Ambuye Shiva - zizindikiro za mulungu ndipo ndizoopsa bwanji?

Mulungu akuvina chilengedwe chonse. Oyeretsani ngati camphor, milalang'amba yamphamvu ndi yoopsa, yowononga milalang'amba ndi mkwiyo wake, wachifundo kwa onse osauka - zonsezi, Mahadev akutsutsana. Ambuye Shiva - akukhala pa phiri lopatulika la Kailas, mulungu wakale mwa milungu yonse ya chi Hindu, ndipo Shaivism ndi imodzi mwa zipembedzo zolemekezeka kwambiri ku India.

Shiva - ndani uyu?

Mu nthano za Chihindu, pali lingaliro la Trimurti, kapena Divine Triad, limene mwachizolowezi limaphatikizapo mawonetseredwe atatu akulu a Wamkulukulu: Brahma (Mlengi wa chilengedwe) - Vishnu (wosunga) Shiva (wowononga). M'masulidwe ochokera ku Sanskrit शिव Shiva ndi "achisomo," "abwino-natured," "ochezeka." Ku India, mulungu Shiva ndi mmodzi mwa okondedwa ndi wolemekezeka kwambiri. Amakhulupirira kuti kumuitana sikovuta, Mahadev kwa onse amabwera populumutsa, ndiye mulungu wachifundo kwambiri. Muwonetseredwe kwakukulu, amachititsa kuti munthu azikhala ndi chilengedwe chonse komanso chidziwitso chapamwamba cha munthu.

Nkhani yopatulika ya Shiva Purana imayimira Shiva, yemwe ali ndi mayina 1008 omwe adawonekera pamene Mulungu adawonekera kwa anthu osiyanasiyana. Kubwereza kwa mayina a Shiva - kumasokoneza malingaliro ndipo kumalimbitsa munthuyo mwa zolinga zabwino. Wotchuka kwambiri mwa iwo ndi:

• Pashupati (mmodzi mwa akale kwambiri) ndi wolamulira ndi bambo wa zinyama;
• Rudra (woopsa, wofiira) - amasonyeza umunthu wokwiya, amabweretsa matenda, koma amachiritsa;
• Mahadev ndi wamkulu kwambiri, mulungu wa milungu;
• Mahesvara - Ambuye Wamkulu;
• Nataraja - Shiva ndi mfumu yovina;
• Shambhu - kubweretsa chimwemwe;
• Ishvara ndi Ambuye ndi ulemerero wa Mulungu;
• Kamari ndi wowononga zokhumba;
• Maha Yogi - Great Yogi, amachititsa kuti anthu azikhala odzichepetsa (olemekezeka ndi yogiti zonse zadziko);
• Hara ndiye wowononga;
• Triyambaka ndi maso atatu.

Mkazi wamkazi wa Shiva

Gawo lamanzere la thupi la Shiva limaimira mphamvu yazimayi (yogwira) ya Shakti. Shiva ndi Shakti sagwirizana. Mkazi wamkazi wotchedwa Shiva-Shakti wamtundu wambiri wamtundu wotchedwa Kali mulungu ndi mkazi woopsa wa hyvaasis wa mphamvu yakuwononga ya Shiva. Ku India, Kali ndi woyera, chifaniziro chake chikuwopsya: khungu lakuda-buluu, lilime lofiira la magazi limatuluka kunja, korona wa zigawenga 50 (kubwerera m'mbuyo). Dzanja limodzi, lupanga, pamutu wachiwiri wa Mahisha, mtsogoleri wa asuras. Manja ena awiri akudalitsa otsatira ndikutsitsa mantha. Kali - chilengedwe-Amayi amalenga ndi kuwononga zonse mu kuvina kwake koopsa ndi kowawa.

Chizindikiro cha Shiva

Zithunzi za Mahadev zili ndi zizindikiro zambiri, maonekedwe ake ali ndi tanthauzo lapadera. Chofunika kwambiri ndi chizindikiro cha Shiva - lingam. Ku Shiva Purana, lingam ndi Mulungu phallus, gwero la zonse zomwe zilipo m'chilengedwe chonse. Chizindikiro chimayimilira pa maziko a yoni (chiberekero) - kusonyeza Parvati, mkazi ndi Mayi wa zamoyo zonse. Zizindikiro zina-zizindikiro za Mulungu ndi zofunika:

1. Maso atatu a Shiva (Dzuwa, Mwezi, Chizindikiro Cha Moto) ndi otseguka-kutuluka kwa moyo, pamene maso ake atsekedwa, amawonongeke, ndiye dziko lapansi likonzedwanso, maso akutseguka - moyo watsopano wa moyo wapadziko lapansi.
2. Tsitsi - linapangika mu mtolo wa Jatu, mgwirizano wa mphamvu za thupi, maganizo, zauzimu; Mwezi wokhala ndi tsitsi - kulamulira pa malingaliro, mtsinje wa Ganges - kuchoka ku machimo.
3. Damaru (drum) ndikumveketsa konsekonse, kumveka kwa cosmic. Mu dzanja lamanja la Shiva, munthu amatha kulimbana ndi kusadziwa amapereka nzeru.
4. Cobra - atakulungidwa pamutu: wapita, wamtsogolo, wamtsogolo - kwamuyaya pa nthawi imodzi.
5. Trident (trishula) - ntchito, chidziwitso, kudzutsa.
6. Rudraksha (diso la Rudra) ndi mkanda wa zipatso zobiriwira, chifundo ndi chisoni kwa anthu.
7. Tilaka (triphpur), phulusa la katatu pamphumi, mmero ndi mapewa onse ndi chizindikiro chogonjetsa chidziwitso chonyenga payekha, Maya's (illusions) ndi chikhalidwe cha karma.
8. Bull Nandi ndi mnzake wokhulupirika, chizindikiro cha dziko lapansi ndi mphamvu, galimoto ya mulungu.
9. Khungu la kambuku ndigonjetsa chilakolako.

Kodi Shiva inawoneka motani?

Kubadwa kwa Shiva kuli ndi zinsinsi zambiri, malemba akale a Shivaite Puranas amafotokoza maonekedwe ambiri a maonekedwe a mulungu:

1. Pa nthawi ya maonekedwe a Brahma kuchokera ku phokoso la mulungu Vishnu , ziwanda zinali pafupi ndipo zinayesa kupha Brahma, koma Vishnu adakwiya, Shiva wambirimbiri ananyamula kuchokera pakati pa mutu ndi a asuras anaphedwa ndi katatu.
2. Brahma anali ndi ana anai omwe sanafune kukhala ndi ana, ndiye mwana yemwe anali ndi khungu lamabulu anawoneka pakati pa nsidze za ana okwiya a Brahma. Mnyamatayo adafuula ndikupempha dzina, chikhalidwe cha anthu. Brahma anam'patsa mayina 11, awiri mwa iwo anali Rudra ndi Shiva. Miyezi khumi ndi iwiri, mumodzi mwa iwo, Shiva - mulungu wolemekezeka kuchokera ku triad wamkulu, pamodzi ndi Brahma ndi Vishnu.
3. Brahma, posinkhasinkha kwakukulu, anapempha kuti mwana awonekere, wofanana kwambiri. Mnyamatayo adagwada pafupi ndi Brahma ndipo adayamba kuthamangira mlengi kuti afunse dzina. Rudra! "Brahma adati, koma izi sizinali zokwanira kwa mwanayo, adathamanga ndikufuula mpaka Brahma adampatsa mayina ena 10 ndi zina zambiri.

Mayi Shiva

Chiyambi cha Shiva m'magulu osiyanasiyana amatchulidwa mwachikhalidwe pamodzi ndi dzina la Vishnu ndi Brahma. Kuphunzira Shaivism ndi dzina lofanana la mulungu wofunkha, funsani za mayi wa Shiva. Ndi ndani? Mu malemba opatulika akale omwe afikira anthu, palibe dzina la amayi a hypostasis a mulungu amene angakhale ndi chochita ndi kubadwa kwa Mahadev wamkulu. Shiva ndi wobadwa yekha kuchokera pamwamba pa Mlengi wa Brahma, iye alibe mayi.

Kodi ndi chiyani choopsa kwa mulungu Shiva?

Chikhalidwe cha Mahadeva ndi ziwiri: Mlengi wowononga. Zolengedwa zonse pamapeto pa ulendowu ziyenera kuwonongedwa, koma pamene Shiva ndi mulungu wakwiya, chilengedwe chikhoza kuwonongeka nthawi iliyonse. Kotero kunali pamene mkazi wa Sati ankawotchedwa pamoto. Shiva adalenga mulungu wamagazi. Mulungu wotchuka Siva mu hypostasis wa Virohadra adatulutsidwa mu zikwi zofanana naye ndipo anapita ku nyumba yachifumu ya atate wa Dakshi (Sati) kuti akwiyire. Dziko lapansi "linawamila" m'magazi, Dzuŵa linatha, koma pamene mkwiyo unapitilira Shiva anaukitsa akufa onse, m'malo mwa mutu wapamwamba wa Daksha anaika mutu wa mbuzi.

Mkazi wa mulungu Shiva

Shakti ndi mphamvu yazimayi, yosiyana ndi Shiva, popanda izo iye ndi Brahman, wopanda makhalidwe. Mkazi wa Shiva ndi Shakti mu ziwalo zapadziko lapansi. Sati akuonedwa kuti ndi mkazi woyamba, chifukwa cha manyazi ndi manyazi a Shiva ndi bambo ake Daksha, adadzipereka yekha mwa kudzikonda. Sati anabadwanso ku Parvati, koma Mahadev anali achisoni kwambiri moti sankafuna kusinkhasinkha kwa zaka zambiri. Parvati (Uma, Gauri) anachita chiyeso chozama kuposa kugonjetsa mulungu. Muziwonongeko zake, Parvati amaimiridwa ndi mulungu wamkazi Kali, Durga, Shyama, Chanda.

Ana a Shiva

Banja la Shiva ndi mawonekedwe a Shankar, omwe ndi chidziwitso chomwe chimakhudza dziko lapansi. Ana a Shiva ndi Parvati amadziwika kuti ali ndi zinthu zofunikira komanso zauzimu:

1. Skanda (Kartikeya) mwana wa Shiva - mulungu wachisanu ndi chimodzi wa nkhondo , anabadwa wamphamvu kwambiri moti atakwanitsa masiku asanu ndi limodzi anagonjetsa Asura Tarak.
2. Ganesha ndi mulungu ali ndi mutu wa njovu, amalemekezedwa ngati mulungu wachuma.
3. Mwana wamkazi wa Narmada Shiva mwachidziwitso: posinkhasinkha kwakukulu pa phiri la Armakut, Mahadev analekana ndi iye yekha gawo la mphamvu yomwe inasinthidwa kukhala namwali Narmada, mtsinje wopatulika kwa Ahindu.

Nthano za Shiva

Pali nthano komanso nthano zambiri zokhudza Shiva wamkulu, wochokera m'malemba opatulika ochokera m'malemba achihindu a Mahabharata, Bhagavad-gita, Shiva Purana. Imodzi mwa nkhaniyi imati: pamene ikakwera nyanja ya mkaka, chotengera chowopsa chimatuluka kuchokera pansi. Milungu inkachita mantha kuti poizoniyo idzawononge moyo wonse. Shiva, chifukwa cha chifundo, adamwa poizoni, Parvati anamugwira ndi khosi kuti ateteze potion kuti alowe m'mimba. Khosi lachikasu la Siva mu buluu - Nilakantha (sineshey), linakhala limodzi la mayina a Mulungu.

Shiva mu Buddhism - pali nthano za izi, zomwe zimanena kuti mu chikhalidwe chake chomwe Buddha (Namparzig) anaphunzira ponena za ulosiwu: ngati iye akuwonekera ngati mtundu wa Bodhisattva - izi sizidzapindulitsa dziko lapansi, koma zidzakhala ngati Mahadev - padzakhala chilengedwe chachikulu zabwino. Mu Chi Tibetan Buddhism, Shiva ndi amene amateteza ziphunzitsozo ndikuchita mwambo wa "Initiation of Shiva."