Zomera feteleza - kufunika kwa zomera, makamaka kuntchito

Wamasamba aliyense amadziwa kuti zomera zomwe zimalima zimafuna feteleza. Lero, mungathe kukumana ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana: bakiteriya, mchere, zakudya zowonjezera zakudya, etc. Malo ofunika kwambiri m'ndandandawu ndi wotetezedwa ndi feteleza.

Manyowa opanga awo mitundu ndi makhalidwe

Zopangira za ntchito yofunikira za zamoyo kapena mafupa awo ndizovala zapamwamba. Pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya feteleza:

1. Manyowa. Ichi ndi feteleza chofunika kwambiri. Pakupanga kwake, pafupifupi 75 peresenti ya madzi, 21% ya zinthu zakutchire, 0,5% ya nayitrogeni, 0.25% ya phosphorous mosavuta diges, 0,6% ya potaziyamu oxide. Mtundu wa kudyetsa umadalira mtundu wa nyama, zakudya zake, zinyalala komanso njira yosungiramo feteleza.
2. Zojambula za mbalame. Nkhunda ndi nyerere za nkhuku zimaonedwa kuti ndizofunika kwambiri, ndipo tsekwe ndi bakha zili zazing'ono.
3. Peat. Sili ndi zakudya zambiri zowonjezera zomera, koma zimapangitsa kuti nthaka ikhale yabwino komanso imapangitsa kuti thupi likhale losangalala.
4. Il (sapropel). Kukulumikiza pansi pa matupi a madzi, uli ndi phosphorous, potaziyamu, nayitrogeni, humus.
5. Zakudya. Madzi osefukira kuchokera kumalo otetezera amachititsa kuti mchere ukhale wosavuta mosavuta ndi zomera.
6. Chiwombankhanga. Nthakayi imapangitsa kuti nthaka ikhale yowonjezera, imapangitsa mpweya wawo kukhala wodalirika komanso mphamvu ya chinyezi, koma m'pofunika kugwiritsa ntchito fetereza pokhapokha.
7. The Ciderates. Ndi mtundu wobiriwira wa masamba, sunflowers, buckwheat, phacelia ndi zomera zina.
8. Kompositi. Konzekerani ku mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zinyalala: zitosi za mbalame, nyansi zofiira, manyowa, zitsamba zokha, etc.

Kodi pali kusiyana kotani pakati pa feteleza ndi mineral feteleza?

Pofuna kudyetsa zomera, mchere ndi feteleza, zimakhala zosiyana kwambiri:

1. Popeza feteleza zokhala ndi feteleza ndizochitika zachilengedwe, sizili ndi zovuta kunthaka, zomwe sizingathe kunenedwa za feteleza zamchere.
2. Zopindulitsa kwambiri zakuthupi zimapangidwa muzambiri zochepa (zomwe ziri zomveka bwino) poyerekeza ndi mchere wotulutsidwa ndi makampani ogulitsa mafakitale.
3. Zotsatira za organic ndi zovuta komanso zotsalira, koma zotsatira za feteleza feteleza zimapezeka mofulumira.
4. Pofuna kumanga malo ena, ochepa feteleza ndi ochepa kuposa organic.
5. Kuonjezera kubereka kwa zinthu zakuthupi kumayambika mu nthaka mofanana. Kugwiritsidwa ntchito povala zovala zamagetsi kumaganizira zosiyana siyana, mwachitsanzo, kubzala mtundu wina wa mbeu, nthaka, ndi zina zotero.

Njira zowonjezera feteleza organic

Dothi lachonde ndilo fungulo la zomera zathanzi ndi zokolola zabwino. Choncho, kuyambitsidwa kwa organic feteleza m'nthaka ndi kovomerezeka agrotechnical muyeso. Pali njira zingapo zowonjezeramo zokhazokha:

1. Kusamalidwa kapena zofunikira. Feteleza amayamba asanafike m'dzinja kapena kumapeto kwa kasupe. Njira imeneyi imalola kuti zomera zizikhala ndi zakudya zofunika pa nthawi yonse ya chitukuko chawo. Ambiri amagwiritsira ntchito feteleza omwe ali pafupifupi 6-8 makilogalamu pa 1 sq. Km. m) Dongo lolemetsa dothi, chomera chimakhala chozama pafupifupi masentimita 15. Pa chernozem ndi dothi lochepa, kuya kwa embedment kumatha kufika masentimita 25.
2. Nthawi yofesa. Manyowa amayamba pofesa mbewu kapena kubzala mbande. Kudyetsa kotero kumapereka zakudya zazing'ono kumayambiriro kwa chitukuko chawo, zimakhala ndi mizu yamphamvu. M'tsogolomu, amatha kupewa kusagwirizana ndi nyengo ndi tizirombo.
3. Mbewu ikadzatha. Organic imayambitsidwa pa nyengo yokula. Amapatsa zomera zomwe zimathandiza kwambiri pakakula.

Yabwino feteleza

Alimi omwe sadziwa zambiri kawirikawiri amakonda chidwi ndi zomwe feteleza zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zomera zosiyanasiyana. Ndipotu, pakati pa mitundu yambiri ya kuvala nthawi zina zimakhala zovuta kusankha feteleza zomwe zili zofunika kunthaka yanu. Kuonjezera apo, mitundu yawo yosiyana siyiyeneranso bwino. Zotsatira za organic zimakhudza njira zambiri zomwe zimachitika m'nthaka:

1. Amalimbikitsa gawolo ndi zofunika zigawo za zomera.
2. Kukula kwa nthaka.
3. Amalamulira acidity m'nthaka.
4. Zimatulutsa mpweya wabwino komanso zimapangitsa kuti madzi asungunuke padziko lapansi.
5. Zimayambitsa kubereka kwa mabakiteriya kumathandiza padziko lapansi.
6. Mpweya wa carbon, womwe umamasulidwa panthawi ya kuwonongeka, umagwira nawo ntchito yopanga photosynthesis.

Organic feteleza kwa zomera zamkati

Pakati pa akatswiri, palibe malingaliro ambiri pankhani yothandiza kugwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zapamwamba pamwamba pa kuvala kwa m'nyumba zamaluwa. Manyowawa amachititsa dothi kusakaniza mpweya wambiri-ndi chinyezi-chovomerezeka ndipo chidzakulitsa kukula kwa zobiriwira. Komabe, kwa organic ndi bulbous maluwa organic kudyetsa si abwino, ndipo yowala ndi variegated masamba a zomera zina ndi owonjezera amenewa feteleza akhoza kukhala wobiriwira. Yabwino organic feteleza kwa maluwa ndi nkhuni phulusa ndi humus.

Manyowa opangira m'munda

Kuti mupeze zokolola zabwino kuchokera ku infield, muyenera kudyetsa malowa nthawi zonse. Kuti muchite izi, mukhoza kusankha bwino feteleza feteleza:

• ndowe yamphongo;
• kompositi;
• phulusa;
• sawdust;
• peat;
• zobiriwira feteleza - zimagwedeza;
• zitosi za mbalame.

Manyowa opangidwa ndi manja

Kwa iwo amene akufuna kukula zipatso ndi ndiwo zamasamba popanda kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala, tingakulimbikitseni kupanga feteleza feteleza kunyumba kwanu:

1. Banana peel. Iyenera kuikidwa pamanda pafupi ndi chomera. Kutaya, kudzakhala feteleza weniweni. Ndipo ngati mutayika kansalu kwa masiku angapo m'madzi, mumatha kuvala madzi okwanira ndi mitengo ya zipatso ndi maluwa.
2. Mchere wowawa. Amalimbikitsa nthaka ndi sulfure ndi magnesium ndipo amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwa tomato ndi maluwa. 1 tbsp. mabodza. salt imasungunuka mu madzi okwanira 1 litre ndipo chomeracho chimathiriridwa ndi zomera.
3. Kulima udzu. Kuchokera pamenepo mukhoza kukonza feteleza omwe ali ndi nayitrogeni. Pochita izi, lembani tangi ndi udzu ndikudzaza ndi madzi. Amapatsa masiku 3-5, ndiyeno amathirira zomera, kusakaniza tincture ndi madzi mu chiŵerengero cha 1:10.
4. Kulowetsedwa pa kompositi. Zimakonzedwa molingana ndi njira yomweyi, ndipo zomera zilizonse zimatha kulumikizidwa ndi izo.
5. Malo a khofi. Idzadzaza nthaka ndi nayitrogeni ndikuwonjezera acidity. Manyowawa ndi oyenera maluwa amkati ndi kunja.

Minuses wa organic feteleza

Kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kwa feteleza organic pakukula zomera zosiyanasiyana kuli ndi ubwino wambiri, koma palinso zolakwika ku ntchito yawo:

1. Zakudya zambiri m'nthaka ndizochepa.
2. Mu feteleza, makamaka mu manyowa, pali nambala yambiri ya namsongole.
3. Zamagulu ndi feteleza zovuta zimakhala za mtengo wapatali.