Pamene zizindikirozi kapena zina zimakhala zovuta, sizikudziwikiratu kuti adokotala azilembetsa chiani, popeza pali akatswiri ambiri omwe ali ndi chidwi chochepa. Tiyeni tipitirire mwatsatanetsatane pa mtundu wa mawonetseredwe omwe otolaryngologist angathandizire, yemwe ali, zomwe amachita, ndi momwe katswiri uyu akuchitira phwando.
Otolaryngologist - ndani ndi zomwe zimachitika?
Ponena za otolaryngologist wotere ndi kuti amachiritsa, ambiri amaphunzira kuyambira ali mwana, pamene atumizidwa kwa dokotala chifukwa cha matenda pambuyo pa matenda opuma. Dokotala uyu amadziwika kwambiri pa matenda a ziwalo zitatu zazikulu: makutu, mmero ndi mphuno. Kuphatikiza apo, otolaryngologist akugwira ntchito yofufuzidwa ndi kuchiritsidwa kwa ziwalo zapafupi, sikuti amatsekemera patokha, koma amakhalanso okhudzana kwambiri ndi thupi: matoni, adnexal sinuses, trachea, ziwalo za mimba za chiberekero.
Otolaryngologist ndi ENT kapena ayi?
Poganizira kuti otolaryngologist ndi dokotala, tiyenera kutchula nthawi imodzi - ENT. Ichi ndi chidule cha otolaryngologists, ndipo chiyambi cha chidulecho chimachokera ku makalata oyambirira a mizu ya mawu achigiriki akale omwe amasonyeza kuti adokotala akudziwika bwino: "laryng" - mmero, "kuchokera" - khutu, "bhino" - mphuno. ENT madokotala amadziwa za matenda omwe amapezeka pamutu ndi pamutu, amadziwika bwino ndi matupi, thupi, kapangidwe kake.
Kodi chithandizo cha otolaryngologist ndi chiyani?
Tiyeni tione zomwe otolaryngologist amachitira, ndi matenda ati omwe ali pa gawo la ntchito yake:
- ziwalo za kumva:
- kutukusira kwa kunja, pakati, mkati mwa khutu;
- eustachiitis;
- mastoiditis;
- Matenda a Miniera;
- otomycosis;
- neuritis ya mitsempha yolondola;
- kusokonezeka kwa ngalande ya khutu ndi pulasitiki;
- otosclerosis;
- kumvetsera;
- barotrauma;
- matenda a minofu ndi machimo a paranasal:
- rhinitis;
- kupindika kwa nsalu yamphongo;
- sinusitis;
- aerosynexitis;
- ozena;
- mapuloteni a mphuno;
- magazi;
- hematoma wa septum yamphongo;
- matenda a mmero:
- angina;
- matayillitis aakulu;
- kupweteka;
- pharyngitis;
- paratonzillar ndi okolohlotocnye abscess;
- laryngospasm;
- chithandizo;
- mapilumasi mumphete, pa zingwe za mawu;
- polyposis ndi ena.
Kuonjezera apo, dokotala wa ENT amachokera kumtunda wapamwamba wopuma, mazenera komanso njira yowongoka. Komanso pamaluso a madotolowa ndi zowonongeka ndi zochitika zowonongeka za amayi apakati, ophunzira, ogwira ntchito malonda osiyanasiyana. Chithandizo cha opaleshoni chikuchitidwa ndi dokotala wa opaleshoni-otolaryngologist, ndipo a oncologist-otolaryngologist amachita ndi matenda a oncologic.
Ntchito za otolaryngologist
Ntchito zazikulu za otolaryngologist ogwira ntchito polyclinic ndiyo kupereka chithandizo, chithandizo, ndi uphungu kwa odwala. Pozindikira kuti pathologies, dokotala ayenera nthawi yake kuchita zochiritsira ndi opaleshoni, kupereka chithandizo chadzidzidzi, ndi kutumiza odwala kupita kuchipatala. Zochita zonse za katswiri ziyenera kutsata malangizo a akuluakulu azaumoyo.
Kodi mungakumane ndi otolaryngologist?
Aliyense amene amasamala za thanzi lake ayenera kudziwa zomwe otolaryngologist amachitira, yemwe ali. Ndibwino kuti muzifufuza nthawi zonse ndi dokotalayo kuti muzindikire zosokoneza nthawi. Kufulumira kupita ku phwando ayenera kukhala pamene pali zizindikiro zosonyeza matenda a ENT:
- mphuno yamphongo yayitali ndi zowonongeka;
- kupweteka pamphumi, mphuno ndi kumbali zake;
- kupuma kwapuma kwa nthawi yaitali;
- kusakhala kununkhiza;
- vuto lakumva;
- ululu, phokoso, kapena kumalira m'makutu ;
- khosi lalikulu, limodzi ndi malungo;
- kusokonezeka pammero pamene akutafuna, kumeza, kulankhula;
- kumverera kwa chinthu chachilendo ku khola lamphuno .
Kodi otolaryngologist amatani?
Kudziwa kuti ndi madokotala ati ali otolaryngologist ndi osavuta, ndipo izi n'zotheka chifukwa chakuti madokotala a apaderawa amavala chipangizo chapadera pamitu yawo - chowonetsera chakutsogolo. Ndilo lozungulira la concave ndi galasi ndi dzenje pakati, zomwe zimakulolani kutsogolera dothi lowala ku malo ophunzirira. Kuwonjezera apo, pofufuza odwala dokotala otolaryngologist amagwiritsa ntchito zipangizozi ndi zida:
- Spatula - pofufuza za pharynx;
- Galasi lachidziwitso - kufufuza ndime zamkati;
- Otoscope - pofuna kukayezetsa khutu;
- galasi lopangira kachidutswa kakang'ono kameneka, kamene kakhoza kuwona madera osokoneza bongo ndi zipangizo zakumbuyo za mphuno;
- audiometer - chida chothandizira kuzindikira kuopsa kwa kumva;
- Endoscope - chida chofufuza bwino kwambiri zigawo zakuya za khutu, mphuno, sera.
Kulandira otolaryngologist kumayamba ndi kuyankhulana kwa odwala, kufotokoza kwa madandaulo. Ngati palibe chomwe chimachitika, kufufuza kwa malemba ndi mazenera, mmero, mmero, kupweteka kwa maselo amphongo kumachitika nthawi zambiri. Ngati zizindikiro zowonongeka zilipo ndipo kafukufukuyo akuwonetsa zolakwika, pangakhale zofunikira zowonjezera:
- X-ray;
- makanema a maginito kapena maginito;
- baknanaliz smear kummero , mphuno, khutu;
- kusanthula magazi ndi ena.
Kodi Dokotala wa ENT ayang'ana chiyani?
Dokotala wa ENT ndi katswiri yemwe kafukufuku wamakono amachitika m'zinthu zingapo:
- Kuyesa mmero ndi mapiritsi - chifukwa cha ichi wodwalayo ayenera kutsegula pakamwa pake, atatulutsa lilime lake ndi kutulutsa phokoso "a", ndipo adokotala amafufuza mucosa, kukhalapo kwa chipika ndi kutupa.
- Kuyendera ndime za m'mphuno - kumagwiritsidwa ntchito pogwiritsa ntchito kalirole kakang'ono kamene kamatuluka m'mphuno, kukula kwa mazenera, chikhalidwe cha septum, kusintha kwakukulu ndi kusintha kwa thupi kumatululidwa.
- Kuyezetsa khutu - dokotala wa ENT amalowa m'dothi mwa kulowa m'ndondomeko ya otoscope, amatsindikiza tragus, amayesa kumva ndi mawu kapena kugwiritsa ntchito zipangizo.
Malangizo a otolaryngologist
Malangizo otsatirawa a ENT amathandiza kukhala ndi thanzi la ENT ziwalo, kupeĊµa matenda pa chimfine ndi kuwonjezeka kwa matenda:
- Kuti mukhale ndi chitetezo cha mucous nembanemba, muyenera kuyang'ana chinyezi mu chipinda, chomwe sichiyenera kukhala pansi pa 45%.
- M'nyengo yozizira ndikofunika kuteteza makutu ndi mmero mwa mphepo ndi chisanu, kuvala chipewa ndi nsalu.
- Kuda chisanu, sikoyenera kuti tiyankhule kunja, kuti tipeze mpweya kudzera pakamwa.
- Khalani kutali ndi anthu okhala ndi zizindikiro za matenda.
- Pofuna kupewa chovulaza ndi kukankhira sulufule mumng'oma, simungagwiritse ntchito mapuloteni, ndikutsuka pakhomo la makutu pambuyo pa kuwunikira, pogwiritsa ntchito nsalu.
- Kuti muchepetse chiopsezo chakumva, muyenera kusiya kugwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zamagetsi zowonongeka, ndipo pamutu wamakono muyenera kuwerengera mphamvu zosapitirira 60 peresenti.
- Pazizindikiro zoyambirira zomwe zimalimbikitsidwa kukambitsirana kwa dokotala, mmalo mochita nawo ntchito yowonongeka.