Kulima nkhaka - Kodi mungapeze bwanji zokolola zabwino?

Anthu ambiri m'nyengo ya chilimwe amakhulupirira kuti nkhaka zakukula ndi ntchito yovuta, koma izi siziri choncho. Ngati mumasankha mitundu yabwino, konzekerani mbande, muzuke m'malo opambana ndipo muwasamalire mosamala, kenako mukolole zochuluka. Ndipo kugwiritsira ntchito masamba obiriwira ndi bwino mu mtundu wobiriwira, mu mapangidwe a saladi, kwa salting ndi kusunga.

Kulima nkhaka mu wowonjezera kutentha

Mavuto otentha amawathandiza kulima nkhaka. M'nyumba yowonongeka ndi kuwala kwa dzuwa kwa masamba, ndi zophweka kulenga microclimate yovomerezeka. Kodi kukula nkhaka mu wowonjezera kutentha - makonzedwe a wowonjezera kutentha:

1. Nyumbayi iyenera kusungidwa kutentha kwa 13 ° C. Chabwino, ngati wowonjezera kutenthedwa ndi moto, ndiye kuti ndibwino kuti mukhale ndi masamba onse chaka chonse.
2. Monga chimango, pulasitiki imakonda - sizitentha ndipo sizivunda.
3. Phimbani zothandizira ndi galasi, cellophane, polycarbonate - zimakulolani kutenga sunbathing masamba muyeso.
4. Kusakaniza kwa nthaka kumakhala kosavuta kukonzekera ndi mphamvu yake - m'dzinja kufalitsa pansi pa tsamba masamba osagwa ndi singano, zomwe zitatha nyengo yozizira.

Kalasi ya nkhaka za wowonjezera kutentha

Kukula mu malo obiriwira a nkhaka nthawi zonse kumayamba ndi kusankha kalasi. Pofuna kutulutsa mpweya wowonjezera, zimakhala zofunikira kwambiri, zomwe popanda poizoni zimatha kukhala zipatso zokwanira. Kuti muzisangalala ndi zokolola zatsopano m'nyengo yozizira, mitundu yomwe imalekerera kusinthasintha kwa kutentha n'kofunika. Mitengo yam'mawa ndi yotentha, mbali iliyonse yowonjezera (yosadalira mungu) mitundu idzachita. Mitundu yotchuka ya nkhaka, kulima ndi kusamalira zomwe zimatulutsidwa mu greenhouses:

• Katini - amapereka zokolola kwa masiku 40;
• Barcelona - masamba oyambirira;
• Kulimba mtima - kumakhala ndi nkhaka, kumapatsa zipatso kwa masiku 45;
• Bobrik - sawopa kuti ozizira, ndizofunikira kulandirira masamba m'nyengo yozizira;
• Matrix - makamaka osagonjetsedwa ndi matenda;
• Kuwongolera mwamsanga, kumapereka zokolola zabwino, ntchito chaka chonse.

Ndikhoza liti kudzala nkhaka?

Sayansi yamakono yokula nkhaka mu wowonjezera kutentha imasonyeza zinthu ziwiri zomwe mungachite:

1. Mbewu ndi njira yogwiritsira ntchito kwambiri, koma pali mwayi waukulu wokhala ndi maluwa ambiri. Iwo amabwera mu April kapena May, pamene kuyambira kutenthetsa.
2. Mbande - zinamera mbewu zimamangirika mu miphika ya peat mu April. Bzalani moyenera kunyumba kapena mukutentha wowonjezera kutentha. Zimamera pa 23-25 ​​° C masiku atatu. Pambuyo pa masamba 3-4 pa mphukira, zikutanthauza kuti ndi nthawi yowasunthira pansi. Izi zimapangidwa pa moyo wa masiku 20-23 wa mbande - May 10-15.

Kodi kubzala nkhaka mu wowonjezera kutentha?

Kubzala masamba mu wowonjezera kutentha ndi sitepe yaikulu. Nthawi zofunika kwambiri zolima:

1. Mbande yomwe ili pambaliyi siidakonzedwa kwa masiku angapo, nthaka imatupa kwambiri ndipo imadzaza ndi madzi, opangidwa ndi ma manganese.
2. Mapangidwe a fomu pamtunda wa masentimita 20 ndi njira yozungulira pakati pa mizere ya masentimita 70. Maenje amapangidwa ndi masentimita 30-35 cm.
3. Pa mzerewu mumakonza mipiringidzo ya waya, pa iwo ngati nthambi zikukula.
4. Mbande za matanki zimayikidwa mu dzenje, pamwamba pa coma ayenera kukhala 1-2 masentimita pamwamba pa nthaka.
5. Ndikofunika kudziwa momwe mungabzalitsire mbewu za nkhaka: zisanayambe kumera nthawi zonse. Kenaka mbewu imayambira mu dzenje, osati mphukira.

Dothi la nkhaka

Musanabzala mbewu ndikofunika kudziwa momwe mungamerekere nkhaka ndi kulemeretsa nthaka:

1. Bungwe la wowonjezera kutentha limayamba m'dzinja. Chotsani zotsalira zotsalira pambuyo pake ndi gawo la nthaka pamwamba ndi 4-5 masentimita.
2. Manyowa amaikidwa pa webusaitiyi: mita imodzi lalikulu - manyowa 25 kg, ndi hydrated laimu 200 g.
3. Dziko likukumba.
4. Mu kasupe, gawo lapansi limatulanso ndi zowonjezera mchere:

• 30 magalamu a ammonium nitrate ;
• 20 g wa sulfate ya potaziyamu ;
• 30 g wa superphosphate ;

Kodi kuthirira nkhaka mu wowonjezera kutentha?

Kuti mupeze mbewu, nkofunika kudziwa momwe mungamwetse nkhaka mu wowonjezera kutentha nthawi zambiri. Dothi lawo liyenera kukhala lonyowa nthawi zonse, osati lonyowa. Asanayambe maluwa, zochitika zimatsanulira masiku asanu ndi limodzi, ndiye - tsiku lina lililonse. Madzi kuti asungunuke ayenera kuvutikira, mwinamwake pamakhala chiopsezo cha imfa ya mizu yambiri. Imwani nthaka, osati nsonga. Pambuyo poyambitsa, nthaka imamasula pang'ono, kuti asasokoneze mizu.

Feteleza kwa nkhaka

Chomera mu wowonjezera kutentha kwa nyengo chimapindula pazu muzuyi. Kuwonjezera pa nkhaka pamene mukukula ndi kusamalira iwo mu wowonjezera kutentha:

1. Manyowa oyambirira amapangidwa pambuyo pa mphukira ali ndi timapepala 3-4. Mu malita khumi a madzi iwo anabala:

• 25 g wa superphosphate;
• 15 g wa sulphate kapena potassium chloride;
• 10 g wa ammonium nitrate;

Kodi kukula nkhaka m'munda?

Zomera zimakula nkhaka pamalo abwino kwambiri a malo, chikhalidwe chimapatsidwa chidwi chapadera. Ntchito imeneyi iyenera kuyankhidwa mwatsatanetsatane. Mitundu yotchuka kwambiri ya kukula kwa masamba ndi Phoenix, Competitor, April, ndi Paris Gherkin ndi yabwino yokweza. Pofuna kukolola bwino, ndikofunika kudziwa komwe nkhaka zikukula komanso zomwe zimayambira:

1. Chomerachi chimakonda kutentha, m'pofunika kuzifesa pa bedi losungunuka, pamwamba pa nthaka zimakhala ndi kutentha kozizira kwa 13-15 ° C. Kuyambira kumapeto kwa May mpaka pakati pa June.
2. Nkhaka - chikhalidwe ndi chabe chikuku dongosolo, amakonda mkulu chinyezi. Mpweya wabwino kuwonongeka kwa nthaka umaperekedwa pa mtengo wa zomera - predmestnikov: kabichi, nandolo, letesi, mbatata, tomato. Nyemba, kaloti ndi zukini sizikwanira, chifukwa ali ndi matenda a nkhaka wamba.
3. Ndi bwino kudziŵa kuti chikhalidwe chimafunikira dzuwa la maola 10-12, limakula bwino m'madera otseguka, kapena mumthunzi wowala. Kuti musamawononge nsonga za kutentha kwakukulu kwa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, mukhoza kutseka derali ndi polyethylene zakuthupi pamtunda wa mamita awiri - kuziika pambali pa trellis kumene mphukirayo imakonzedwa.

Kodi kubzala nkhaka pamalo otseguka?

Zokolola zimadalira kulemera kwa nthaka. Amamera ndi kukumba m'chaka ndi m'dzinja. Kenaka mbewuzo zikukonzekera - izi ziyenera kuchitidwa masiku 30 asanalowe m'malo osatha. Mbewu imayikidwa pa gauze, imachepetsa 1% yothetsera potassium permanganate, yambani. Pambuyo phulusa phulusa (supuni imodzi pa galasi la madzi) ndikuyika mbewuzo mu njira yothetsera maola 8. Atatha kuchapa ndi kuikidwa mufiriji tsiku lovuta.

Pambuyo pa njira zoterezi, nyembazo zimayikidwa pa gauze kuti zimere, popanda kuiwala kuti zizikhala zowonongeka nthawi zonse. Mwamsanga pamene mfundo zoyera za mizu zikuboola - zikhoza kufesedwa. Ndikofunikira kudziŵa kutalika komwe kulima nkhaka, kuti zikhale bwino. Mtengo wa kulima uli 2-3 masentimita, kusiyana pakati pa tchire ndi masentimita 20. Mbeuyi imayikidwa mu zitsime, owazidwa ndi gawo lapansi, ndi kuthirira madzi otentha. Ndi bwino kuphimba bedi ndi polyethylene nthawi yoyamba.

Kukula nkhaka mbande

Chochititsa chidwi - kulima nkhaka kupyolera mu mbande kumathamangira kuphuka kwa zipatso kwa milungu iwiri. Kuyika mbewu mu miphika akukonzekera May kuti abzalitse zomera mmunda Juni 7-10. Kodi kukula nkhaka kunyumba kwa mbande:

1. Miphika ya peat yomwe ili ndi mamita 8 masentimita ndi yabwino kwa izi, mbewu sizikufuna kusintha, ziyenera kuikidwa nthawi yomweyo mu chidebe.
2. Mbewu imakonzedwa mofanana ndi kufesa pakhomo lotseguka, idabzala mu mphika ndi zowonongeka pansi pa 2 cm yakuya, yokutidwa ndi nthaka;
3. Mbande yokutidwa ndi polyethylene, kuika mu kuwala malo popanda drafts.
4. Imwani madzi ozizira oyandikana ndi madzi pamene dziko lapansi limatha. Saloledwa kulola kutsekula kapena kuyanika kwa gawo lapansi.
5. The mulingo woyenera wa zaka mbande ndi masiku 20-25. Iyenera kukhala ndi masamba onse 3-4.

Nkhaka zamabotolo

Chomera feteleza choyamba cha nkhaka ndi ndowe yamphongo, imayambika m'dzinja pamtunda wa 4-6 makilogalamu. pa sq.m. M'chaka, nthaka ikauma, imakumba masentimita 15, panthawi yomweyi mukhoza kuwonjezera humus, utuchi, peat. Ndibwino kuti mukule nkhaka:

1. Pulojekiti yabwino kwambiri yobzala imaonedwa ngati mabedi pakatalika masentimita 25, m'lifupi mwake masentimita 50, pakati pawo muyenera kusiya padera. Pokhala ndi miyendo ya mkati mkati, amadzaza chomeracho ndi zofunikira zofunika, ndipo mizu ndi carbon dioxide.
2. Ngati n'kotheka, kulima nkhaka bwino bwino pamabedi, kukonzedwa kuchokera kum'mwera mpaka kumpoto - kotero nsonga bwino kuunikiridwa.
3. Pa mizere, zowonjezera zimayikidwa, zomwe nthambi zimayamba kumangiriza, zitatha kufika kutalika kwa masentimita 15-20.

Nthawi zambiri kumwa madzi nkhaka?

Kusungunuka nthawi zonse ndi chitsimikiziro cha kukolola kochuluka, chifukwa zipatso ndi 95% madzi. Kodi kuthirira nkhaka:

• Chikhalidwe chimalangizidwa kuti chidzakonzedwe madzulo kapena m'mawa usanayambe kutentha;
• Madzi otentha amatha kukonzekera (22-25 ° C);
• Kuthirira kumaphatikizapo m'mabowo, popanda kupeza madzi pa masamba;
• Choyamba mungathe kuchepetsa chomera masiku awiri;
• Pambuyo pa zipatso zimayamba kucha, wina ayenera kuchita kuthirira tsiku ndi tsiku, komabe nkhaka ikhoza kukhala ndi mkwiyo, womwe sungathe kumasulidwa;
• Kuti asunge chinyezi, nthaka ikhoza kukhala yochuluka - yokutidwa ndi udzu, udzu, utuchi;
• Mu nyengoyi, n'zotheka kulemereza nthaka 2-3 nthawi ndi ammophos (10 g / m2) komanso ndi mullein wochepetsedwa.