Chotupa ndi chinthu chodabwitsa chomwe chimapezeka chifukwa cha kupweteka kwa kapu chifukwa cha zinthu zina kapena chifukwa cha matenda aliwonse. Kufunsa funsoli, momwe mungaperekere chifuwa chachikulu kwa munthu wamkulu, muyenera kuyamba kupeza mtundu wa chifuwa ndi chifukwa chake unayambira, popeza kusankha njira ya chithandizo kumadalira izi.
Mitundu ya chifuwa kwa akuluakulu - zimayambitsa ndi mankhwala
Chifuwa cholimba chikuwonekera chifukwa cha zotsatira za maphikidwe a chifuwa omwe amapezeka mu mucosa wa zigawo zosiyanasiyana za katemera, makamaka trachea ndi bronchi. Amapuma kwambiri, kutsekedwa kwa glottis ndi kupweteka kwa mitsempha, pambuyo pake mpweya wotuluka umathamanga kwambiri kudzera mu mawu otsegula chink. Izi zimathandiza kuyeretsa kapepala ka kupuma kuchokera ku manyowa, pus kapena matupi achilendo.
Zokometsera zopuma zingakwiyidwe chifukwa cha zinthu zazikulu zotsatirazi:
- zowonongeka (dust particles, stenosis, kutupa kwa ziwalo za kupuma ndi zigawo zapafupi, aortic aneurysm, kuthamanga kwa atrium kumanzere, kutsekemera kwa chithokomiro);
- mankhwala (kutsekemera kwa zinthu zowonongeka kwambiri ndi zokhumudwitsa, kuyamwa kwa m'mimba mwa njira yopuma);
- kutenthetsa (kutentha kwambiri kapena kutentha, nthunzi);
- Kuchita zotupa m'magazi a mpweya (edema, hyperemia, exudation, kuchulukitsa maselo).
Poganizira zoyenera kutsogolera chifuwa chachikulu kwa munthu wamkulu, ndikofunika kugawa mitundu yake. Pachifukwa ichi, nthawi yochitika ndi nthawi, mphamvu, zokolola (kukhalapo kwa sputum ndi khalidwe lake), kuyerekezera, kumveka. Kuonjezera apo, ndikofunikira kudziwa momwe mungathe kukhalira pakati pa maonekedwe a chifuwa ndi kudya, kudodometsa maganizo kapena zinthu zina zochititsa mantha, kukhazikitsa kukhalapo kwa zizindikiro zogwirizana.
Kuthamanga kowuma kwambiri kwa munthu wamkulu
Chifuwa chouma kwambiri ndi chifuwa cholimba, chosapindulitsa, chomwe sichimabala chiputu ndipo sichimabweretsa mpumulo. Odwala matenda a chifuwachi amatha kukhala ngati zovuta, zofooketsa, zowopsya, zopwetekedwa mtima, kupweteka kwa mmero, kumva mawu. Kawirikawiri chifuwa chouma chimapezeka pozungulira, ndipo kuukira kukhoza kukwiyidwa ndi kuyankhula, kutulutsa mpweya wozizira kapena wodetsedwa. M'malo mochizira chifuwa cholimba, zimadalira zifukwa, ndipo zingakhale zotsatirazi:
- Matenda opatsirana a kupuma (laryngitis, tracheitis, bronchitis, chibayo ndi zina zotero);
- chifuwa chachikulu ;
- zowonongeka (pa nyumba, chakudya, mungu, epidermal ndi stimuli zina);
- kutenga mankhwala ena (monga chotsutsa);
- kulowetsedwa kwa matupi achilendo kumalo opuma;
- Kuphulika kwa mpweya wokwiya (kuphatikizapo utsi wa ndudu);
- Matenda a parasitic (mwachitsanzo, ascariasis ndi kulowa kwa helminth mphutsi mu bronchi);
- Matenda a mtima ("chifuwa cha mtima");
- Matenda a reflux m'mimba ("chapamimba chifuwa");
- kuwonjezeka kwa chithokomiro cha chithokomiro.
Kuthamanga kwachangu kwambiri
Chifuwa cholimba kwambiri ndi kutukuka kwa nthata nthawi zambiri kumalowa chifuwa chouma ndi matenda opatsirana opuma opuma, omwe amapezeka nthawi yoyamba ya matendawa. Kuonjezera apo, zomwe zimayambitsa chifuwa chamtambo kwa anthu akuluakulu zingakhudzidwe ndi matenda otsatirawa:
- rhinitis, sinusitis ;
- mphutsi yamoto;
- chifuwa chachikulu;
- zovuta.
Mwa mtundu wa sputum, mungathe kukhazikitsa ndondomeko yolondola kwambiri:
- zambiri - tracheitis, pachimake bronchitis;
- zowonongeka, zandiweyani, zovuta zowonongeka - zopwetekedwa ndi mphumu;
- ndi zomwe zili ndi pus - bacterial infections, abscess mapapo;
- ndi kusakaniza kwa magazi - chifuwa chachikulu;
- ndi "chiwombankhanga" - chibayo.
Chifuwa chachikulu ndi malungo
Matenda enieni m'nyengo yozizira ya chaka ndi kusiyana ndi kuchiza chifuwa chachikulu kwa munthu wamkulu, limodzi ndi malungo. Zizindikirozi nthawi zambiri zimasonyeza matenda omwe amamenyana ndi thupi, kuphatikizapo momwe amatetezera. Pa nthawi yomweyi, kutentha kumatentha, maselo otetezera amakhala opangidwa, omwe amaletsa kukula kwa matenda. Choncho, musachedwe kutsika kutentha, ngati munthu amalekerera.
Nthawi zambiri, pamakhala chifuwa chachikulu pamaso pa kusanza. Mmene chiyambi cha mafilimu otchedwa reflex inakonzera chifuwa chimagwirizanitsidwa ndi kukwiya kwa mapulogalamu ozungulira omwe ali pakhoma la mmero. Pamene malowa akukwiyitsa ndi chifuwa cholimba, zizindikiro zimatumizidwa ku ubongo, zomwe zimatulutsidwa kudzera mu ulusi wa mitsempha ya vagus kuti ipangitse mfupa ndi minofu ya minofu ya pharynx. Choncho pachimake chokwanira chifuwa pali kusanza. Chizindikiro choterocho chimachitika mwa osuta olemera, ndi matenda osiyanasiyana opatsirana, chifuwa chokhwima.
Chifuwa chachikulu popanda kutentha thupi
Ngati chifuwa chachikulu sichitha kutentha kwa munthu wamkulu, kawirikawiri zimatha kuthetsa matenda oopsa opatsirana. Komabe, chizindikiro choterocho chikhoza kusonyeza njira zopuma zotupa mu njira yopuma, yomwe thupi silinayankhe ndi kuwonjezeka kwa kutentha. Matenda opatsirana, matenda osokoneza bongo, endocrine ndi miyendo ya mtima yomwe imawonetsedwa ndi chifuwa cha chifuwa sichikuyenda ndi kutentha. Zina mwa zifukwa zingakhale chifuwa cha chibadwa cha m'maganizo (psychogenic) chiyambi, chikuwoneka motsutsana ndi msinkhu wa maganizo opitirira.
Chifuwa chachikulu usiku
Ngati muli ndi chifuwa cholimba kwa munthu wamkulu usiku, vutoli lingakhale lopwetekedwa ndi matenda otukuka omwe amakhala ndi matenda opuma. Ndi chifuwa chouma sichikhoza kuchotsedwa matenda a mtima - arrhythmia, mtima wosalimba ndi ena ena. Mbali yapadera ya "chifuwa cha mtima" ndikuti tsiku lomwe lilibe, ndipo usiku pali kugwidwa, komwe kumakhudzana ndi kuphwanya magazi ndi kusamba kwa magazi m'mapapu. Kuwonjezera apo, chifuwa cha usiku chimapezeka kwa odwala omwe ali ndi matenda a reflux a gastroesophageal, makamaka akamadya asanayambe kugona.
Zotsatira za chifuwa chosatha kwa akuluakulu
Ngati chifuwa choopsa cha chifuwa sichidutsa kwa nthawi yayitali, chikhoza kuchitika chifukwa cha kuchepa kapena kusakwanira matenda omwe amachititsa chizindikiro ichi. Pakhoza kukhala nthendayi zosiyana-siyana - onse omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi mpweya wabwino komanso zomwe zimaphatikizapo kugonjetsedwa kwa ziwalo zina. Chifuwa chosagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri chimasungidwa ndi anthu osuta fodya, anthu omwe ali ndi matenda opatsirana omwe amapezeka m'madera opuma komanso amakhala m'dera losavomerezeka.
Musanayambe kutsitsa chifuwa chachikulu kwa munthu wamkulu, muyenera kufunsa dokotala ndikuyambitsa matenda a ziwalo, chifukwa izi zingakhale chiwonetsero cha matenda oopsa monga:
- chifuwa chachikulu;
- khansara;
- matenda a mtima ndi mitsempha ya magazi;
- mphumu;
- matenda osokoneza bongo ;
- mtima;
- aspergillosis.
Kodi mungatani ndi chifuwa cholimba?
Kuti mudziwe zoyenera kuchitira chifuwa chachikulu, m'pofunika kuzindikira chomwe chimayambitsa, zomwe nthawi zambiri zingatheke pokhapokha atathandizidwa ndi akatswiri. Popanda kukhazikitsa chidziwitso ndikudzipangira yekha mankhwala, mungathe kukulitsa vutoli, kuyambitsa matenda omwe akukula omwe munthu alibe maphunziro azachipatala sangathe kulingalira. Choncho, yankho lolondola kwambiri ndilo lipoti loyambirira kwa dokotala yemwe angapereke momwe angaperekere chifuwa cholimba.
Kodi mungatani kuti muthetse chifuwa cha munthu wamkulu?
Nthawi zina pamene chifuwa chachikulu chimayendera limodzi ndi lakuthwa kwa blanching, kusintha kwa mtima, kuvutika kupuma, kutaya, muyenera kutchula ambulansi. Ngati chiwopsezo chimayambitsa matenda a mphumu, ndipo wodwalayo amadziwa kuti pali vutoli, ndikofunikira kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala omwe adokotala adamupatsa kuti akakumane ndi chifuwa (inhaler). Pali njira zingapo zosagwiritsira ntchito mankhwala kuti athetse chifuwa chogwirizana ndi kutukusira kwa dongosolo la kupuma:
- kumwa tiyi wotentha, madzi kapena mkaka ndi pang'ono sips;
- Sungunulani mosamala mkate wambiri ndikumeza (kumathandiza ndi thotho lakuda);
- kupukuta maswiti alionse, bwino ndi timbewu timeneti, timapepala, mafunde.
Kukonzekera chifuwa
Posankha mankhwala, kusiyana ndi kuchiza kansalu kolimba kapena kutsogolo kwa munthu wamkulu, dokotala amalingalira deta yomwe imapezeka pambuyo pa kutuluka kwa mapapo ndi bronchi, x-ray diagnosis, kufufuza kwaputum, ndi magazi. Mankhwala amene amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza matenda omwe amatsutsana ndi chifuwa, amagawidwa m'magulu otsatirawa:
- mapuloteni (acentlcysteine, bromhexine, ambroxol, chymotrypsin;
- expectorant (kuyambitsa kuchoka kwa ntchentche) - thermopsis, mizu ya althea, licorice, therere;
- (kutseka chifuwa cha chifuwa) - mapiritsi kuchokera ku chifuwa ndi codeine, butamate, ethylmorphine;
- bronchodilators (kumasula bronchospasm) - salbutamol, theophylline, berodual.
Kusokonezeka kovuta
Njira yabwino yothandizira nthawi zambiri imatha kupatsira mankhwalawa molunjika kumalo otentha, kuchepetsa mazira a mpweya ndi kupititsa patsogolo kutuluka kwa mphukira. Kwa njirayi ndi zofunika kugwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zamakono - nebulizers. Njira yothetsera inhalation ku chifuwa imasankhidwa malinga ndi mtundu wa matenda. Kawirikawiri, zida zotsatirazi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito:
- saline, madzi amchere;
- bronchodilators (Berotek, Ventolin);
- ziphuphu (Ambrobene, ATSTS);
- mankhwala odana ndi kutupa (Pulmicort, Kromogeksal);
- zotsutsa (Miramistin, Dioxydin).
Kuchiza kwa chifuwa ndi mankhwala ochiritsira
Zina mwa njira zamtunduwu zimatha kudziwika ndi chifuwa ndi nthochi ndi uchi - njira yosavuta komanso yotsika mtengo, yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito mosiyana siyana. Mankhwala othandizawa amathandizidwa ndi ntchito yake yowonjezera, yofewa, yotsutsa-yotupa, kuchuluka kwa zigawo za kufufuza zinthu ndi mavitamini.
Malemba amatanthauza
Zosakaniza :
- nthochi - chidutswa chimodzi;
- wokondedwa - 1 teaspoonful. supuni.
Kukonzekera ndi ntchito
- Sakanizani nthochiyi mu phala.
- Onjezani uchi.
- Ikani zokhazokha pang'onopang'ono moto ndi kuwiritsa, kuyambitsa nthawi zonse.
- Pambuyo pa mphindi 5-10, pamene kusakaniza kusandulika mdima wagolide, titsani moto.
- Tengani kawiri pa tsiku ora limodzi musanadye chakudya kapena ora mutatha kudya.
- Njira ya mankhwala ndi masiku 7-10.
Chifuwa chachikulu pamene ali ndi mimba
Azimayi am'tsogolo ayenera kusamala kwambiri posankha njira, momwe angaperekere chifuwa chachikulu. Popeza kuti mankhwalawa nthawi zambiri amatsutsana, munthu ayenera kutsogoleredwa ndi njira zopanda mankhwala, momwe angachiritse chifuwa cholimba, pakati pathu pomwe tidzakambirana zotsatirazi:
- Kusunga ma microclimate abwino mu chipinda (kutentha kwambiri ndi pafupifupi 60%, kutentha kwa mpweya ndi 18-20 ° C).
- Gwiritsani madzi otentha (osatentha).
- Kutsegula m'madzi ndi mankhwala a saline, madzi amchere.
- Sungunulani mmero ndi mankhwala osakaniza.