Mmene mungabzala beets - zinsinsi za kukolola

Yankho la funso la momwe mungabzalitsire beets sichidziwika kwa aliyense wokhala m'nyengo ya chilimwe. Chomera ndi chomera chazaka ziwiri, koma nyengo imodzi imalimidwa, monga mizu imakula mmenemo chaka choyamba, ndipo yachiwiri, mphukira imapereka maluwa ndi mbewu. Pofuna kusonkhanitsa zokolola zazikulu za masamba, muyenera kudziwa malamulo ena a kulima.

Njere za kubzala beet pamalo otseguka

Pangani masamba ndi mbewu kapena mbande. Musanayambe kubzala beets, muyenera kukonzekera malo. Chikhalidwe m'malo mwake chimakula m'malo ozizira komanso owala kwambiri, mumthunzi wa mbewu zamasamba sipadzakhala hue wofiira wofiira. Chomeracho chimakonda dothi lachonde, losakhala acidified - loams, peat nkhumba, chernozems ndi ndale kapena pang'ono zamchere anachita, pansi sayenera kukhala pamwamba pa malo.

M'dzinja dziko lapansi limakumbidwa, kutsukidwa namsongole. Pa ziwembu zomwe zinafalikira ndi manyowa kapena kompositi (makamaka pambuyo pa mbeu), ndi bwino kufesa masamba osachepera zaka zitatu. Musanadzalemo beets ndi mbewu poyera pansi, m'chaka pamene kumasula 20-30 g wa sulfuric-acid ammonium, 10-15 g wa potaziyamu kloride, 15-20 g wa ammonium nitrate ndi 30-40 g wa superphosphate pa 1 m ² . Kuchepetsa chilengedwe cha acidic, hafu ya kilogalamu ya laimu imawonjezeka pa 1 mamita ^awiri .

Mankhwala a beet musanadzalemo

Zomwe anakumana nazo wamaluwa amalimbikitsa mbewu usiku wa kufesa zilowerere kutupa. Njirayi idzafulumira kukula kwa mphukira. Pofuna kuyamwa, konzekerani njira yothetsera zakudya - tenga 1 h soda yowonjezera, phulusa ndi superphosphate, kuchepetsa madzi okwanira 1 litre. Mbewu imayimilira tsikulo, imatsukidwa bwino. Poyamba, mungagwiritse ntchito mankhwala olimbitsa thupi "Agricola Vegeta" - supuni 1 pa lita imodzi ya madzi. Pambuyo pa mbeuyi atakulungidwa kwa masiku angapo mu dothi losakanikirana la kumera ndikuyika malo otentha.

Kuzama kwa kubzala mbeu ya beet

Musanadzale beets, muyenera kupanga grooves, moisten iwo ndi kuyembekezera kuyamwa madzi. Dziko lapansi liyenera kukhala lopweteka komanso losasangalatsa. Kusunga mbewu mkati mwa nthaka sikungakhale - chifukwa cha kusowa kwa mpweya, sangakhale proklyutsya. Kufesa kochepa kumakhalanso kosavuta: mbewu zidzathamanga mphepo kapena zidzatentha kwambiri. Momwe mungabzalitsire beets ndi mbewu - yabwino kumanda magawo:

• Mbewu imatsekedwa ndi masentimita 2 kumapeto kwa kasupe;
• pansi pa yozizira mbewu amaikidwa 3-4 masentimita ndi chofunika chophimba cha dera ndi peat kapena humus.

Kodi beet amakula masiku angati atabzala?

The beetroot saopa ozizira, koma otentha mumsewu mu April, mofulumira mphukira zidzamera. Kulima mbewu kumapezeka ku 5 ° C, koma ndi kumera koyambirira, ziphuphu zidzangowonekera patatha masabata atatu. Kubzala beets kumalo otseguka nthawi ina, pamene dziko liphulika mpaka 10-15 ° C, limachepetsa nthawi yolindira kuti zikhalepo kwa masiku 5-6. Ngati msewu uli oposa +20 ° C, mphukira zidzakhala kale pa tsiku lachitatu.

Kubzala mbande za beet

Kuti mupeze zokolola zoyambirira, zimalimbikitsa kukula mbande za beet. Njirayi imayesedwa yodalirika, ndipo mbewu imakololedwa 2-3 milungu isanayambe nthawi. Mbewu imapangidwanso mofanana, monga momwe zimakhalira pofesa pamalo otseguka - kuyamwa ndi kumera. Momwe mungabzalidwe beet mbande:

1. Gawo la pansi mu bokosili limatsitsirizidwa pasadakhale ndi Phytosporin, pofuna kupeŵa matenda a mbewu zamtsogolo ndi mdima wakuda , madzi.
2. Kenaka mizere imapangidwa pamtunda uliwonse masentimita asanu, mbewu zimagawidwa. Pakatikati pa masentimita atatu, zitsime zimapangidwa, 3-4 ma pips amaikidwa mu dzenje limodzi, kenako mphukira idzapangidwira. Pamwamba, mbande zimayambidwa ndi gawo lomwelo ndipo bokosi limayikidwa mu wowonjezera kutentha.
3. Kukula koyenera, mbande zimafunika malo osakanizidwa, kuwomba tsiku ndi tsiku.
4. Kudzala mbande za beets pansi kumapangidwa pamene timapepala tina timene timapanga pa masamba, ndipo amakula mpaka 8-9 masentimita. Pasanapite sabata, mbewu zimakhala zochepa - bokosi liyenera kutengedwera mpweya wabwino kwa maola angapo patsiku.
5. Mukamabzala panja, sikoyenera kukulitsa mphukira, ndibwino kuti muvike mphukira musanayambe kuwomba mudothi.
6. Zinyama poyamba zimakhala bwino kuteteza ndi zofunda, pokhala pa bedi kuchokera ku zitsulo. Pofika mwezi wa July, pamene masamba a zomera adzatsekedwa, ndipo chipatsocho chidzafika kukula kwa 1.5 masentimita, filimuyo imachotsedwa.

Zomwe zimabzala beets panja

Beetroot ikhoza kubzalidwa kawiri pa nyengo:

1. Mu kasupe, pamene dziko liphulika mpaka 8-10 ° C mpaka masentimita 10. Monga lamulo, nthawi imayamba pa April-kumayambiriro kwa May. Panthawiyi, nthaka imakhalabe ndi chinyezi chisanu chitatha.
2. Kusunga mbewu kwa mbande kumapangidwa mwezi umodzi usanayambe kukonzedwa kulima beets kumalo osatha.
3. Kudyetsa kwadzinja kumagwiritsidwanso kumapeto kwa mwezi wa Oktoba, nthawi yomaliza yobzala beets kumayambiriro kwa November. Malo osungira podzimniy amalola kuti asonkhanitse nthawi yokolola kumapeto kwa nyengo yotsatira m'masiku oyambirira a June.

Ndondomeko yobzala njuchi pamalo otseguka

Kukula kwa muzu wa beet kumadalira kuchulukitsa kwa kufesa - m'kati mwake pakati pa mbande, zikuluzikulu za masamba zidzakula. Momwe mungabzalitsire beets - chiwembu chodzala:

1. Mbewu imagawidwa m'mizere ndi kumera kwina kwa mphukira. Ndondomeko yofesa kawirikawiri imakhala mzere umodzi (masentimita 40 pakati pa mizere) kapena mzere awiri (25 masentimita pakati pa zitunda ndi 50 cm pakati pa mabotolo).
2. Mbewu za beet zimakhala ndi kukula kwakukulu, kuchokera kumbewu imodzi imakula zochepa, chifukwa mbewu zimagululidwa mu mmera ndi zidutswa 2-3. Choncho, nkofunika kudziŵa kutalika komwe kulima beets, kotero kuti m'tsogolomu kunali koyenera kuchepera. Mbewu imayikidwa bwino imodzi ndi imodzi ndi mtunda wa masentimita 5-6 pakati pa zitsanzo.
3. Mbande imayikidwa ndi nthawi ya 10-15 masentimita pakati pa zimamera ndi nthawi pakati pa mizera ya 25 masentimita kuti ikatenge mbewu zabwino zowonongeka za kukula kwake.

Ndi chiyani chodzala beets pa bedi limodzi la munda?

Ngati beets akukula m'munda, kuphatikizapo chomera chingapangidwe ndi mtundu wa kabichi, anyezi, nkhaka, tsabola, tomato, biringanya, mbatata. Mitengo imeneyi ili ndi kukula komweko. Kukula kwa beets kumathandizidwanso ndi adyo kapena timbewu timene timateteza timadzi timene timatulutsa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Chikhalidwe sichikuphatikizapo chimanga, mpiru, nyemba zobiriwira, dzungu, zomwe zimazibisa kwambiri.

Ndiye mungathe kulima beets?

Pamene mukulima masamba, nkofunika kusunga njira zothandizira mbewu kuti ziwateteze ku matenda ndi tizilombo towononga ndikupanga zokolola. Okongola oyambirira a beets pamene chodzala - zukini, nkhaka, nyemba, anyezi, tsabola kapena tomato. Ndibwino kuti musamere mbewu zakuda pansi, kumene sipinachi, chard, karoti, kabichi imakula. Malo omwewo akulima beets akulangizidwa kuti musabzale kamodzi katatu zaka zitatu.

Kusamalira njuchi mutabzala

Ndikofunika kudziwa momwe mungasamalire njuchi mutabzala kuti mumve masamba obiriwira. Kuti muchite izi, chitani izi:

1. Sulani tsamba la namsongole, lomwe mpaka kumera pa mphukira za masamba 4-5 mosakayikira zimalepheretsa chitukuko cha chikhalidwe. Zisanayambe kuphuka, deralo lingapangidwe ndi mafuta a talakita - 35-50 g pa m ² . Pamene masamba awiri oyambirira akupezeka mu mbande, dera limatsirizidwa namsongole ndi njira ya sodium nitrate. Pambuyo pake, pamene beet ikulowa, namsongole sangalepheretse.
2. Kutulutsa zitsulo kwambiri ndi 4-5 masentimita kuti zisawononge nthaka, kuteteza mpweya wa oxygen ku mizu.
3. Chofunika kwambiri kwa beets ndiko kupatulira, zomwe zimateteza kupewa kusintha kwa zipatso, chifukwa chikhalidwe chimakhala ndi kuphulika kwa mphukira. Panthawiyi, nthaka imamasulidwa panthawi imodzi ndipo namsongole amachotsedwa. Mu gawo la 2 masamba odzala kumayambiriro kwa chitukuko, kupatulira koyamba kumachitika, kusiya 3-5 masentimita pakati pa zitsanzo. Zotsalira zochotsedwa zingasunthidwe kumalo ena - zimagwirizana bwino.
4. Kupatulira kachiwiri kumachitika pa siteji ya masamba 4, kupanga mtunda pakati pa masentimita 10-12 masentimita. Njirayi imachitika pambuyo kuthirira kapena mvula, kuti asawononge mwangozi masamba otsala pansi.

Kumapeto kwa autumn, popanda kuyembekezera chisanu (mochedwa September - October), kusonkhanitsa kwazitsamba mbewu kumayambira. Iwo amafufuzidwa mosamala kapena kutulutsidwa, kutsukidwa pansi, kudula nsonga ndi zouma. Mu chipinda chozizira ndi mpweya wokwanira, zipatso zimayikidwa mabokosi, kutsanulira ndi zouma (mchenga, utuchi, peat), kumene zingasungidwe kufikira masika.

Kuwonjezera pa beets mutabzala pansi

Chomeracho chikusowa gawo lachonde, limasowa zokonzekera ziwiri pa nyengo. Momwe mungameretse beets mutabzala:

1. Choyamba chovala chovala ndi mchere zimakonzedwa pambuyo pa kupatulira koyamba. Zimapangidwa ndi feteleza feteleza - 10 magalamu a urea pa 1 m ² . Mungathe kupeza njira yothetsera zitosi za mbalame monga 1:12 kapena Mullein mu chiŵerengero cha 1: 8 pa mlingo wa malita 12 a madzi omwe amapanga 10m2 ^pa chiwembucho.
2. Chakudya chachiwiri chimaperekedwa pambuyo pa masamba a masamba awiri a beets atatsekedwa. Amapanga potaziyamu-phosphorous mankhwala - 8 g superphosphate ndi 10 g potaziyamu mankhwala a m ² .
3. Ndi kusowa kwa sodium, nsonga za beet zimakhala zofiira. Amafunika kuwaza bedi ndi phulusa - 1 st pa chiwembu 1.5 m ² .
4. Mukamapanga ma chikasu pamasamba, dothilo limatsanulidwa ndi mkaka wa mandimu, womwe umachititsa mizu ndi potaziyamu - 200 g wa laimu ku chidebe cha madzi.

Ndiyenera kumwa madzi a beets kangati mutabzala?

Nyerere zimathiriridwa pokhapokha ngati dothi luma. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, madzi akumwa samadziwitsidwa - kuchokera pazimenezi, maonekedwe a mizu amawonongeke ndipo matenda a fungal akhoza kuchitika. Imwani malowa madzulo masentimita 20. Pafupipafupi, nthawi ya zomera, beets amapanga 5-6 malita a malita 5-8 pa mita mita, ndi zofunika kwambiri padding pakati pa mizere ndi mulching. Nthawi yoyamba beet afesedwa, pamene ali wamng'ono, mphukira yabwino imapezeka. Masiku 15-20 musanayambe kukolola, kuyimitsa kwaimitsidwa, izi zimapangitsa chitetezo cha masamba.