Kubzala strawberries - maziko a chuma chokolola

Mitengo ya Berry ndiyonse yosamalidwa: imatha kukula ndi kubereka zipatso ponseponse, ndi m'malo obiriwira, pansi pa filimu kapena pamapopu pamaluwa. Kuchokera pa mwambo wa malamulo oyambirira a kubzala kwa munda strawberries kumadalira thanzi la tchire pabedi ndi buku la m'tsogolo yokolola.

Lamulo lodzala strawberries

Munda wa zipatso ukhoza kuyambika kuchokera ku mbande komanso ndikufesa mbewu mwachindunji. Njira yachiwiri imagwiritsidwa ntchito mobwerezabwereza: Ngati mupempha mlimi kudziwa zambiri za momwe angabzalitsire sitiroberi molondola, ayamba nkhani yake ndi kupeza kapena kulima mbewu. Apo ayi malingaliro oti mubzala mubwerere ku:

1. Kusankha mbewu zabwino. Kwa oyamba kumene ndi okhala m'madera omwe ali ndi nyengo yozizira kapena yozizira, ndi bwino kuyamba kuyesera ndi hybrids - pamapapu awo kuyika chizindikiro F1 kuikidwa.
2. Kumera pa siponji kapena padon pad. Ndikofunika kuti mbewu zitsanulidwe pa nsalu yonyowa, chidutswa cha mphukira, thonje, koma osati pansi. Njira yowera imathetsa vuto la mbewu zonyenga, zomwe nyemba za peat zimawonongeka. Mu chidebe cha pulasitiki, nsalu kapena ubweya wa thonje wothira madzi umagwa, mbewu zimayikidwa pa izo, zomwe zingagwiritsidwe ntchito pobzala mitengo ya strawberries. Chophimbacho chatsekedwa ndi chivindikiro ndi kusungidwa pamalo otentha mpaka mbewu zivule.
3. Kuwopsya. Musanayambe kubzala mbewu ku miphika, umoyo wawo umakhala wosiyana ndi kutentha kwa kusintha. Kawiri pa tsiku, zitsulo zimayikidwa mufiriji kwa maola 2-3 kuti zisafe imfa nthawi yoyamba yozizira.

Dothi lodzala strawberries

Zokolola za mbewu za mabulosi zimakhudzidwa osati ndi feteleza, komanso ndi nthaka. Ambiri wamaluwa omwe amadziwa kulima strawberries amatsimikiza kuti mitundu yake silingathe kulekerera mankhwala a calcium - carbonates. Choncho, n'zosatheka kugwiritsa ntchito malo odyera omwe tomato, Chibulgaria ndi tsabola wotentha kapena mbatata idakula chaka chatha. Sankhani nthaka yoyenera yothandiza malamulo awa:

1. Mitengo yochepa ya dongo. Mitundu yowonjezera yaying'ono m'nthaka, kuteteza kutuluka kwa mpweya ndi zakudya ku mizu. Ngati nthaka yomwe ili pawebusaiti imatanthauzanso loamy, imasakanizidwa ndi mchenga kapena mchenga wa m'nyanja pafupifupi 3: 1.
2. Kutalika kwa kuchuluka kwake kwa nthaka. Kubzala kwa strawberries kuyenera kuwerengedwa kwa kutalika kwa mizu ya masentimita 30. Kuzama kwa dzenje lakutsetsereka, kulingalira ulimi wothirira ndi kutsika kwa nthaka, kungakhale osachepera 45-50 cm.
3. Kuwerengera kwa chiŵerengero cha nthaka ndi humus. Imakhalabe ndi chinyezi m'nthaka pa masiku ouma, kotero msinkhu wa 3-5% ndi wofunika kwambiri pofukula baka pansi.

Kutalikirana pakati pa strawberries pakufika

Pali ndondomeko zinayi zokhazikitsira zitsamba kudera lakumidzi: mtunda pakati pawo umadalira chisankho. Kudyetsa kokwanira kwa strawberries kumagawidwa molingana ndi mitundu yotsatirayi:

1. Pakati pazitsamba. Mitundu yosiyanasiyana yomwe ikukula mwamphamvu imakhala ndi mizu yambiri komanso mafunde akuluakulu. Pofuna kuonetsetsa kuti sagwirizane, masharubu amachotsedwa nthawi zonse, ndipo pakati pa tchire, mtunda wa 50-60 masentimita umawonedwa.
2. Mzere pamtunda. Munda wamtunda ukutayidwa, tchire timabzalidwa pamzere wozungulira 15-20 masentimita pambali. Kuwongolera kuthirira ndi kukolola, mzere wa mzere umakhala pa 40-50 cm.
3. Kuphika mafakitale a sitiroberi. Mitengo yochepa yochepa imakula pambali pa bedi, kupanga chophimba ndi masewera ozungulira. Zomera zimabzalidwa mwamphamvu kuti pansi pa masamba awo apamwamba microclimate imapangidwira, zothandiza mmadera amvula.
4. Kutsika kwachisa. Pakatikati mtsogolo chitetezo munda anabzala chitsamba chimodzi, kuzungulira amene anabzala asanu ndi zina. Mtunda wa pakati pa zomera siziyenera kukhala zosakwana 5-6 masentimita, pakati pa pafupi zitunda - 40 masentimita.

Kodi mungamwetse bwanji strawberries mutabzala?

Chimodzi mwa zifukwa zazikulu zogwiritsira ntchito zokolola za bedi ndi mlingo wa madzi apansi pansi pake. Ayenera kukhala osachepera 1 mamita pamwamba pa nthaka. Kutsika msinkhu, nthawi zambiri mabedi amamwetsa, komanso mosiyana. Kuthira kamodzi mutabzala strawberries kuyenera kulingalira zomwe zimachitika pa zomera:

1. Mizu ya mbewu za mabulosi imakhala yogwiritsidwa ntchito kokha ngati madzi alandiridwa kumbali yonse ya pansi pa tsinde. Choncho, simungamwe madzi gawo limodzi kapena kudalira pansi.
2. Kutentha kumatuluka kuchokera m'nthaka nthawi yoyamba ya tsiku - kuthirira kumachitika m'mawa oyambirira.
3. Kubzala strawberries sikulekerera kuthirira ndi jet yodutsa kapena kupyapyala. Kuthamanga kwa madzi apamwamba kumachepetsa mizu, kotero kuyambira nthawi yomwe mawonekedwe ameneŵa akuonekera komanso pamaso pa fruiting, gwiritsani ntchito mankhwala opanga mankhwala.

Feteleza kwa strawberries pa kubzala

Popanda feteleza wapadera (organic kapena chemical) zipatso zimadwala kapena zimakula kwambiri. Pofuna kuthana ndi zofooka za nthaka, zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti zigwiritsidwe ntchito katatu pa nyengo yonse: mutatha kuika kapena kuwonekera masamba, pamene maluwa ndi kubereka zipatso. Kodi feteleza chodzala strawberries sizingagwiritsidwe ntchito, ziyenera kuphatikizapo:

• kompositi ;
• humus;
• urea ;
• mphothosphate ;
• phulusa;
• mchere wa potaziyamu.

Strawberry chodzala masiku

Monga ndi munda wamtundu uliwonse, sitiroberi ili ndi nthawi yabwino kwambiri yosinthitsa mbande pansi, yomwe siidzafa. Chofotokozera apa ndi nyengo: mbewu siziyenera kuthana ndi chisanu kapena nyengo yamvula. Tsiku lodzala la strawberries mu kasupe limasiyana ndi nthawi ya autumn, chifukwa cholinga chake ndi kukwaniritsa zotsatira zosiyana:

1. Kumayambiriro kwa mwezi wa March, mabulosi a mabulosi akumwera akubzala pa mabedi, kotero kuti mitsinje yolimba ndi rosettes ziwonekere. Pomwe mutabzala mochedwa, zokolola zidzachepetsedwa ndi chinthu cha 1.5-2. Pakatikati, gululi likuchitika kuyambira pa March 15 mpaka April 1.
2. Mu autumn, chomera chofooka achinyamata baka, chomwe chaka choyamba sichitha kukhala ndi kutentha kwa chilimwe. Kutumiza pansi kumakhala kuyambira July 25 mpaka September 15.

Kodi kubzala sitiroberi m'chaka?

Madzulo a chilimwe, chiopsezo chachikulu cha zipatso ndi wheatgrass ndi namsongole, choncho isanadze kubzala kwa strawberries masika, mtundawo umakumbidwa bwino ndipo mizu ya zomera zina imachotsedwa. Zochitika zina ndizo:

1. Kuchuluka kwa acidity m'nthaka. Pothirira madzi mugwiritsire ntchito mankhwala amadzimadzi.
2. Pofuna kusamutsira pansi, zimakhala zoumbala kapena zitsamba zosatha, zomwe zimakhala zowonjezera 6 mm.
3. Kubzala kwa strawberries kumachitika mukakhala pansi pamthunzi kwa masiku 2-3.
4. Mbande obzalidwa muzowola mowongoka, pansi pake pamayenera kukhala phulusa. Pogwiritsa ntchito manja anu pang'ono pang'onopang'ono, mphukira ziyenera kutsanulidwa mochuluka.

Kodi kubzala sitiroberi mu kugwa?

Oyamba akuyenera kunyamula tchire mu kugwa, osati m'chaka. Ndiye mwayi wochepa wa fruiting ndi imfa wa mbewu umatha. Kuti mumvetse bwino mmene mungamerekerere strawberries mutatha kukolola, muyenera kutsatira malamulo angapo:

1. Kusankha malo otseguka nthaka akuwotchedwa ndi dzuwa pa chilimwe. Pankhaniyi, dothi lidzazizira pang'onopang'ono ngati n'kotheka.
2. Nthawi yobzala imatsimikiziridwa payekha - mwezi umodzi uyenera kukhalabe mpaka chisanu.
3. Nthaka imatetezedwa ku disinfected kwa sitiroberi nematodes ndi madzi ndi Kuwonjezera kwa ammonia.
4. Dziko lapansi, lopangidwa kuchokera ku mabowo, limasakanizidwa ndi kompositi muyeso la 6: 1 ndi kulibwezeretsanso m'mabowo atayikidwa ku tchire.
5. M'nyengo yophukira, kubzala strawberries ndi mavuvu kumakonda kwambiri. Rosette yomwe imakhala ndi timitengo yaitali imayikidwa miphika kumapeto kwa June kwa masabata 2-3. Pamene rosette imayamba mizu, imasinthidwa molingana ndi chizoloŵezi chozoloŵera.
6. Zomera zimadzazidwa ndi zotentha - filimu yakuda.

Njira zolima strawberries

Pali njira zambiri zowonjezera mabulosiwa kuti sizingafunikire kukhala ndi malo ambiri kuti mbeu ikolole. Sankhani momwe mungabwerere strawberries, pogwiritsa ntchito zofuna kapena mwayi wa wolima minda. Pali njira zinayi zazikulu zothandizira izi:

• akufika pamtunda;
• chowonekera;
• chodzala strawberries pa chophimba;
• akufika mu mapaipi.

Chiwembu chodzala strawberries panja

Popeza kuti mabulosiwa ndi osalemekeza kwambiri nthaka, amalekerera nthaka yabwino yokhala ndi peat kapena mchenga. Kubzala ndi kusamalira strawberries kumalo otseguka kumatenga magawo osiyanasiyana:

• nthaka disinfection;
• kukumba tchire kuchokera ku miphika ya peat pamodzi ndi mtanda wadothi;
• Kuphika zitsamba ndi khosi lalikulu muzu;
• Kulengedwa kwa mtunda ndi kuyang'anira patali pa njira yosankhidwa yopangira.

Kubzala strawberries pansi pa filimuyi

Kulima pansi pa filimuyi kumakulolani kuti mutenge zipatso kwa mwezi umodzi tsiku lisanafike. Monga kubzala sitiroberi pansi pa filimuyi, ikhoza kuikidwa pansi pa agrofiber. Njira zonsezi zimapanga tizilombo toyambitsa matenda pa bedi, otetezedwa ku tizirombo ndi chinyezi chochuluka. Agrotechnics pankhaniyi ikugwiritsira ntchito zotsatirazi:

• Kukonzekera mabedi ndi pamwamba pamtanda;
• malo okhala ndi filimu kapena nsalu yapadera atatha kuthirira;
• Kukonzekera kwa slits mu chophimba zakuthupi ndi mpeni, popanda zomwe n'zosatheka kudzala strawberries pansi pa agrofiber;
• chodzala mbande muzitali;
• kuthirira ndi kuonjezera kudula ngati n'kofunikira.

Kubzala strawberries mu mapaipi

Zomera za zipatso mu mapaipi zikhoza kuikidwa zonse mozungulira ndi mopingasa. Kusiyana kokha ndiko kuti kubzala mbande za strawberries mu mapaipi kumbali kumatenga malo ambiri pa malo onse a malo. Ziribe kanthu mtundu wa mapaipi opangira, ikuchitika molingana ndi ndondomeko yotsatirayi:

1. Mapaipi a zitsulo zopyapyala, pulasitiki kapena PVC amadulidwa kuti azitha kutalika.
2. Mu chubu lililonse, mabowo amangiridwa kapena kukwapulidwa ndi masentimita 8-10 masentimita.
3. Nthaka imamasulidwa ndikuikidwa m'mipope pamodzi ndi feteleza, chifukwa m'tsogolomu sizingagwire ntchito mofanana kuti zitha kukhuta nthaka ndi zinthu zothandiza.
4. Mu mapaipi, amakonza mapulagi ndi kuwakonza ndi dothi lowonjezera.
5. Froberries amabzalidwa m'mabowo popanda kuyika khosi kwambiri mu nthaka. Maenje ake achita ndi zala zawo.

Vertical kubzala kwa strawberries

Pa minda yowonongeka palibe malo achitali chachikulu cha kulima strawberries, koma izi sizingalepheretse munthu wodzinyenga wanzeru. Ndi zophweka kuphunzira kupesa mbande za strawberries - pali njira ziwiri zokha:

1. Piramidi yowonjezera kuchokera kumbali ya diameter, matayala kapena chifuwa. Kufika kwa Multilevel kungapangidwe kuchokera ku zinyumba zakale ndi mabokosi, makina a raba yamoto kapena kuphatikizapo miphika yambiri. M'bokosi la mipando kapena mabowo mumatope, dothi laikidwa mmanda, momwe zomerazo zabzalidwa.
2. Zojambula zojambula zitsulo kapena matope. "Phala" yomwe ili ndi kutalika kwa 1.5-2 mamita imaponyedwa m'dzenje ndikudzaza ndi nthaka yabwino. Tsamba la Strawberry labzala m'mabowo: Kusamaliranso kwao kudzakhala kuthirira ndi kuchepetsa masharubu. Kwa feteleza kokha feteleza zamadzimadzi ndizoyenera.

Kubzala strawberries ndi mbewu

Ngakhale kuti njira yolowera pansi siidakali yotchuka, ili ndi mafaniziro ake. M'madera otentha ndi ofunda ambiri amaluwa amaona kuti kukula kwa mbande monga kutaya nthawi, chifukwa sikufunika kuumitsa ndi kuwononga nthaka. Njira iyi sichitsutsa kuti nthaka ikhale yoyenera: musanadzalemo mbande za strawberries kapena mbewu, mabedi amawaza ndi gawo lotayirira kapena humus. Pakati pa malamulo ena ofesa njira yodziwikiratu imasonyeza:

1. Sankhani nthawi yobzala. Ngati mmera umapezeka mu miphika m'nyumba kapena chipinda chokhala ndi galasi, ndiye kuti nthaka yotseguka imaletsa mbewu za mwayi wopeza kutentha pa nthawi ya kukula. Nthaŵi ya kumizidwa kwawo padziko lapansi imayenda kuyambira kumayambiriro kwa March mpaka pakati pa April, pamene chiopsezo cha chisanu chachepa
2. Mulching. Kuteteza motsutsana ndi kusintha kwa kutentha ndi tizirombo toyamba, zitunda zimadetsedwa ndi utuchi, zotsalira za baka zakale kapena singano. Kuphimba kwakukulu kwa nthaka ndi chinyama chodzala cha strawberries chidzakhala chabwino ndipo chidzayamika ndi maubwenzi abwino.
3. Kuchotsa mapepala apansi . Masamba 3-4 akawonekere pamwamba pa mphukira, m'munsimu mwapang'onopang'ono amachoka kuti majeremusi onse apite patsogolo potsitsimutsa.