M'dziko lamakono ndi chigamulo cha moyo komanso zovuta zachuma, amayi ambiri akuyesera kuti akhale olingana ndi amuna muzonse. Pankhaniyi, nthawi zina banja limapita kumbuyo. Chikhalidwe ichi chingakhale chimodzi mwa zifukwa zazikulu zowonekera kwa malingaliro ofanana. Ndiye funso libuka - kodi kugonana.
Kodi kugonana kumatanthauza chiyani?
Kugonana ndi lingaliro limene limasonyeza kusalidwa kwa anthu chifukwa cha chikhalidwe. Anthu ambiri amadzifunsa chomwe chiri chiwerewere. Uyu ndi munthu yemwe amachirikiza malingaliro a kugonana. Mawu amenewa akhoza kutanthawuza za amuna aliwonse, koma nthawi zambiri amafotokozedwa mwa tsankho kwa amayi . Ngakhale kuti demokalase idatchulidwa, malingaliro ameneŵa akufalikira mu chuma ndi ndale, maphunziro, mankhwala, kuthetsa nkhani zachipembedzo, pantchito ya selo lotetezeka ngati banja.
Zizindikiro za kugonana
Lingaliro limeneli ndilogwirizana kwambiri ndi moyo wa anthu, omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito mmadera ambiri a ntchito. Monga lamulo, amuna amphongo ali ndi chuma chambiri, mphamvu zandale, chikhalidwe cha anthu. Mwamuna amaonedwa kukhala mutu wa banja, pamene mkazi wapatsidwa udindo wa mayi wamasiye komanso wosamalira mwana. Zakale zinachitikadi, mwina pali lingaliro la izi, koma pali zitsanzo pamene kugonana kwabwinoko kukanatha kuuluka bizinesi mumlengalenga ndi mphamvu, kuchita bizinesi ndi kunyada pa masewera.
Pali zizindikiro zina zowonekera za kugonana, zomwe nthawi zina zimatha kuziwoneka, mwachitsanzo:
- Kukambirana nkhani monga ukwati, banja, moyo waumwini;
- zosayenera, nthawi zina ngakhale nthabwala zopanda pake;
- kuvomereza kwa oyang'anira mlandu, komanso kuthetsa nkhani za ndale ndi zachuma;
- kavalidwe kakang'ono;
- kuponderezedwa kwa ufulu kuntchito;
- cholepheretsa kukula kwa ntchito;
- choletsa malipiro.
Zomwe zimayambitsa kugonana
Monga lamulo, magwero a kugonana akuyikidwa muzokhazikitsana, malamulo ake ndi miyambo. Anthu ambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito poona kuti akazi:
- kutenga malo ochepa omwe ali ndi malipiro aang'ono;
- Nthawi yochuluka yadzipereka ku banja komanso kulera ana ;
- kuphunzitsa banja;
- Nthawi yocheperapo ndizovuta pazandale;
- amakhala osagwirizana ndi maganizo.
Zowonongeka zomwe zikuganiziridwa zikhoza kukhala zifukwa zomveka zotsutsana ndi akazi, ngakhale pali zitsanzo zambiri zomwe amayi ambiri amatsatira amuna osiyana m'magulu osiyanasiyana kapena amagwirizana ndi kugonana kolimba, osadzigonjera ku zochitika zapakhomo, ntchito, ndale, ndi zachuma.
Mitundu Yogonana
Kawirikawiri akatswiri a maganizo amasiyanitsa mitundu iwiri ya malingaliro oterowo:
- Otseguka ndi odana, pamene oimira amuna amatha kuchititsa manyazi pagulu.
- Opindulitsa - Amuna amachititsa atsikana mwabwino, koma mofananamo amawaona kuti alibe thandizo komanso alibe chitetezo.
Kugonana kwa amuna kumatha kudziwonetsera mosiyana ndi amuna kapena akazi, mwachitsanzo:
- Mantha.
- Kuchititsa kapena kunyoza.
- Kupititsa patsogolo mwayi wolemekezeka ndi chitukuko.
- Kupondereza.
Kusankha kwa izi kapena njirayi, makamaka, kumadalira mbali ya ntchito, mgwirizano wa wina ndi mzake, mapulani, maganizo a anthu, malamulo a chikhalidwe kapena miyambo yachipembedzo ndi ya banja . Zina mwa mitundu yofala ya kugonana, izi nthawi zina zimasiyanasiyana:
- kuntchito;
- mu banja;
- mu maphunziro;
- pamodzi ndi anzanu.
Kugonana ndi Ufulu
Ukazi ndi lingaliro lofanana pakati pa amuna ndi akazi m'madera osiyanasiyana a moyo. Nthaŵi zambiri, izi ndi ndale, zachuma, maphunziro ndi thanzi. Kawirikawiri mawu awa amafaniziridwa ndi lingaliro la kugonana kwachikazi, zomwe siziri zoona zenizeni. Ukazi ndi lingaliro la kufanana pakati pa amuna ndi akazi, komanso kugonana pakati pa amai ndiwonetsera chisankho kwa amuna.
Ageism ndi kugonana
Monga lamulo, kugonana ndi chinthu chofala, chikhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito m'magulu osiyanasiyana a anthu. Kawirikawiri, mawonetseredwe ake amafaniziridwa ndi zaka zakubadwa zakale - kuphwanya ufulu wa anthu achikulire, koma ngati lingaliro loyamba liri lalikuru, limatanthawuza oimira a m'badwo uliwonse, ndiye muzochitika zotsatira timatanthauza ukalamba woyenera. Liwu lachiwiri silikutanthauza kusankhana kokha kwa anthu olemekezeka zaka, komanso ulemu wotsutsana nawo. Choncho, tikhoza kunena kuti kusankhana zaka zidzakhala chimodzi mwa ziwonetsero za kugonana.
Mmene mungagwirire ndi kugonana?
Ambiri mwa anthu amatsutsana ndi kugonana. Izi n'zotheka, chifukwa anthu amakhala mu demokalase, ali ndi ufulu wolankhula ndi kuvota, ndipo kugonana sikuyenera kukhala chinthu choyambirira kuthetsa nkhani iliyonse. Wokonda kugonana amatsutsa malingaliro ake - munthu wakale anali wopereka ndalama, ali wamphamvu komanso wosaganizira kwambiri. Malo osiyana amakhala ndi miyambo yachipembedzo ndi miyambo, kulemekeza kumene kumatsutsana ndi zikhalidwe zina za dziko. Polimbana ndi kugonana, njira izi zikugwiritsidwa ntchito:
- ndemanga;
- kukambirana;
- pa malo ogwira ntchito, nthawi zina msonkhano umasonkhanitsidwa;
- Kufuna thandizo kuchokera ku mabungwe omwe amachitira zinthu zotere;
- thandizo la maganizo;
- zokopa za ma TV ndi makhoti.
Ngati pali zizindikiro za kugonana, nthawi zina pamakhala mawu okwanira, ndipo nthawi zina mayesero amafunika. Lingaliro la chisankho chozikidwa pa chikhalidwe si nkhani ya pakalipano. Kodi chiwerewere ndi chiyani, chomwe chimadziwika pakati pa zaka za m'ma 20 th century, komabe palibe malingaliro oyenera pa izi. Aliyense adzateteza maganizo ake. Mwinamwake muyenera kupeza malo apakati, chifukwa pali malo omwe mwamuna ndi mkazi angathe kupindula chimodzimodzi, koma pali zinthu zomwe mmodzi wa abambo amachita bwino.