungaganizire. Kwa katsitsumzukwa ka nthawi yaitali ka kukula ndi kusamalira pamalo otseguka, muyenera kukhazikitsa nthawi yodyera nthawi yake. Ndondomeko yoyamba iyenera kuchitika pamene mukubzala mbande, zigawo zotsatirazi zimayikidwa mu nthaka nyengo yonse yokula.

Maganizo a pamwamba-kuvala katsitsumzukwa:

1. Mukamabzala m'chaka, mukhoza kupanga feteleza (humus) pa mlingo wa makilogalamu 10 / m².
2. M'miyezi ya m'dzinja, pamene katsitsumzukwa kamabzala pa 1 mamita ^{awiri a} nthaka, mpaka 60 g ya superphosphate, 30 g wa potaziyamu sulphate, 10 g wa ammonium sulphate amaperekedwa.
3. Njira yothetsera madzi ndi mullein (1: 5) yowonjezera imadyetsedwa masamba aang'ono pamwezi mutabzala.
4. Chovala chovala chapamwamba cha katsamba katsamba katsamba katsamba ndikugwiritsa ntchito feteleza nitrogen-phosphorous feteleza. Mlingo - mpaka 30 g / m ² nthaka.
5. Katsitsumzukwa kotuta kumachitika kumapeto kwa kasupe kapena kumayambiriro kwa chilimwe, mutatha kukolola kosatha tchire tiyenera kukhala ndi feteleza ndi superphosphate, potaziyamu mchere ndi urea (30 g / m ² ). Ntchito izi zimathandiza zomera kubwezeretsa mphamvu.
6. Mu July, katsitsumzukwa kakupitiriza kukulirakulira ndipo kumafuna zakudya, zimathandiza kudyetsa zitosi za mbalame zochepa (1:10).
7. Ntchito yomaliza ya feteleza imapangidwa nyengo isanayambe nyengo yachisanu mu October. Nayitrogeni kupereka katsitsumzukwa mu kugwa sikukhoza, phosphorus yokwanira ndi potaziyamu (30 g / m ² superphosphate ndi potaziyamu sulphate).
8. Kumapeto kwa nyengoyi, timachotsa msuzi wa katsitsumzukwa kumadzulo, m'madera ozizira timakhala pogona pa tchire ndi peat. Mukhoza kutsanulira dothi pamwamba pa zomera ndi makulidwe a masentimita asanu kuti musamadziwe.

Kulima katsitsumzukwa - matenda ndi tizirombo

Matenda owopsa a katsitsumzukwa ndi zovunda zofiira chifukwa cha bowa Helicobasidium purpureum. Ngati muli ndi tchire lalikulu pa tsambali, timapepala timayang'ana pamabedi, chifukwa chakufa kwa ziwalo zapamwamba za tchire. Katsitsumzukwa - mbewu zosagwira ntchito, kukula kwa zomera ndi kugwiritsa ntchito malamulo ofunikira a zaulimi kumathandiza kulimbana ndi matendawa. Pofuna kupewa, tchire timachiritsidwa ndi "Fundazol" , ngati bowa lafalikira kale kudera lalikulu, ndi bwino kuyika malo atsopano.

Kawirikawiri pammera mungapeze mbozi yosazindikirika yomwe imadya msipu wobiriwira. Zowononga tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Mphutsi ya katsitsumzukwa imawombera mphukira, imawawombera zikwapu. Ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda (tizilombo toyambitsa shuga, tizilombo toyambitsa khungu) timenyane ndi kupopera mbewu mankhwala ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda "Fufanon" kapena "Fitoverm" .