Maluwa okongola a yucca ali ndi makhalidwe onse, ndi oyenera kukongoletsera nyumba, chiwembu chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zodzoladzola ndi mankhwala. Kukula mitengo yamitengo yaing'ono kumapatsa mwini munda mwayi wokhala ndi nyengo yozizira kuti adzikonzekerere mdziko lapansi zenizeni za chilengedwe.
Kodi yucca imakula bwanji?
Chomera ichi chimachokera ku America, koma chasintha bwino kwa nyengo ya ku Ulaya. Kumalo otseguka amapezeka ku Black Sea dera, ku Central Asia, kumadera akumwera kwa Ukraine. Maluwa a yucca amakula mwa mawonekedwe a tchire kapena mitengo yamitengo yonyenga ndi thunthu laling'ono ngati mtengo. Masamba pa chomera ali ochepa, ndi nsonga yachitsulo, yolimba, mpaka mamita yaitali. Zingakhale zosiyana ndi mtundu kapena zimakhala zofiira malinga ndi mitundu. Mitedza yaing'ono yosasunthika siimatulutsa masamba m'nyengo yozizira.
Yucca imatulutsa maluwa okwera mapesi panthawi yobiriwira, yomwe yambiri yonyezimira yonyezimira mabelu a kuwala. Mitengo yokongoletsera mkatikatikati mwa chitsamba, yomwe imatha kutalika kwa theka la mita mamita 2.5. Peduncles amakula molunjika kapena kugwa. Maluwa akhoza kukhala achikasu, okongola, obiriwira. Chidutswa cha yucca - maluwa imapezeka usiku, pamene chomeracho chimatulutsa fungo lonunkhira, kukumbukira fungo la mankhwala otsika mtengo.
Mitundu ya yucca
Kumadera akutchire ku America, padzakhala mitundu 30 ya kanjedza, ndipo nthawi zambiri zidzakhala zazikulu, kuposa mitengo yambiri yozizira. Mwachitsanzo, mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mbewuyi imakhala yaikulu mamita asanu ndipo imakhala ndi mbiya. Ku Ulaya, amateur amamera ndipo amakula makamaka mitundu itatu yokongoletsera, yomwe imayendetsedwa bwino ndi nyengo yathu ndipo imakhala ndi malo ozungulira malo.
Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya maluwa a yucca:
- Yucca filamentous. Chomeracho chikhoza kubzalidwa kumadera ndi nyengo yozizira, imatha kupirira mpaka 20 ° wa chisanu. Masamba ake ndi oblongwa, amadzikweza pamwamba, mpaka masentimita 60, ndipo amakhala ndi ulusi woyera. Maluwa a mtundu wa yucca amakhala ndi mphukira ya maluwa kufika mamita 2.5 m'lifupi, mabelu abwino amamera aakulu, mpaka masentimita 7 m'litali.
- Yucca akadali. Thunthu la duwa ndi lalifupi, masamba ndi owonda komanso ochepa kwambiri, owala kwambiri. Mabelu pa gray gray yucca ali obiriwira kapena obiriwira. Masamba amakula pamtambo umodzi, ndipo amatha kutalika kwa masentimita 90. Sungatchulidwe mokoma kum'mwera kwa yucca, imamera bwino mumlengalenga, imalekereredwa ndi chisanu ndi chilala.
- Yukka ndi njovu. Dzinalo linapatsidwa mawonekedwe ake chifukwa cha mwendo wakuda wakuda. Masamba ali pamwamba pake, ndipo thunthu losalala limayamba pang'onopang'ono pamene likukula. Kutaya masamba kusiya zizindikiro pa thunthu. M'nyengo yotentha, yucca maluwa kumtunda imakongoletsedwa ndi inflorescences ndi mabelu oyera.
Kulima kwa yucca
Njira yaikulu ya kukula kwa kanjedza yokongoletserayi ndi kuyatsa bwino kwa malo ndi kusamba madzi okwanira. Kuthetsa funso la momwe mungakwerere yucca kunyumba, muyenera kuyang'ana malo ozizira kumene kuli kosavuta kubwezeretsa nyengo yozizira. Kunja, kutentha kwakukulu kwa kukula kwa maluwa ndi pafupifupi 25 ° C, koma osati kuposa 30 ° C. M'nyengo yozizira timayesetsa kuteteza yucca kuchokera pazithunzi ndikusunga pa 18-20 ° C. M'miyezi yamdima timatsegula chomeracho ndi nyali, kumapangitsa kuti tsiku lowala likhale labwino.
Mmene mungabzala yucca?
Maluwawo amakula mu mawonekedwe a mphika chikhalidwe kapena poyera. Kwa munda wa yucca, kubzala ndi kusamalira ndizoyenera pamalo omasuka. Timapewa nkhumba komanso madera omwe ali pamtunda pafupi ndi makoma akumpoto kapena pansi pa mitengo yachifumu. Choyenera, duwa liyenera kubzalidwa pamalo okwezeka dzuwa. Zitsime zimayenera kukumba pasadakhale miyezi ya m'dzinja, kupanga mabowo ndi kukula kwake kwakukulu kuposa mizere ya mizu.
Malangizo obzala maluwa a yucca:
- Ndikofunika kuika chomera ngati chitsamba chikukula mwamphamvu, pamene mizu ikhoza kugawidwa bwino;
- Mizu ya yucca ndi yosavuta kuonongeka, imayankhula mozama kwambiri kuposa theka la mita;
- Kuwombera kumachitika m'chaka kapena mu August;
- maluwa a yucca amawopa kutayika;
- Chovala choyamba chotsatira chodzala chikachitika pasanapite masiku 14.
Maluwa okongola a yucca - dothi
Pakuti duwa ili ndi pH yokwanira mu 5.5-6.5 (yosavuta acidic medium). Timasankha nthaka ndi mchere ndi mapangidwe a porous, kuti mizu ikhale yabwino mpweya wabwino. Mitsuko yamadzi timagwiritsa ntchito tizigawo ting'onoting'ono kuchokera 3 mm mpaka 4 mm. Kwa yucca ya mkati, pali njira zingapo zomwe mungagwiritsire ntchito nthaka yabwino, wokongola maluwa akhoza kupanga mosavuta komanso wotsika mtengo.
Chinsinsi cha dothi chodzala yucca:
- Nthaka yotentha (magawo awiri), nthaka yofiira (mbali ziwiri), bwino perepred humus (gawo limodzi), miyala (magawo awiri).
- Dothi linathera m'sitolo (magawo awiri), gawo la magawo 4mm (gawo limodzi), lopangidwa ndi kompositi (gawo limodzi), gawo lochokera kokonati (gawo limodzi).
Yucca kunyumba - sankhani mphika
Chidebe cha chomera ichi ndi champhamvu komanso cholemera, chokhazikika ngati n'kotheka. Mitengo yayikulu ngati mitengo ya kanjedza yaing'ono, monga dracaena, yucca, areca, imafuna mphika wa zinthu zolimba komanso zowonongeka. Dothi labwino kapena dothi la pulasitiki ndi dzenje la madzi. Mu chidebe cha ceramic, dothi limauma mofananamo mofanana, kuvunda kwa mizu kuno kuli kocheperako. Pamene maluwa adagulidwa m'sitolo, timasankha chidebecho masentimita awiri kuposa kukula kwake.
Kodi tingafalitse bwanji yucca?
Zimakhala zovuta kuchepetsa maluwa ku Ulaya, m'dera lathulo mulibe mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya tizilombo timene timayambitsa mungu. Anthu obereketsa anapeza njira zingapo kuti apeze chitsamba chatsopano cha mtengo wamtengo wapatali wa kanjedza, chomwe chingakhale mosavuta kunyumba. Mudzafuna chomera champhamvu chomwe mungathe kutulutsa zitsime kapena ziwalo zina zamasamba kuti mubereke.
Njira zoberekera yucca:
- Kubalanso ndi ana azu. Kugwiritsira ntchito zigawo zochotsedwa ku chitsamba cha mayi. Mizu yomwe ili ndi dongosolo lokonzedwa amasankhidwa, zomwe zatsimikiziridwa kuti zizuke. Kwa yucca, kubereka mwanjira imeneyi ndi kophweka, kusamalira mbewu sikufuna khama.
- Kubala maluwa a njovu yucca ndi pamwamba pa kanjedza. Ngati mukufuna kukwaniritsa korona yam'mbali, mutha kuchotsa nsonga ya zomera mpaka 10 cm, mutasiya masamba. Mitengo ya maluwa imadetsedwa ndi makala, zouma, timayika m'madzi kapena mchenga wouma. Masamba oyendayenda amachotsedwa, madzi amasinthidwa, kuteteza mawonekedwe a mabakiteriya timawaika makala kumadzi. Pambuyo pooneka mizu yaying'ono, timayendetsa yucca pansi.
- Kubereka kwa yucca ndi chidutswa cha bared. Mapeto a tsinde amathirizidwa kwa masiku angapo mu mphukira yotsekemera, ndipo amabzala mu nthaka yozama masentimita asanu 5. Mchenga ukupitirirabe mpaka masambawo awonekera. Mukhoza kuyika maluwa aakulu a yucca mchenga, pang'onopang'ono ndikuwongolera mu gawo lapansi. Pamene zikumera, zimagawanika ndi mizu.
- Kubalanso mbewu za yucca. Bzalani mbeu zatsopano ndi zowonongeka tsiku limodzi ndi mchenga, dziko, turf (1: 1: 1). Sungani nthaka ndikuphimba chidebecho ndi galasi. Mbande zidzawoneka pansi pazikhala bwino mu mwezi.
Kodi mungasamalire bwanji Yucca kwanu?
Chikhalidwe chofunika pamene mukulima mitengo yowongoka pamsewu ndi chitetezo chodalirika mu miyezi yotentha kuchokera kumalo ozizira kwambiri. Kwa yucca wamkulu, chisamaliro cha chisanu chimakhala chophimba chomeracho ndi masamba kapena kansalu, kuziyika izo mu chidebe cha matabwa. Zisanayambe tikumanga masamba ndi chingwe, kuwasonkhanitsa onse bwino. Simungathe kuchedwa ndi kupezeka kwa yucca kumapeto kwa nyengo, kutentha kutatha, masamba amatha ndipo nkhungu imayamba.
Kodi mungasunge bwanji yucca?
Chomeracho chimakuuzani pamene mukufuna kuthirira. Pansi pa ubwino ndi chinyezi cha nthaka, masamba amawongoledwa, ndipo ulusi pa iwo ndi wopotoka. Mu chilala, masamba a xiphoid amayamba kupotoka mopweteka, ndipo ulusiwo umapachika momasuka. Maluwa a Yucca atachoka pakhomo, amamwe madzi ndi mpweya wotere kuti dothi mumphika limapitirira pafupifupi theka la chidebecho.
Kodi kudyetsa yucca?
Feteleza imayambitsidwa nyengo yonse yofunda mu masabata 3-4 kuyambira April mpaka August. Mu funso la momwe angasamalire yucca, mankhwala onse a maluwa, mitengo ya kanjedza ndi zomera zamankhwala - "Kemira" , "Agricola" , zina zoterezi zikukonzekera. Thandizo labwino la mullein, tsamba la humus, peat processing processing. N'zotheka kupanga mapepala apamwamba pamwamba pa tsamba pambuyo pa masabata awiri, motsatira ndondomeko zomwe zimagulidwa.
Kuwedzeredwa kwa Yukka kunyumba
Pankhaniyi, momwe mungayendetsere yucca mumsewu, nkofunika kuti musayatse chomera pansi pa dzuwa. Ayenera kugulidwa mmera wopangidwa ndi kuumitsa, tsiku lililonse timatulutsa dzuwa. Nthaŵi yobzala imasankhidwa kutentha kutentha kwa pafupifupi 20 ° C. Simungakhoze kubzala mbewu pafupi ndi zochitika za pansi pa nthaka. Pansi pa dzenje timakonza ngalande ya madzi kuchokera ku miyala ndi mchenga.
Kuika maluwa a yucca mumphika watsopano kumachitika zaka ziwiri zilizonse. Mphamvu ndi yayikulu ndi yosasunthika. Chomeracho ndi champhamvu, tsamba limakhala lolemetsa, choncho duwa limafuna kuthandizidwa bwino. Kuchuluka kwake kwa madzi okwanira ndi masentimita 7 (pafupifupi 1/3 ya dothi lonse). Kwa kulemera kwambiri sitigwiritsa ntchito dongo lochepetseka, koma miyala yojambulidwa kapena njerwa. Onetsetsani kuti muwonjezere magetsi pansi.
Kodi mungayese bwanji yucca kunyumba?
Ngati pali thunthu limodzi, timadula duwa lotambasula kumtunda uliwonse wosankhidwa. Ngati chomeracho chikakhala ndi mitengo iwiri, timadula mphukira ndi kusiyana kwa kutalika kwa 10-15 masentimita kotero kuti mutenge korona wokongola kwambiri ndipo masamba samasokonezana. Kwa maluwa a yucca, chisamaliro pa nthawiyi ndi kuchepetsa ulimi wothirira nthaka isanaume. Fukani thunthu ndi imvi kapena makala.
Matenda a yucca
Zomwe zimayambitsa matenda ambiri a maluwa ndi kuthirira kwambiri ndi hypothermia ya mizu. Kukula kwa bowa sikulepheretsedwe ndi kukonza bwino kwa mbeu ndi kubzala kwa nthaka mu nthaka yowala, nthawi zonse kumasulidwa kwa dziko lapansi. Kuchokera kuchipatala mtengo wa yucca ukhoza kuchiritsidwa ndi fungicides - "Previcurus", "Phytosporin". Timatsatila nthaka, mphamvu ya acidity kapena mchere imatsogolera ku imfa ya chitsamba.
Ngati pali zizindikiro za matenda (kugwedeza ndi kuphulika kwa masamba), thunthu imachotsedwa pansi, rootlets zowola zimadulidwa, chomeracho chimayambira mu fungicides ("Maxim"). Kusiya masamba kuchokera ku kuyatsa kosauka, kotero muyenera kusuntha yucca pafupi ndiwindo kapena kusintha. Kutulutsa masamba ndi chubu kumachitika m'chilimwe kuchokera kutentha kapena pamene ukukula maluwa pafupi ndi batri.