Amaluwa ambiri akudabwa momwe angakhalire nkhuku payekha. Chomera chimachokera ku South America, koma nyengo ya pakati pa Ulaya ndi yoyenera kulima nyemba zowona. Kuti mupeze mbewu, m'pofunika kugula mbeu ndi kuphunzira njira zaulimi.
Nkhuta - kubzala ndikukula kunyumba
Mitengo yachitsulo ndi chaka chimodzi chomwe chimabzalidwa chaka chilichonse. Amaonedwa kuti ndi banja la nyemba, ali ndi kukoma kwa mtedza weniweni. Zipatso zake zimapanga khungu pa zidutswa zingapo, kukula pansi. Maluwa otsika a mungu wofikira pamtunda ndikuyamba kugwa mwamsanga, kenako chiyambi cha zokolola chimayambira. Kwa nthiwatiwa, njira yosavuta yowonjezera miphika yamba, yomwe ili pakhomo pawindo, imakhalanso yoyenera. Mukungofunikira kuziyika pansi, perekani kuwala kokwanira, chitetezeni ku ma drafts.
Kodi mungabzala bwanji mandimu kunyumba?
Musanabzala nthanga kunyumba, muyenera kukonza chidebe chachikulu (30-40 masentimita), kuti kenako mphukira zake zisamangidwe pamphepete mwa mphika. Nthaŵi yabwino yofesa ndi pakati pa April. Malamulo oyendetsa:
- Mbeu ndi bwino kugula m'masitolo apadera, usiku amathira madzi, kuwonjezera dontho la Epin . Mmawa, mtedza umatsegulidwa ndipo msana ukuwonetsedwa;
- gawo lapansi limakonzedwa kuchokera ku humus ndi mchenga, kutengedwa mmalo omwewo;
- Mbeu zazomera bwino pamapiritsi a peat (njirayi idzafuna kupitanso patsogolo) kapena nthawi yomweyo ku malo osatha;
- chidebecho chimadzazidwa ndi gawo lapansi lonyowa;
- Mbeu yamera imabzalidwa pakati mpaka kuya 2-2.5 cm;
- Kuti apange tizilombo towoneka bwino, mphika umaphimbidwa ndi cellophane ndikuikidwa pamalo otentha;
- kuti kumera, hotbed ndi nthawi zonse mpweya wokwanira.
Kusamalira namsongole kunyumba
Kuti pakhale chitukuko chabwino cha chomeracho, pakufunika kuyang'anitsitsa zipangizo zamagetsi pofuna kulima nthanga. Mmene mungamere mphukira kunyumba mu mphika:
- Kuthirira. Sungani nyemba nthawi zonse, pewani mbola ya coma.
- Kupopera mbewu. Patsiku lotentha mphukira imatsitsimidwa ndi madzi kutentha m'mawa ndi madzulo.
- Kutentha kwa boma. Zokwanira - + 20-27 ° С, zinthu pansipa + 15 ° С ndi pamwamba + 30 ° С kuwononga zipatso.
- Hilling. Anapangidwa kumapeto kwa July mpaka kutalika kwa masentimita atatu, kenaka kenaka mu August pa 1.5-2 masentimita.
Pamene kutalika kufika 20 cm, zomera zimamasula (pa tsiku 40-45). M'malo mwa makungwa a lalanje penyani mazira a mazira, omwe umakhala pansi pamtunda. Zipatso zimapangidwa pa kuya kwa 8-10 masentimita. Masamba ofiira amakhala chizindikiro cha kukolola. Chomeracho chimachotsedwa pa dziko lapansi, choikidwa kunja kwa dzuwa kuti chiwume. Pambuyo masiku 10-12, mtedza udzayamba kupatukana bwino ndi chipolopolocho. Chitsamba chilichonse chimapereka ma nyemba makumi asanu ndi atatu m'mitengo.
Kodi mungakonde bwanji mitengo yamaluwa m'munda?
Musanayambe kumanga zitsamba poyera, nkofunika kudziwidziwa ndi zina mwa zomwe zimalima. Kubzala mtedza kusankha lotseguka malo abwino mpweya wabwino ndi kuwala kowala. Okonzeratu abwino ndi mbatata, nkhaka, kabichi. Pambuyo pa nyemba zimakula bwino zokolola. Nthaka imakhala yosalala, yopanda madzi, yosalowerera ndale. Nthanga zimakula pakubzala ndi kukonzekera panja pa kutentha kwa 20 ° C. Pamene chicheperachepera, chomera chitukuka chimasiya, pazomweku ndibwino kuti tiwonetse chikhalidwe ndi filimuyo.
Momwe mungabzalidwe mbande za nthikidzi mu dziko?
Mbewu zimayambidwa mochedwa kumapeto kwa April (zikhoza kuikidwa mu njira yothetsera potassium permanganate kwa mphindi 30), pambuyo pa masiku 10 zikuwonekera pa iwo. Ndiye nyemba zimayikidwa pamalo otseguka. Pambuyo kumera, nyemba zimakula mofulumira. Njirayi idzateteza nyemba ku chimbalangondo, chomwe nthawi zambiri chimadya mbeu pansi. Ndi bwino kusankha nambala yambiri yobzala, zipatso zazing'ono sizikwera konse. Mmene mungamere mitengo yamaluwa m'munda:
- Kufika kumachitika mu fossa wa 10 cm kuya ndi mtunda wa masentimita 50 pakati pa zitsanzo. Zitha kubzalidwa m'mizere ndi mtunda wa masentimita 30 kapena chess njira;
- Kukula mphukira ndi kotheka ndi kubzala 60х60 kapena 70х70 cm;
- Nthaka iyenera kukhala yosasunthika ndi yofiira, monga chikhalidwe chimakonda dziko lofewa;
- Pofuna kubzala nyemba zimagwiritsidwa ntchito, zotsalira za masamba zikhoza kuponyedwanso mumenje - zidzathandiza kuti fetereza ikhale ndi mizu;
- Mbeu zitatu zimayikidwa pa fossa iliyonse, chifukwa ofooka sangathe kukwera;
- Atatha kutseka, bedi limamwetsedwa ndi mphamvu yochepa, kuti asasambe pamwamba pa nthaka;
- Mbande imakula pamwezi umodzi kufika pamtunda wa 25-75 masentimita.
Nthawi yolima nyemba
Popeza nthanga zimatha kukula pokhapokha kumadera otentha, kufesa kumachitika pambuyo pa kutentha kwa nthaka kwa 15 ° C. Izi zimachitika pakati pa mwezi wa May mutatha kusungunuka mavwende. Mphepo zimayambitsa nthanga, kotero musanayambe kubzala mitengo yam'tchire m'dzikoli, muyenera kuyembekezera nyengo yozizira. Mukhoza kuyika nyemba m'magalasi 3-4 masentimita awiri m'mwezi wa April, kuvala zenera zowonongeka. Kenaka mbande zimasunthira kumalo otseguka kumayambiriro kwa June.
Kusamalira zitsamba pamalo otseguka
Nkhumba za m'mphepete mwa nthaka, mukakhala panja, zimafunika kusamalidwa - zimakhala kuthirira, kudyetsa, kuwononga tizilombo. Mphukira yaing'ono imayenera kutetezedwa ku namsongole. Mzere woweta umaphatikizapo kumasulidwa kwa nthaka itatha. Pambuyo pa masamba a mmerawo mutembenuka chikasu, ndipo mbewu zimayamba kuchotsedwa mosavuta ku nyemba, nthawi yokolola imayambira (theka lachiwiri la September). Poyamba tchire zimafukula, zimalola kuti zipatso ziume. Mbewuyo imakololedwa pamsana wa nyemba zosasungunuka m'matumba a minofu m'chipinda chouma pa 8-10 ° C. Kuchokera ku chitsamba chimodzi kumasonkhana mpaka 0,5 makilogalamu a mtedza.
Mbali za kumera msipu pamalo otseguka
Nkhumba imakhala ndi chidwi - imamasula tsiku limodzi. Nthawi zina izi zimachitika pafupifupi alimi amakolo. Kumayambiriro kwa June maluwa amakula, ndipo madzulo ayamba kale - panthawiyi amatha kuyendetsa mungu. Pambuyo pa miyezi 1.5-2 mutatha maluwa, thumba losunga mazira limatsikira kunthaka, limakula mpaka pansi, pomwe mapangidwe a chikhalidwe adzakwaniritsidwa.
Kukula maluwa m'munda kumaphatikizidwa ndi kuvomereza hilling. Patapita masiku 10 maluwawo, mazira ambiri amawazidwa ndi yonyowa pokonza, lotayirira dothi la 5-7 masentimita (monga mbatata), kotero kuti zakudya zamchere zimadzera cotyledon. Kawirikawiri, kukula kwa nthanga kumathandiza mapiri ena awiri ndi kupumula kwa masiku khumi, pomwe tsinde la mbewu limayambidwa pang'onopang'ono. Njirayi ikulimbikitsidwa pambuyo kuthirira kapena mvula.
Zomwe zimakhalira kumera nyemba - dothi
Ndikofunika kuti wamaluwa azidziwa kumene kulima mbewu. Malowa ayenera kutseguka popanda chithunzi cha minga, nyumba, mitengo. Kuyambula kwa nthanga kumafuna chonyowa, kuwala, ndi kuchuluka kwa humus, calcium ndi magnesium - chernozem kapena mchenga loam. Dothi lamchere silingalekerere chikhalidwe, ndipo asidi ayenera kukhala limed musanadzalemo. Musanayambe kumanga zitsamba, malowa akukonzekera: m'dzinja kukumba mpaka masentimita 30 mu nthaka kuwonjezera 1-3 makilogalamu a humus ku 1 mamita awiri a deralo. Mu kasupe, malo oti mubzala adzakhalenso osasunthika ndi kuwonjezera kwa m 2 mpaka 50 magalamu a nitrophosphate .
Momwe mungamere mitengo yamankhwala molondola - zomwe zimakhala kuthirira
Nkhumba yamtundu imakonda mvula, osati nthaka yonyowa. Kuthira mowa kwambiri kungawononge ku chipatso. Momwe mungamerere ndowe yadothi m'dziko - ulimi wothirira:
- Gwiritsani ntchito nyemba ngati mbeu yapamwamba imatha - kamodzi pa tsiku;
- pa maluwa, maluwawo amamwe madzi ambiri - m'mawa kamodzi kapena kawiri pa sabata;
- Madzi a njirayi sayenera kukhala ozizira - ayenera kutenthetsa pang'ono dzuwa;
- Pambuyo pokonza ovary mmalo modiririra, ndi bwino kupopera tsiku lililonse madzulo;
- Pambuyo poyambitsa nthaka nthaka imamasulidwa kuti ipindule ndi mpweya;
- Ngati m'deralo muli mvula yamba, kuthirira kungatheke;
- mwezi umodzi usanakolole, kuthira kwaimitsa. Ngati chomeracho chimawathiridwa mwamphamvu mu September, zipatso zidzatha nthawi yaitali.
Kulima nyemba - kuvala pamwamba
Nkhumba yamtundu imadyetsedwa kawiri pa nyengo. Manyowa ndi abwino kuti akule ndi kubereka. Chomeracho chimakhudza potassium ndi phosphorous. Mmene mungamere mpunga m'dziko - feteleza:
- mapangidwe oyambirira amapangidwa pambuyo pa masamba khumi kufika pamtunda - chitsamba chimadya 20 g wa ammonium nitrate, 45 g wa potaziyamu mchere, 70 g wa superphosphate pa 10 malita a madzi;
- nthawi yachiwiri kuti feteleza imabwerezedwa pa siteji ya fruiting.
Mmene mungamerere nthanga - matenda ndi tizilombo toononga?
Mofanana ndi nyemba zonse, mtedza umakhudzidwa ndi matenda ndipo umayambidwa ndi tizirombo. Mmene mungamere mtedza wa nkhanu mu dacha - kumenyana ndi majeremusi:
- Nkhuta zimakhumudwitsidwa ndi nsabwe za m'masamba, mbozi. Amayambitsa masamba, amasokoneza maluwa. Kuchotsa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda n'kotheka, pokhala ndi phulusa ndi phulusa kapena fumbi la fodya.
- Kuchokera ku thrips, zomera zimapangidwa ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda .
- Ndizoopsa, ngati mtedza uyamba kudya masamba a mphutsi - amakhala pansi ndikudya zipatso ngakhale mu peel. Chifukwa cha kuwonongedwa kwawo, timene timatchera timene timapanga timadzi ta tizilombo tating'ono, beets kapena kaloti. Zitsime zili ndi matabwa, zitsulo, ndipo pakapita kanthawi mphutsi zikukwawa zikukwawa.
- Ngakhale m'munda wamphesa, zimalimbikitsa kukhazikitsa scarecrow kuopseza mbalame, zomwe zingasokoneze zipatso zonse.
Mmene mungakulitsire njere zapamwamba - matenda:
- Powdery mildew. Matendawa amawoneka ngati madontho kumbali zonse za masamba. Ndi kugonjetsedwa kwa fungicides - Topaz, Bravo, Quadrice.
- Phallosticosis kapena tsamba la tsamba. Amadziwika ndi zofiira zofiira mpaka 6 mm m'mimba mwake, zomwe zikuyenda bwino ndi chinyezi. Mankhwala ophera tizilombo tosiyanasiyana amawathandiza polimbana ndi matendawa.
- Grey kuvunda. Zikuwonekera pambuyo pa maluwa ngati mawonekedwe a dzimbiri, kudutsa masamba kupita ku zimayambira. Zitsamba zomwe zimakhudzidwa sizimapsa zipatso. Kukula chitsamba chabwino kumathandizira kusunga luso la zaulimi, kukula kwa chikhalidwe, kusinthasintha mbewu, kubwezeretsa nthawi yake.