Ngati mukufuna chitumbuwa chokhala ndi zipatso zabwino, mumabzala, ndikuchikonza chiyenera kuchitidwa molingana ndi malamulo. Panthawi yabwino mtengo wotero umakula bwino mpaka zaka 15. Chipatso chokoma ndi chowawa chokoma ndi chotchuka kwa compotes, juices, jams ndi pies, yogwiritsidwa ntchito mwatsopano komanso mwatsopano.
Cherry - kubzala ndi kusamalira poyera
Mtengo wa chitumbuwa umakula mpaka mamita 10, ndipo uli ndi zipatso zokwana 2 masentimita m'mimba mwake. Maluwa a Cherry mu April ali ndi coronals oyera kapena pinki ndipo amakhala mtundu umodzi wa zomera zabwino kwambiri m'munda. Mtengo umakonda kukulira pa malo owunikira ndi gawo lotsekedwa, mchenga kapena loamy gawo. Musati mubzale pafupi ndi madzi pansi kapena m'madera otsika okhala ndi chinyezi chambiri. Kuti mupeze zokolola zamtengo wapatali kuchokera ku chisamaliro cha yamatcheri ndi kulima ziyenera kuchitidwa bwino. Mtengowo umabzalidwa masika kapena autumn, mulimonsemo pali ndondomeko za rooting.
Spring kubzala yamatcheri
Ngati chitumbuwacho chimayamba mizu m'chaka, mbande zimakhala ndi nthawi yowonjezera ndikukula. Ntchito imachitika ngati nthaka yayamba kale, ndipo impso zisanathe. Nthawi yabwino yobzala yamatcheri kumapeto kwa April. Mukamagula, sankhani mitengo yazaka ziwiri zokha masentimita 60. Cherry - kubzala ndi kusamalira:
- Mizu ya mbewuyi kwa maola atatu imakhala m'madzi kuti idzaze ndi chinyontho;
- Fossa imakumba ndi masentimita 80 cm, 60 masentimita mozama;
- chigoba chachikulu mamita 1 chimakonzedwa mkati mwake;
- Pansi, dothi losakaniza ndi kuvala pamwamba, limamera mmera kuti tsinde likhale la masentimita 2-3 pamwamba pa nthaka;
- Mizu ya mbewuyo yowongoka, nthaka yokonzedweratu imaphatikizidwa ku dzenje ndi modekha tamped;
- Pambuyo pofika pamtunda, phokoso limapanga mtunda wa masentimita 30, chidebe cha madzi chimatsanulidwira;
- ndiye bwalo lamtengo wapatali limatsanulidwa ndi peat, utuchi, mmera umayikidwa ku khola;
- Pamene mukukonzekera munda, kuchuluka kwa mitengo n'kofunikira - ayenera kulandira kuchokera ku nthaka zinthu zonse zofunika. Zidutswa zimayikidwa pakati pa ma 2.5-3 m.
Cherry kubzala mu autumn
Garden cherries mutabzala m'dzinja n'zosatheka kukhala ndi nthawi kukula mpaka chimfine. Ikhoza kuvutika kwambiri kuchokera ku chisanu kapena kufa kwathunthu. Choncho, ndi bwino kukonzekera ndikuyesa mbande za chitumbuwa, ndikudzala ndi kusamalira pakhomo kuti muzipereka. Mmene mungasunge mtengo wogula:
- m'mphepete mwabwalo la munda, kumene chipale chofewa chimakhala chotalika kwambiri masika, kutulutsa dzenje lakuya 40 cm pamtunda wa digiri 45;
- Mu ngalandeyi mumayika mmera - mizu ndi gawo lachitatu la thunthu, lodzazidwa ndi nthaka ndi madzi ambiri;
- Mtengo uli ndi nthambi za pinini m'litali lonse. Chipale chofewa chitagwa, chisanu choyaka chipale chofewa chokhala ndi kutalika kwa masentimita 50 chimaponyedwa pamwamba pa nyemba;
- kotero m'nyengo yozizira, chitumbuwa chomwe chinagulidwa m'dzinja chabzala, kubzala ndi kusamalira zimapangidwa m'chaka. Pezani mmera musanayambe kuwomba mu dzenje lakuya.
Ngati chigamulocho chaperekedwa kuti chizuke mtengo ku malo osatha a kuphulika, ndiye kuti ntchitoyi ikuchitika mu October. Panthawiyi, mmera uli kale mu mpumulo, ndipo zimatengera masabata 3-4 chisanu chisanayambe. Yambani chodzala mwa kudula mizu mu dongo la manyowa ndi manyowa, ndiye mtengo ukhoza kuzulidwa m'dzenje. Mmera umaphatikizidwira pamphepete, mutatha kuthirira mphete ya mbiya iyenera kuti ikhale yotsekedwa - akugona mokwanira ndi utuchi.
Feteleza mutabzala yamatcheri
Kwa yamatcheri wamaluwa, chisamaliro ndi kulima kumayamba ndi kubzala mu gawo lolemera la michere. Nthaka ya rooting imakonzedwa kuchokera ku autumn - dolomite ufa kapena laimu mu kuchuluka kwa magalamu 400 pa mita imodzi imodzi imapulutsidwa pa chiwembu ndipo gawo lapansi limapyozedwa mpaka kuya kwa bayonet. Patangotha sabata, imakhala ndi manyowa okwanira 15 makilogalamu. pa sq.m. Mu kasupe, mutabzala chomera chonde chakumtunda chikuchotsedwa, kuphatikizapo humus mu ndende imodzi, ndi 1 makilogalamu. phulusa, 30-40 g wa superphosphate , 25 g wa potaziyamu kloride . Kusakaniza uku ndibwino kwambiri kubzala chomera mu dzenje.
Cherry - kudulira ndi kuumba korona
Garden chitumbuwa, kubzala ndi kusamalira zomwe zinachitidwa molondola, zimapereka kukula kofulumira kwa mphukira. Kuyambira pano, korona yake imakula ndipo nthambi zambiri zing'onozing'ono zimayamba. Ngati udzu ukatuluka, zipatso zidzakhala zazikulu, masambawo adzakhala ndi thanzi labwino, ndipo nthambi zobala zipatso zidzakhala moyo wautali. Mtengo umafunika kudulira ngati mphukira ikuwonjezeka kuposa 50 cm. Malamulo a kudulira chitumbuwa:
- Njira yoyamba idzachitika mu March mu April, mpaka impso zidzatsegule;
- ngati kutaya kwa madzi kwapita kale, kudulira mitengo kuyenera kusinthidwa, mwinamwake nthambi zidzauma;
- kumapeto kwa zamasamba, kudulira mitengo kumapiri;
- Ndondomeko yoyenera kuchotsa nthambi zodwala ndi zothandiza, zomwe zingatheke chaka chonse.
Spring kudulira yamatcheri
Chofunika kwambiri ndi kasupe kamene kamapanga mtengo, nthawizina kukwanira kuti chitukuko chikhale bwino. Ikuchitika patatha milungu itatu isanayambe kuphulika. Konzani kudulira kwa yamatcheri m'chaka:
- Ngati mphukira zapachaka zimapangidwa osati masentimita 35, sizimakhudzidwa, ndiye zimangoyamba korona ndi nthambi zotsutsana;
- Thunthu la mtengo lifupikitsidwa, koma liyenera kukhala pamwamba pa nthambi za chigoba ndi masentimita 20;
- Zigawo zimatsitsimuka nthawi yomweyo ndi mkuwa wa sulfate.
Yophukira kudula mitengo yamatcheri
Mu nthawi yophukira, mtengo umadulidwa mochepa - amawopa kuwononga zokolola zam'tsogolo, chifukwa chilonda chogwiritsidwa ntchito chisanakhale chisanu chimapangitsa chomera kukhala chovuta. Ngati zili choncho, zitsimikizirani kuzigwira, kenako sankhani mphindi pakati pa mapeto a zomera ndi chimfine choyamba. M'nyengo yophukira, odwala ndi ophulika amachotsedwa, omwe thumba siliyenera kudyetsa kufikira masika kuti awononge nthambi zathanzi.
Kudulira mitengo yamatcheri pa kubzala kumapangidwira kumanga korona wokoma. Nthambi zonse za thunthu pansipa 40 cm zimachotsedwa. Pamwamba pa mlingo uwu, 6 mphukira zamphamvu zatsala ngati zigoba. Ayenera kuikidwa moyenera. Gawo la pansi - nthambi zitatu, chachiwiri - ziwiri, pamwamba - chimodzi chimodzi. Nthambi zomwe zimatuluka mu korona zimadulidwa. Chaka chilichonse chomera m'dzinja sichifunika kudulira. Ngakhale mosasunthika amachotsa mizu, imayenera kuigwiritsa ntchito kuti izitha kubereka.
Kusamalira yamatcheri m'dzikoli
Mutabzala yamatcheri muyenera kutsatira ndondomeko yosamalira mtengo. Ntchito zazikulu:
- Kutsegula nthaka. Chisamaliro chotere cha yamatcheri chimayambira kumayambiriro kwa kasupe ndikupitiriza nyengo yonse ya zomera. Izi zimapangitsa kuti dziko lapansi likhale lodzaza ndi oxygen, kuti lisunge chinyezi nthawi yayitali. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, bwalo loyambira limamasulidwa kumsongole.
- Kuthirira. Nthawi yoyamba mtengo umatsitsidwa pambuyo maluwa mwamsanga. Yachiwiri ndi chiyambi cha kukula kwa kukula kwa chipatso. Pangani - ndowa 3-6 pazu umodzi. Kutsirizira kotsiriza kwa podzimny kwachitika kumayambiriro kwa October pambuyo kugwa kwa kugwa.
- Feteleza. Njirayi imapereka zokolola, zimakhudza kukula kwa mbewu. Amakhala chaka chonse, makonzedwe odyetsa amasiyana masika ndi autumn.
Kusamalira chitumbuwa cha Spring
Spring ndi yofunika posamalira mitengo, panthaŵiyi, ntchito zambiri zamuyaya ziyenera kuchitidwa kuti zitsimikizire kukula bwino kwa mbewu ndi kukolola zochuluka. Kuwonjezera pa kudulira odwala, nthambi zouma komanso kupanga chovala, zotsatirazi zimatengedwa kumapeto kwa nyengo:
- Kutchera kwa thunthu. Limu amawononga fungula zonse ndi tizirombo pansi pa makungwa. Gawo ndi mabala amamwetsedwa ndi mkuwa wa sulphate ndipo amapangidwa ndi utoto.
- Pakati pa mtengo amachotsedwa zinyalala, udzu wouma, nthaka ikumba.
- Kupaka zovala zapamwamba kumachitika koyamba pa maluwa. Kwa ichi, chidebe cha manyowa + kilogram ya phulusa amagwiritsidwa ntchito, kuchepetsedwa mu malita 10 a madzi. Chovala chachiwiri chofananako chimachitika patatha masabata angapo pambuyo pake.
- Kusamalira chitumbuwa kasupe kumaphatikizapo kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa. Ndi cholinga cholimbana ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda omwe amatsegulidwa pambuyo pa nyengo yozizira. Pakuti izi, azophos ndi Bordeaux osakaniza ndi abwino. Mankhwalawa ayenera kusinthidwa. Kwa nthawi yoyamba (itatha impso kutsegulidwa kumapeto kwa March - kumayambiriro kwa April), mtengo umapulitsidwa ndi azofos. Pambuyo pa masabata awiri, mufunika kupopera kachilombo, nthawi ino pogwiritsa ntchito Bordeaux osakaniza.
Kusamalira chitumbuwa cha masika
Pambuyo kukolola, mtengo umafunikanso kusamalidwa kotero kuti ukhoza kupulumuka nthawi yozizira. Cherry - chisamaliro ndi kulera kwa autumn:
- Dulani nthambi zodwala, zowuma ndi zowonongeka;
- Mabala onse amakutidwa ndi mkuwa wa sulphate, atakulungidwa ndi nsalu;
- Bwalo la thunthu limakumbidwa kwa kuya kwa masentimita 15;
- Mtengo uyenera kudyetsedwa, mulingo woyenera kwambiri kupanga:
- organic: utuchi, manyowa, zitosi zowonongeka mbalame;
- Pakati pa kukumba, potash ndi phosphorous kupanga-introduction;
- Bwalo lapafupi lapala limadziwitsidwa ndi yankho la 5% la urea kumayambiriro kwa chisanu choyamba, izi zidzakuthandizani kuthetseratu mavitamini ambiri.