Chibayo, zizindikiro zomwe zamoyo zosiyanasiyana zimadziwonetsera m'njira zosiyanasiyana, ndizovulala kwambiri pamapapo. Matendawa ndi achilendo komanso otupa. Monga lamulo, zinthu zonse zamatenda zimaphatikizapo, ndipo ngati chithandizo cha matenda sichithandizidwa, chimakhala ndi zotsatira zoopsa.
Kodi chibayo ndi chiyani, ndipo ndi choopsa motani?
Kutupa kumayamba chifukwa cha ntchito ya tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Izi ndi matenda omwe anthu ambiri amawapeza, omwe amapezeka mwa anthu 12-14 kuchokera pa 1000. Ngati mumadziwa kuti matendawa amatha bwanji, ndikuyamba kuchira moyenera, kulimbana ndi kutupa sikovuta, koma sizingatheke kuti mutengepo. Pa chifukwa ichi, mpaka pano, chibayo ndi matenda oopsa.
Kodi chiwopsezo cha chibayo ndi chiyani? Mitundu yoopsa ya matendawa ingayambitse kuwonongeka kwa minofu, ndipo zotsatira za poizoni zimayambitsa matenda osokoneza mtima, opatsirana, amphongo ndi opuma, opatsirana poizoni. Kuonjezera apo, chibayo chimayambitsa ndi zovuta zomwe sizinapangidwe:
- encephalitis;
- chiwindi;
- sepsis;
- kupweteka;
- otitis;
- magazi;
- mastoiditis;
- psychosis.
Chibayo - Mitundu
Akuluakulu ndi ana angakhudzidwe ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya matenda. Mitundu yotupa ya mapapo imatsimikiziridwa malinga ndi zinthu zosiyanasiyana:
- katswiri wa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda a tizilombo toyambitsa matenda;
- kuchuluka kwa zovuta za matenda;
- Kukhazikika kwa njira yotupa;
- gulu la odwala.
Chizindikiro cha chibayo
Ichi ndi chimodzi mwa mitundu ya kutupa kwakukulu. Zizindikiro za chibayo, zizindikiro zomwe zimakhala zikuwonetseratu m'njira zosiyanasiyana, zimayamba chifukwa cha kutupa m'magawo ochepa a m'mapapo. Monga lamulo, zimakhudza timagulu ting'onoting'ono tomwe timapanga. Kuphulika kwakukulu kwa mapapo kwa akulu kumachitika nthawi zambiri.
Matenda a chiphuphu
Ndi mtundu uwu wa matendawa, ndondomeko yaikulu yotupa ikuwonekera. Chikupu cha chiphuphu mwa akuluakulu chimaphatikizidwa ndi matenda oledzera. Nthaŵi zambiri, zimaphatikizidwa ndi kusintha kwachiwiri komwe kumachitika mkati mwa ziwalo. Ngati wodwala sakulandira nthawi yothandizira, matendawa amatha kufa mofulumira chifukwa cha ubongo wa hypoxia kapena mtima ndi kupuma kwaumtima.
Chibayo cha chiphuphu, zomwe zizindikiro zake zimatchulidwa kwambiri, zimayambira magawo anayi:
- Amakhala masiku 1-3, omwe amalumikiza alveoli, ndipo amadzikundikira.
- Amakhala masiku 3-5. Panthawi imeneyi, mpweya umachoka ku alveoli umalowetsedwa ndi kutuluka kwa fibroous ndi leukocyte, maselo ofiira a magazi, maselo a epithelial.
- Ma Leukocyte amayamba kulamulira mu exudate.
- Ikubwera pa tsiku la 7-11. Njira yobwezeretsa fini imayamba.
Unilateral chibayo
Matendawa amadziwika ndi chitukuko cha kutupa m'mapapo amodzi okha. Chibayo chachikulu chopezeka pamanja chimapezeka nthawi zambiri kuposa chibayo cha kumanzere. Chifukwa chake ndi chakuti bronchus yolondola imapezeka mosavuta kuchokera pamwamba, ndipo tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timakonda kusonkhanitsa mmenemo. Kuonjezerapo, limba ndilofupika ndi lalifupi kuposa lamanzere. Pofuna kupewa matenda, zizindikiro za chibayo zimayamba kuonekera, pomwepo m'pofunikira kuti muzindikire bwinobwino.
Pneumonia ziwiri
Ichi ndi matenda aakulu a mapiritsi, omwe amadziwika ndi kugonjetsedwa kwa mapapu onse akumanzere ndi olondola. Kawirikawiri, chibayo chapachiŵeni ndi chotsatira cha ntchito ya mabakiteriya a pneumococcal. Matendawa ndi oopsa, nthawi zambiri amapereka mavuto, omwe nthawi zina amapangitsa kufa. Chiberekero chogonana chingasonyeze zizindikiro mu thupi la odwala a msinkhu uliwonse, koma monga lamulo, ndikofunikira kuvutika kawirikawiri kwa omwe omwe ali ndi chitetezo chokha sichinawumbidwe kapena kufooka.
Chibayo - Zimayambitsa
Njira zotupa zimayamba chifukwa cha matenda opatsirana osiyanasiyana. Zotsatirazi zimapangitsa kuti kutukusira kwapamwamba kukupangidwe komanso kukhazikitsa malo abwino oti aberee abereke. Mwachidule, zifukwa zazikulu za chibayo ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Zomwe zimayambitsa matenda a chibayo ndi awa:
- Matenda aakulu (mtima, impso, mapapo);
- anesthesia;
- chithunzi;
- okalamba (odwala oposa 60 ndi chibayo amakhala odwala);
- kupanga njira yopangira mpweya wabwino m'mapapo;
- kusokoneza chikonga ndi mowa;
- chisokonezo;
- kupweteka kwamakono ku chifuwa;
- oncology;
- kupuma kwa nthawi yaitali.
Chowopsa chochititsa chibayo
Pafupipafupi nthawi zonse mankhwalawa amalowa m'mapapo kudzera m'mapapo opuma. Nthawi zambiri, matenda amapezeka kudzera mwazi kuchokera kwa ena a matenda a thupi. Kamodzi kokhala ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timayambira m'mapapu a mapapo, kutentha kumayamba, ndipo maselo a magazi omwe ali ndi macrophages amakhala nawo, kuwonjezereka kwa thupi kumayamba.
Kuwonjezera pa ntchito ya Klebsiella, nkhuku imayamba chifukwa cha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda:
- pneumococcus ;
- staphylococci;
- legionella ;
- ndodo yamphongo;
- E. coli;
- Chlamydia;
- moraxelles;
- streptococcus;
- aspergillus;
- pneumocyst;
- bowa la mtundu wa Candida;
- mavairasi a fuluwenza, parainfluenza, rhinovirus .
Zizindikiro za chibayo
Zizindikiro za chibayo zimasiyana. Chizindikirochi chimadalira pazifukwa zosiyanasiyana:
- chifukwa cha matenda;
- zaka za wodwala;
- thanzi la wodwalayo;
- matenda othandizira.
Zizindikiro za chibayo zimatha kutchulidwa kapena kutayika. Kutupa kwa mapapo ndi kotheka, ndipo nthawi zina kumakhala kosavuta. Matenda aakulu kwambiri amapezeka okalamba, ana ndi omwe chitetezo chawo chafooka. Odwala oterewa ndi ovuta kuposa ena kuti akumane ndi mavuto, ndipo amafunikira mankhwala owonjezera. Ndipo ndi zofunika kuti imayamba posachedwa pambuyo poyambirira kwa zizindikiro zoyamba. Zizindikiro za chibayo mwa munthu wamkulu ndi izi:
- kupweteka m'chifuwa ndi chifuwa komanso kupuma kwakukulu;
- ziphuphu zomwe zimveka bwino;
- kutopa;
- chisokonezo;
- mutu;
- mpweya wochepa;
- kunjenjemera kwa mawu;
- phokoso;
- zosaoneka bwino (ngati zikugwirizana ndi cyanosis ya katatu ya nasolabial, izi zingasonyeze hypoxia ya minofu mu chibayo ).
Kutentha pa chibayo
Kutupa kwa mapapo kungapangidwe ndi popanda kutentha. Odwala ambiri amavutika ndi kutentha, zomwe sizingagwiritse ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo (kuperewera kwa mankhwala apadera ndi chimodzi mwa zizindikiro za chibayo). Kwa iwo kutentha kudumphira mpaka 39 - 40 madigiri, ndipo palinso odwala omwe amamva malaise okha. Chigawo cha thermometer sichikwera madigiri 37.5, koma ngakhale pamenepo muyenera kukaonana ndi dokotala.
Zizindikiro za chibayo munthu wamkulu yemwe alibe kutentha zimasiyana ndi zizindikiro za matenda "achikhalidwe":
- Monga lamulo, odwala omwe ali ndi chibayo amatuluka khungu la nkhope, ndipo pamasaya pali zovuta zachilendo.
- Ngati mumamvetsera, mutha kusiyanitsa kuti kupuma kwa wodwala kumatsagana ndi mluzi wosagwirizana.
- Kuchita kulikonse kumapangitsa kupuma pang'ono.
- Odwala ambiri amavutika kuyenda, amaswa ndikumwa nthawi zonse.
- Kawirikawiri odwala amadandaula za ululu pamene akutembenuza miyendo yawo.
Kukuda ndi chibayo
Ichi ndi chimodzi mwa zizindikiro zazikulu za matendawa. Monga lamulo, kumayambiriro koyamba kutsokomola kumakhala kouma ndipo kumapweteketsa kwambiri, chifukwa kumapweteka kwambiri wodwalayo nthawi zonse. Pamene matendawa akuyamba, chifuwa chimakhala chowawa ndipo chimaphatikizapo kutulukira mtundu wa mtundu wachikasu. Mavutowo amachititsa ululu m'chifuwa. Nthaŵi zina kupweteka kwapakhosi kukuwonekera pamayendedwe awo.
Ngakhale kuti zimayambitsa mavuto ambiri, chifuwa ndi chizindikiro chabwino. Panthawi ya chiwembu, matendawa amachokera m'mapapu. Ngati chibayo popanda chifuwa chimachitika, ndiye tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timakhalabe m'thupi ndikupitiriza kuchulukana, ndipo izi zimadzaza ndi mavuto. Kupezeka kwa matendawa kungathe kuwonedwa kwa odwala omwe posachedwapa anadwala bronchitis kapena laryngitis.
Kutupa kwa mapapo popanda zizindikiro
Mtundu uwu wa matendawa umapezeka, monga lamulo, motsutsana ndi chiwopsezo cha chitetezo chochepa, kudyetsa kosagwiritsidwa ntchito kwa antibacterial wothandizira kwambiri kapena mankhwala achilendo ndi mankhwala osokoneza bongo. Ngati zizindikiro za chibayo zilibe, ndipo matendawa m'thupi amayamba, amadziwika kuti "chibayo chapachika". Chizindikiro chachikulu cha matendawa chingakhale kuperewera kwadzidzidzi. Odwala aliyense amadziŵa kuti ndi kutupa kwapakati kwadzidzidzi iwo amamva chizungulire, kupuma kwambiri.
Kuzindikira chifuwa chachikulu cha chibayo n'zotheka ndi zizindikiro monga:
- kuyenda kofanana pakati pa chifuwa;
- kufooka;
- kutopa mwamsanga;
- kusakhoza kutenga mpweya wakuya;
- ululu pamene mutembenuza gawo lakumtunda kwa thunthu.
Kodi matenda a chibayo amapezeka bwanji?
Nthaŵi zambiri, kukayikira kwa kutupa kumachitika ndi dokotala panthawi yofufuzidwa. Mukapeza chibayo, X-ray imakhala ndi udindo waukulu. Ichi ndi chida chachikulu chogwiritsira ntchito. The roentgenogram ikuwonetseratu cholinga cha kutupa. Kuphatikiza pa fluoroscopy, katswiri ayenera kuyesa kafukufuku wa ma laboratory ndikuyang'ana msuti. Ndondomekoyi imathandiza kuzindikira chibayo cha chibayo ndikupeza tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.
Gawo lofunika lachidziwitso ndi kuyesa magazi. Nambala yowonjezera ya maselo oyera a m'magazi idzawonetsa chiwopsezo cha tizilombo kapena bakiteriya. Njira ina yozindikiritsira ndi bronchoscopy. Iyi ndi njira yosasangalatsa, koma imathandiza kuphunzira bronchi. Chofunika kwambiri cha njirayi ndikumayambiriro kudzera m'mphuno kapena pakamwa pang'onopang'ono, momwe ziwalo zimayendera ndipo, ngati kuli koyenera, ntchentche imatengedwa kuchokera pamalo otsekemera.
Chibayo - mankhwala
Mankhwalawa akhale oyenera komanso abwino ngati akuchitidwa kuchipatala. Mmene angachiritse chibayo, dokotala amalingalira. Ntchito ya wodwala ndiyo kutsatira malamulo onse a dokotala. Apo ayi, mankhwala akhoza kuchedwa, ndipo chikhalidwe - choipa. Kuchiza kwa kutupa kumaphatikizapo zochitika izi:
- Kulandira mankhwala oletsa antibacterial. Mwachizoloŵezi ndi chosavuta cha matendawa, maantibayotiki amaperekedwa mu mapiritsi kapena makapulisi. Muzochitika zina zonse, mankhwalawa amathandizidwa ndi intravenously.
- Physiotherapy. Matenda osagwira chifuwa popanda chifuwa komanso zizindikiro zoopsa zimatha kuchiritsidwa ndi ultraviolet irradiation ndi njira zina.
- Kuchiza kunyumba. Odwala ena amalimbikitsidwa kupanga nsabwe za mpiru, kuti azisamalidwa ndi zitsamba komanso kuti azichita masewera olimbitsa thupi.