Kachilombo koyambitsa matendawa - amachititsa, chithandizo ndi zofunikira za matendawa

Bronchitis ndi matenda opweteka omwe mazira a bronchi amachitirako njira yakugonjera. Ngati obstructive bronchitis imapezeka, izi zikutanthauza kuti kutupa kumaphatikizapo ndi matenda obisala , omwe amachititsa kuti mlengalenga usawonongeke.

Njira yothetsera vutoli

Bronchi ndi chiwalo cha mapiritsi, omwe amawonekera mwachimake ngati kamangidwe kake kamene kamatuluka m'magulu awiri, kuchokera kumalo omwe amapangidwira (bronchial tree) kuchoka. Nthambi zing'onozing'ono zowonongeka zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi maphunziro a alveolar, kumapeto kwa alveoli - maonekedwe a mapapo, omwe amagwiritsa ntchito mpweya wabwino. Ntchito yayikulu ya mababu amadzimadzi ndikutulutsa mpweya panthawi ya kudzoza, kuyeretsa ndi kutentha, komanso kuchotsa panthawi yopuma.

Potsutsana ndi zochitika zotupa zomwe zikuchitika mu bronchi pansi pa zowopsya, zimakhala zochepa m'thupi lanu, chitetezo cha bronchi chimatha kupirira ntchito zake. M'zigawo za mucosa, kusintha kwa thupi kumayenderana ndi hypertrophy ya glands zomwe zimapangitsa kusungunuka mwadzidzidzi ndi kusinthika kwa maselo a ciliated epithelium omwe amachititsa kuti pulogimu mu maselo opangira ziphuphu. Chotsatira chake, chomwe chimatchedwa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timapangidwa:

• kusungunuka kwakukulu koopsa;
• kuwonongeka kwa kuphulika kwa mbola kwa iwo;
• kuchedwa ndi kuwonjezeka kwa ziphuphu zotupa.

Njirazi zimayambitsa kukhazikitsidwa kwa njira zowonongeka, zosiyana ndi zomwe zimachitika popanda kuvuta. Akatswiri amanena kuti kuwonongeka kwa chiphuphu kumabweretsa njira zowonongeka komanso zosasinthika. Yoyamba ndi:

• kuwala kwa bronchi chifukwa cha kupweteka kwa minofu (bronchospasm);
• kutupa komwe kumakhudzana ndi kutupa kwa mucous ndi submucosa bronchi;
• Kudzaza mtengo wa bronchial ndi mitu yambiri, yosavuta.

M'tsogolomu, njirazi zimasinthidwa ndi zosasinthika:

• stenosis ya bronchi, limodzi ndi kupitirira kwa ziwalo zake zomwenso zimagwiritsira ntchito lumen;
• kuchepa kwakukulu mu mpweya wabwino kuchokera ku nthambi zazing'ono za bronchi;
• Kuthamanga kwa khoma la membrane la bronchi yaikulu ndi trachea ndi kutuluka kupita ku lumen ya airways.

Zifukwa za bracchitis obstructive

Kwa odwala akuluakulu, matendawa amachititsa kuti izi zichitike:

• kusuta fodya, komwe ndege imasonkhanitsa zinthu zowonongeka zomwe zimasokoneza kuyeretsa, ndi kutupa kwa mucous membrane chifukwa cha kukwiya kwa utsi;
• Machitidwe ovulaza omwe amagwirizanitsidwa ndi kutuluka kwa mpweya, umene uli ndi fumbi, mankhwala a mankhwala;
• Matenda opatsirana kawirikawiri, kufooketsa njira zotetezera za njira yopuma;
• chibadwa - chophwanya kupanga α1-antitrypsin mapuloteni, zomwe zimawatsogolera kuwonongeka kwa mapapo.

Kuchepa kwa chiwerengero cha lumen cha bronchi:

1. Kutsekeka kosavuta - sikumapangitsa kuti kuwonongeka kwakukulu kuwonetsereka kwapansi ndi kusintha kofanana.
2. Kulepheretsa kwapadera kwa bronchi - pamene kuwala kwa bronchi kumatsekedwa ndi zosakwana 50%.
3. Kuchuluka kwakukulu kwa chitetezo - patency ya lumen ya bronchi yachepa kwambiri, zomwe zimapangitsa kuchepa kwa mpweya m'magazi ndi kuwonongeka kwa ntchito za ziwalo zonse ndi machitidwe.

Kuchotsa kansalu koopsa

Kachilombo koyambitsa katemera kamene kamakhala kofala kamakhala kamene kamakhala ndi kachilombo koyambitsa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, chifukwa cha matenda a bakiteriya kapena chifukwa cha zomwe zimachitika. Kuwonjezera pa matendawa ndi ana omwe ali ndi chitetezo chofooka, ali ndi chikhalidwe chokwanira chokwanira, chibadwa chawo. Kawirikawiri, nthambi zing'onozing'ono ndi zazikuluzikulu zimakhudzidwa, ndipo kutsekedwa kwa bronchi yaikulu sikusowa.

Matenda osokoneza bongo

Mwachikhalire, pali nthawi zakhululukidwa ndi zolemetsa, zomwe zimadziwika ndi mawonetseredwe awo. Kuwonetsedwa kwa mtundu uwu wa matendawa makamaka amuna, monga mwayi woti awathetsera zinthu zovulaza (kusuta fodya, ntchito zowopsa) ndizoposa. Pachifukwa ichi, pangakhale kusokonezeka kwa bronchi yaing'ono, ndi kuchepa kwa lumen wa zazikulu ndi zowononga bronchi, ndipo nthawi zina kutupa kwa minofu ya alveolar.

Kachilombo koletsedwa - zizindikiro

Kachilombo koopsa kachisokonezo, nthawi yomwe sichidutsa milungu itatu, ikuphatikizidwa ndi chithunzi chachipatala:

• kutentha kwa thupi;
• Chifuwa chouma kapena chosabereka (nthawi zambiri paroxysmal, choipa usiku ndi m'mawa);
• kuwonjezeka kwafupipafupi kwa kayendedwe ka kupuma mpaka 18 pa mphindi;
• kuoneka ngati kutuluka ndi kutuluka kwa mpweya, komwe kumawonekera ndi anthu oyandikana nawo ngakhale patali, zomwe zikulongosoledwa mu malo ovuta.

Matenda omwe amabwezeretsa matendawa, omwe amapezeka ndi matendawa katatu pachaka, amadziwonetsera ndi zizindikiro zotsatirazi:

• kumutu kwa mutu;
• kutopa kwakukulu;
• thukuta;
• mpweya wochepa;
• "Chizoloŵezi" chifuwa chovuta kusiyanitsa matewu, nthawi zina bulauni chachikasu, ndi kusakaniza magazi;
• kupukuta mluzu, kupuma;
• kusowa chakudya.

Nthaŵi ya kuwonjezereka, makamaka, ikufanana ndi nyengo yozizira ndipo imayang'aniridwa motsutsana ndi chiyambi cha matenda opatsirana kwambiri a kachilombo kapena hypothermia. Pankhaniyi, kutentha kwa thupi kumakula, kumakhala kolimba ndipo kumakhala kosalekeza komanso kupweteka kovuta, pali vuto lodziwika bwino popuma. Nthawi yobwereranso ndi pafupi masabata 2-3.

Kokoma ndi bronchitis obstructive

Kusungunuka kwamtundu wa viscous sputum, kuphatikiza pa bronchi, kumapangitsa kuti chifuwa chachikulu chikhale ndi chiphuphu chopweteketsa, chomwe chikulongosoledwa mwamsanga. Usiku komanso m'mawa kwambiri, amatha kugwidwa ndi matendawa. Kuchetsa kwachangu kuli kofooka, kungathe kukhala ndi khalidwe loyera, ndipo pakadali pano limatengedwa ngati kubwezeretsa kwa matendawa. Kugwedeza nthawi zonse kumaphatikizidwa ndi kupuma pang'ono. Kulepheretsa kwapadera kwa bronchi, komwe kungayambitse kupopa mankhwala, kumaphatikizapo chifuwa chachikulu ndi blanching khungu.

Kutentha ndi obstructive bronchitis

Kawirikawiri, odwala amene akuganiza kuti ali ndi matenda, amada nkhaŵa kuti pali kutentha komwe kumakhala ndi bronchitis obstructive. Ndikoyenera kudziŵa kuti ndi matendawa kutentha sikukwera nthawi zambiri ndipo kawirikawiri kumafika zizindikiro zapamwamba (nthawi zambiri sizoposa 38 ° C). Dziko la febrile limakhala lachidziwitso kwambiri chifukwa cha matendawa, ndipo nthawi zambiri matendawa amatha kupweteka kwambiri.

Kachilombo koyambitsa matenda - mankhwala

Kuti adziwe momwe angapangire chithandizo chopweteka, dokotala amapereka njira zingapo zothandizira, zomwe zimathandiza kuzindikira chomwe chimayambitsa matenda komanso kukula kwake. Njira zoterezi zikuphatikizapo:

• kuphulika ndi kupweteka m'mapapo;
• Mafilimu (kuphatikizapo kuyambitsidwa kwazithunzi zosiyana);
• chithunzi ;
• Kusinkhasinkha ndi kachilombo kabakiteriya;
• mayeso a magazi (ambiri, biochemistry);
• mayesero a immunological ndi zina zotero.

Milandu yoopsa kwambiri hospitali ikuchitika kuchipatala. Kachilombo koopsa komanso kovuta kwambiri, motsogozedwa ndi malungo, amafunika kuti mpumulo ukhalepo. Pambuyo kuchepetsa vutoli, odwala amalimbikitsidwa kuyenda mofulumira mumlengalenga, makamaka m'mawa. Kuonjezerapo, odwala ayenera kutsatira zotsatirazi:

1. Kukana kusuta (kutsekera ku kusuta fodya).
2. Chakumwa chokoma komanso chokwanira (nthawi zambiri kumwa moyenera kumawonjezeka 1.5-2 nthawi).
3. Chakudya chabwino ndi kupatula zakudya zovuta kudya, mafuta, zokazinga.
4. Mpweya m'chipinda momwe wodwalayo akukhala ayenera kukhala woyera, wothira.

Njira zazikulu zamankhwala:

• mankhwala;
• njira zochepetsera thupi (kuthamanga ndi kuzisuntha minofu, electrophoresis, inhalation);
• kupuma, kuyesa madzi.

Kachilombo koletsedwa - chithandizo choyamba

Anthu omwe amapanga bronchitis obstructive, chithandizo chodzidzimutsa chingakhale chofunika nthawi iliyonse, chifukwa kugwidwa koopsa kumatha msanga ndi mosayembekezereka. Zizindikiro zomwe zimasonyeza kuti ndizoopsa ndizo: kupanikizika kumakhala pamphepete mwa mpando ndi miyendo yopanda, chifuwa chouma kwambiri ndi kuwomba ndi kulira mluzu, milomo yabuluu ndi mphuno, palpitations. Pankhaniyi, muyenera kuyitanitsa ambulansi.

Asanafike madokotala, muyenera:

1. Perekani wodwalayo ndi mpweya wa mpweya.
2. Chotsani zovala zomwe zimalepheretsa kupuma.
3. Ikani inhaler-aerosol ndi bronchodilator, ngati poyamba adasankhidwa kukhala dokotala.
4. Gwiritsani ntchito njira yochepetsera mpweya wa bronchi, wophatikizapo kupuma mu mpweya wolemera kwambiri wa carbon-exhale ndikuwombera mlengalenga, mwamphamvu kwambiri kukanikiza kapu kwa munthuyo.

Kachilombo koletsedwa - mankhwala osokoneza bongo

Odwala omwe amawapeza kuti ndi "obstructive bronchitis" amatha kuuzidwa izi:

• mabokosi ( Salbutamol , Atrovent, Serevent);
• mucolytics (Ambroxol, Trypsin, Acetylcysteine);
• maantibayotiki a bronchitis obstructive (Azithromycin, Cefuroxime, Clarithromycin);
• glucocorticosteroids (Prednisolone, Fluticasone);
• mankhwala osagwira ntchito (anti-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (Ibuprofen, Paracetamol, Nimesulide).

Kutsegula m'mimba ndi kupwetekedwa kwa bronchitis

Ngati mankhwalawa akuyenera kuwonongedwa, imodzi mwa njira zosankhika zimayendetsedwa ndi nebulizers. Zinthu zogwiritsidwa ntchito zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito zimatulutsidwa kanthawi kochepa kuti zitha kuwonongeka, kuti zithetse kuchepa, kuchepetsa kutupa, ndi kuchotsa pulogm. Timalemba mndandanda wa mankhwala omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pofufuzira:

• Berodual ;
• Atrovent;
• Berotek;
• Ventolin;
• Lazolvan;
• Budesonid ndi ena.

Kachilombo koletsedwa - njira zamakono zochiritsira

Chithandizo cha bronchitis obstructive ndi mankhwala ochiritsika amavomerezedwa atalandira mgwirizano ndi dokotala yemwe akupezekapo, ndipo maphikidwe a anthu amatha kukhala chithandizo chokhacho. Kawirikawiri, ochiritsa amalimbikitsa kuti azitenga zitsamba zamitundu zosiyanasiyana zomwe zimayambitsa mankhwala osokoneza bongo (anti-mother-and-step-mothers, root licorice, thyme).

Mapulogalamu ogwira ntchito opangidwa ndi anyezi

Zosakaniza:

• anyezi - 500 g;
• shuga - 400 g;
• wokondedwa - 50 g;
• madzi - lita imodzi.

Kukonzekera ndi ntchito

1. Peel ndi kuwaza anyezi.
2. Sakanizani ndi shuga, wokondedwa, onjezerani madzi.
3. Wiritsani kutentha kwa maola atatu, ozizira, kukhetsa.
4. Tengani supuni 4-6 pa tsiku.

Kachilombo koletsedwa - mavuto

Matenda oopsa omwe amachititsa kuti munthu asamadzipweteke nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi zotsatirazi:

• emphysema wa mapapo ;
• kuperewera kwa kupuma;
• mtima wamphongo ;
• bronchiectasis;
• yachiwiri mapulaneti odwala matenda oopsa.