Chakumapeto kwa chilimwe kapena kumayambiriro kwa autumn, miphika yokongola ndi ma chrysanthemums amaonekera m'masitolo ogulitsa ndi maluwa. Ambiri amaganiza molakwika kuti izi ndi zaka, zomwe m'nyengo yozizira zimatha kutayidwa ndi zinyalala. Komabe, tchirezi mosamala zimakhala zikufalikira kwa zoposa chaka.
Zinyama zam'madzi - mitundu
Pakati pa mitundu yosiyana siyana, poyamba simungamvetse kuti miphika yonse ndi yosiyana: kukula ndi mawonekedwe a masamba, masamba ndi mtundu wa korona. Pali mitundu inayi, yomwe mkati mwake maluwa a chrysanthemum amagawanika:
- Chipinda cha Chrysanthemum cha Chinyanja , chokhala ndi hybrids ndi maluwa akuluakulu awiri ophweka, chomeracho ndi chachikulu ndipo chimakula mpaka 130 cm;
- tinachokera ku zilumba za Canary kuti tidzakhale ndi zomera zowonongeka , zimakula mpaka mamita okwera, m'madera ofunda zikhoza kukula pamtunda;
- Wolemba mbiriyo pamalonda athu ndi mtundu wachi Indian , chifukwa amadzimva yekha pazenera komanso mabulconi bwino kuposa ena onse;
- Mipira yowala - oyimira mitundu ya Korea , iwo amafunikira kwambiri.
Kodi mungasamalire bwanji chipinda cha chrysanthemum?
Kulondola kwa chisamaliro ndikulonjezana ndi chitsamba chamaluwa. Zimayamba ndi masiku oyambirira pambuyo pa kugula ndikupitirira ngakhale maluwa. Nthawi zina pali lingaliro lakuti kusamalira chipinda chrymanthemum ndi chovuta ndipo palibe chitsimikizo cha maluwa kwa nyengo yotsatira. Komabe, m'njira zambiri olima amaluwa amadziimba mlandu okha, chifukwa akuyesera kusamalira chrysanthemum komanso zomera zomwe zimakhala zobiriwira pawindo.
Ground for chrysanthemum
Malo a chipinda cha chrysanthemum si chinthu chovuta kapena chosowa chogulitsidwa. Zokwanira chifukwa cha maluwa mkati mwa zomera, ndizopachilengedwe kwa mitundu yonse ya chrysanthemums. Ndikofunika kudyetsa mbewu kuti ikule bwino komanso maluwa. Amakonda chrysanthemum nkhuku manyowa monga feteleza, kuwonjezeranso kuti iyenera kutayidwa, mwinamwake nthaka idzakhala yochuluka kwambiri. Chifukwa cha chitetezo cha zomera, nthaka nthawi zonse imapyozedwa mu uvuni. Ngati ntchitoyo ndi kupeza zotsatira zowonjezereka, mukhoza kusakaniza zosakaniza nokha:
- magawo awiri a nthaka;
- gawo limodzi;
- gawo la humus;
- gawo la mchenga, koma ndi tirigu waukulu.
Chophika chipinda chrysanthemum
Kufuna mphika watsopano wa chiweto chanu chobiriwira kumangotheka nyengo yotsatira:
- Njira yothetsera chitsamba chaching'ono ndi ceramic kapena dothi. Njira yosavuta ndiyo kulima ndi kusamalira zinyumba zamkati za mchere, zomangidwa pansi pa kalembedwe ka dziko ndi njira yeniyeni yabwino, kuphulika kwa mipira mu miphika yoyera kumawoneka bwino.
- Mphika uliwonse wotsatira suyenera kukhala wawukulu kwambiri kusiyana ndi wakale, koma nthaka panthawi yomwe imafalikira iyenera kusinthidwa kwathunthu.
- Mzu wa duwa ndi wongopeka, choncho mkulu miphika yopapatiza sizingagwirizane nazo. Koma mbale zolowa pansi zimadutsa, chifukwa chomera chikufunika bwino.
Kodi mungasamalire bwanji chipinda chachisawawa mutagula?
Cholengedwa chirichonse chokhala ndi moyo pambuyo pa kusintha kwa malo chimakhala ndi nthawi yokonzekera ndi kusuta. Kumbali ina - zomera zotere m'masitolo zimagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka, ndipo nthaka mu mphika idzakhala ikuyenda. Mukhoza kusunga duwa, chifukwa izi zilipo zophweka, kusamalira chipinda chamagetsi mutagula ndi motere:
- Mwezi iwiri, kapena itatu, wokhalamo watsopano pawindo sill ali pamalo ofunda ndi ofunika. Chipinda cha chrysanthemum chimagwiritsidwa ntchito, sichiyenera kusokonezeka: kuthirira, kukonkha kapena kudyetsa feteleza sizingatheke.
- Chinthu chovuta kwambiri ndi kupereka chomera kupumula ndikuchotsa masamba. Izi zikutanthauza kudula maluwa onse kapena kuyembekezera mpaka atatuluka, ndikuchotsa zosafunikira. Maluwa amatenga khama kwambiri, zidzasokoneza kusintha kwake ndi kuchepetsa mwayi wopita mobwerezabwereza.
- Ngati palibe maluwa amodzi omwe achoka pamtunda, mukhoza kuyamba kuika. Choyamba, timayang'ana mizu ndi kuchotsa mbali zonse zovunda kapena zoonekeratu za matenda. Malo a magawo amachiritsidwa ndi wosweka malasha, ndiye chitsamba chimasamutsidwa ku nthaka yatsopano, koma kukula kwa vase sikusintha.
Indoor chrysanthemum - maluwa
Timapeza tchire kuti maluwa okongola azikongoletsa mawindo. Komabe, kupanga phokoso la chitsamba si kophweka. Kawirikawiri izi ndi zotsatira za chisamaliro chosayenera. Zimakhalanso kuti chitsamba cha chrysanthemum chiyenera kuthandizidwa ku maluwa, chisamaliro cha kunyumba chiyenera kukonzedwa:
- limaphuka zomera zidzangokhala kutentha pamwamba pa 18 ° C, chitsamba chimamva bwino mu kutentha kwakukulu;
- nthawi ya maluwa idzawonjezera madzi okwanira, pamene ikufika polimbana ndi malire osaloleza nthaka kuti iume, m'mawa ndi madzulo musaiwale za kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa ndi madzi;
- Sitingathe kufesa nthaka musanayambe maluwa, timadyetsa chipinda cha chrysanthemum pokhapokha ngati mphukira ikuyambira - nthaka yosauka komanso kudyetsa pang'ono ndi chifukwa chosowa maluwa;
- Zopindulitsa kuphuka kwa masamba zimakhudza fetereza ndi phosphorous feteleza;
- Ngati simukuthira mphukira pa nthawi, chitsambachi chidzaima mobiriwira koma sichidzatha (simungathe kukonza, kotero simungaiwale za mapangidwe a mphukira);
- Pamene tsiku lowala ndilopitirira maola asanu ndi awiri, chomeracho sichikhala ndi mphamvu zokwanira maluwa, ndikofunika kupereka kuwala kokwanira ndi kutentha.
Malo a chrysanthemum - kusamala pambuyo pa maluwa
Nthawi yotsalayo ndi chikhalidwe choyenera cha ntchito yofunika kwambiri ya mbewu iliyonse. Koma sikokwanira kuthetsa masamba omwe atchulidwa, nyengo yozizira idzathandizira kutalikitsa moyo wa duwa. Pamene chipinda chanu chrysanthemum chazira, pali njira zinayi zomwe zingathetsere zomwe mungachite:
- Timapanga hibernate pa khonde lamkati kapena pakhomo. Pambuyo maluwa, mphukira imachotsedwa, osasiya masentimita 15 kuchokera pansi. Kenaka, ikani chophikacho ndi chomera pamalo otsetsereka, kumene kutentha kudzasintha mkati mwa 3-8 ° C. Mukhoza kuthirira, koma kamodzi pamwezi osati mochuluka.
- Nthawi yozizira kwambiri idzakhala chrysanthemum komanso pawindo la nyumbayo. Pankhani iyi, kudulira pambuyo pa maluwa sikudzakhala kochepa. Ife timatsanulira mu boma lomwelo monga mu nyengo ya zomera.
- Mungathe kuphatikizapo mphika pansi. Kudulira kudzakhala kofanana ndi kusunga pakhomo. Nthaka imathiriridwa bwino kuti ikhale yothira. Kenaka, tumizani mphika pansi.
- Mitundu ina imamva bwino pambuyo pa maluwa pamalo otseguka. Zimayambira kudula masentimita 10 ndi kuwaza ndi peat wouma, masamba ogwa bwino kapena nthaka kuchokera kumunda. Chophimba chapamwamba ndi polyethylene, wapadera chophimba zipangizo.
Kodi mungachulukitse bwanji chipinda cha chrysanthemum?
Pamene chrysanthemum yanu ikukula ndipo yakupatsani mphukira zazing'ono, izo zimafalitsidwa. Pali njira zingapo zomwe chipinda cha chrysanthemum chimabala:
- Pambuyo pa nyengo yozizira, chomera chimayamba kukulira ndipo mwakhama chimapereka mphukira zatsopano. Panthawi imeneyo nyama zinyama zimachotsedwa ku chitsamba cha mayi. Mpaka zisanu ndi chimodzi mbande zimapezeka ndi budding. Pafupifupi chaka chimodzi kenako anyamatawo amayamba kuphuka.
- Kudula ndi njira ya mitundu yonse ya zomera. Komabe, kwa chrysanthemum mkati, njira iyi ndi yopambana kuposa yoyamba. Sankhani zimayambira zowonjezereka, kenako azifupikitseni mpaka masentimita 12 ndi kuwatumiza kuti apite kumalo ozizira, onetsetsani ndi filimu ndikuyika pamalo ozizira, nthawi zonse mpweya ndi madzi nthaka.
- Oleza mtima ndi okonda kwambiri maluwa amalima ndiwo njira yoyenera ya mbewu. Mbeu zogula kapena zogula zimagawanika pansi ndipo zimawonongeka pang'ono ndi mchenga wa mtsinje. Kuchokera spray sprayed kubzala yokutidwa ndi polyethylene. Mu masabata awiri mukhoza kuyembekezera mbande. Nthaŵi zonse amawombera ndi kuthirira madzi, pambuyo pa tsamba lachinayi likhoza kukhala.
Kusindikizidwa kwa chipinda cha chrysanthemum
Mitengo yaing'ono imafuna vesi yatsopano nthawi iliyonse. Mitengo yautali imamva bwino kwambiri mu vase imodzi kwa zaka ziwiri mzere. Musanayambe kusuntha chipinda chachisala, muyenera kukonzekera. Nthaka imaloledwa kwathunthu, koma timasunga zomwe zimapangidwa. Vase iliyonse yotsatira iyenera kukhala yaikulu imodzi ndi theka lalikulu, ndi masentimita awiri m'kati mwake. Kukonzekera kwake sikuli kosiyana ndi kubzala kwa mbeu zazing'ono: sitimayiwala za madzi osanjikizana, timagwirizanitsa nthaka ndi mizu pang'ono.
Kodi mungachepetse bwanji chipinda cha chrysanthemum?
Kuwonjezera pa kudulira pambuyo pa maluwa, kudulira kumagwiritsidwa ntchito kupanga chitsamba. Mu funso la momwe angasamalire chipinda cha chipinda mu mphika, mfundo iyi si yotsiriza:
- chiyambi cha kudulira mapangidwe akugwa tsiku lakhumi ndi chisanu mutabzala chomera mu mphika;
- kuchokera kutalika kwake kwa pafupifupi 12 cm kudula chidutswa ndi mapepala angapo;
- kupititsa patsogolo nayitrogeni feteleza kumayambira;
- Mu masabata awiri mukhoza kupeza mphukira zatsopano m'machimo.
Kodi mungamwetse bwanji chipinda cha chrysanthemum?
Imodzi mwa zovuta kwa wolima munda ndi kuthirira chipinda cha chinyumba. Pano mukuyenera kukhazikika nthawi zonse pakati pa nthaka yonyowa ndi yonyowa. Njira yothetsera mankhwala ndi mbale kapena sitayi yomwe madzi sangathe, idzachititsa kuti mizu ikhale yovunda. Mitundu yomwe imatha kukula mu mphika poyamba inali munda - sitimanyalanyaza kukonkha, timangochita zokha m'mawa.
Matenda a chrysanthemum chipinda
Pakati pa matenda opatsirana, nthawi zambiri zimatha kutcha verticillium wilt. Ichi ndi chimodzi mwa zifukwa zomwe masamba amauma pa chipinda cha Chrysanthemum. Mwa matendawa, nkhuku ndi powdery mildew zimawopa, imvi zowola ndi septoriosis zili zovuta. Pakati pa matenda a tizilombo taopsezedwa ndi chrysanthemum aspermia, yochepa kwambiri, yozungulira komanso yojambula.