Maluwa amenewa ali ndi mayina ambiri - "Wanyowa", "Ogonek", "Asterisk". Mafuta a m'nyumbamo ndi malo osungiramo nyumba omwe amayamba kuyendera florists komanso anthu omwe sadziwa kusamalira zomera. Iye ndi wodzichepetsa, safuna khama lalikulu, maluŵa ake okondwa amatha kukongoletsa mkati mwa chaka chonse.
Chipinda chamaluwa basamu - mitundu
Zimayambira kuthengo zimakhala zowutsa, zowonjezera, kutalika kwake zimasiyanasiyana ndi 15 cm mpaka 50 cm. Masamba - wobiriwira, wofiira kapena wamkuwa, minofu, wavu pamphepete. Pamakhala chinyezi, mame akugwa pamapeto pake, omwe chipinda cha balsam chipinda chotchedwa "Vanka chimbudzi". Corollas "kuwala" kowala, komwe kumaikidwa m'masamba a masamba, pali zofiira, pinki, zofiirira, lalanje, masamba ofiira, komanso ndi mikwingwirima kapena madontho. Sayansi yosankhidwa inachititsa kuti zitheke kupeza mitundu yambiri yosiyana ndi liwu, kutalika kwake ndi m'mimba mwake, mtundu wa masamba.
Kubzala - Balsamu ya Waller
Ndi yosatha, imapangidwanso mosavuta. Mtundu wotchuka kwambiri wa "Vanka Wet" - zomera zamkati za Waller Waller (Waller). Zili ndi mawonekedwe okwera masentimita 15-20, ma yowutsa mudyo wandiweyani zimayambira kwambiri - zimakhazikika kapena zimangoyenda molingana ndi mndandanda. Mbalame zazikulu zazikulu zimayikidwa pamapeto a nthambi. Mitundu yosiyanasiyana - yunifolomu kapena ya bicolour yokhala ndi mitundu yosiyana - maso mkati, ndi edgings, ngakhale ndi nsalu yopanda nsalu ya phala, imachokera.
Balsam mkati - terry
Mitundu yotereyi ili ndi corollas yokongola kwambiri, koma yopangidwa ndi chikasu ndi buluu. Malo a maluwa a terry a basamu ali ndi mtundu wodabwitsa wa corolla ndi mabala angapo, omwe ali m'magawo angapo. Zomwezo ndizofanana ndi maluwa, koma osachepera m'mimba mwake. Maluwa a Terry amawoneka okongola kwambiri poyerekezera ndi zosavuta kugona. Zosakaniza zimenezi ziri mu mitundu yambiri ya "kuwala" - mwachitsanzo, m'munda kapena mndandanda wa Waller.
Balsam ya New Guinea
Kusiyana kwa zosiyanazi ndi zina zimakhala phesi lamphamvu, maluwa okongola, zomera zimakhala ndi chitsamba choyera, koma chimakula kwambiri kuposa Waller. Mabala a basamu a New Guinean ndi aakulu, ophatikizika pang'ono, otalikirana, otalika, masentimita 10 m'litali ndi masentimita asanu.Mabalawo amatchula mitsempha, mtundu wawo umasiyana ndi mtundu wobiriwira-burgundy kupita ku emerald, nthawizina iwo ali ndi chigoba chofiira.
Maluwa aakulu, asanu-petalled, 5-8 masentimita awiri, osakwatira kapena osonkhana m'magulu ang'onoang'ono. Mafuta a basamu a ku New Guinea, kusamalira kunyumba kumafuna pulayimale. Chikhalidwe chosadzichepetsa ndi cholimbikira, mosamala, chimakondwera ndi maluwa ochulukirapo chaka chonse. Ili ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana - pinki, yoyera, salimoni, yofiira, rasipiberi.
Balsam ya ku Brazil - zinyumba zamkati
Maluwa awa ali ndi mayina ambiri - diplaposition, Mandevilla, rose la Bolivia, jasmine wachi Chile. Ndipotu, chomera ichi n'chokwanira (kutalika kwa mamita imodzi ndi theka) liana yobiriwira yomwe ili ndi masamba obiriwira. Amaphuka kwambiri ndi zonunkhira zamakono 10-15 masentimita awiri ndi petali zisanu za mawonekedwe ozolowereka. Mtundu wawo umadalira mtundu wa mitundu yosiyanasiyana, yoyera, pinki, yamoto wofiira. Kawirikawiri mitundu yamitundu iŵiri imakumanapo.
Maluwa a chipinda cha balsamu cha Brazil amabzalidwa m'miphika yaing'ono, yomwe ili ndi zothandizira kwambiri, pomwe liana imayendayenda kudutsa pamtunda. Zoyesayesa zonse kuti zimere chomera monga pakhomo sizinapangidwe korona bwino. Zomera zake zimapezeka kuyambira mwezi wa April kufika pa September, ndiye liana imagwera nthawi yochepa chifukwa cha kuchepetsedwa kwa maola masana.
Zosangalatsa zamkati - kusamala
Chikhalidwe chodabwitsachi chikukula bwino ndipo chimapereka maluwa ochulukirapo pamalo aliwonse owala a nyumbayo, imafunika kuti ikhale yofiira ku dzuwa. "Wet Wanka" - maluwa opanda ulemu amkati, kusamalira ndi kusungira poto pang'ono, kupereka madzi okwanira ndi kuwala kwabwino (ndipo kungakhale yopanga). The optimum kutentha kwa chomera ndi 16-22 ° C. Zisonyezo zachitsamba zosamalidwa bwino mwa kusiya masamba. Pansi yoyenera mikhalidwe, m'nyumba balsamu limamasula kuchokera kasupe kuti chisanu. M'nyengo yozizira, akapuma pang'ono, amasangalatsanso ndi masamba.
Dothi la basamu la mkati
Kuti chomera chokwanira chikhale chofunikira chophika pang'ono (ndi kukula kwa mizu) ndi gawo laling'ono. Malo a balsams ndi osalemekezeka pansi, amakula bwino, osakaniza bwino. Koma ngati atapangidwa ndi mchere, ammonium sulphate ndi ammonium nitrate , izi zidzakuliritsani kuwonjezereka kwa zomera ndi pang'ono. Nthawi zina masamba sangawonekere.
Mankhwala osakaniza ofunika ndi oyenera kubzala: magawo awiri a nkhuni, tsamba la nthaka, humus, mchenga ndi peat imodzi. Maluwa a basamu ndi chisamaliro cha chipinda ayenera kudyetsedwa kuchokera kumayambiriro a kasupe mpaka autumn. Zimapangidwa mothandizidwa ndi feteleza kuti zikhale maluwa pakatha masabata awiri. Zotsatira za kudya zidzachuluka, amadyera amadyera ndi maluwa. Kuchokera kumapeto kwa August mpaka February, chiwerengero cha mitsempha ya fetereza imachepetsedwa kukhala imodzi pamwezi. Chaka chilichonse, zomera zimaikidwa mu nthaka yatsopano, kuti asataye kukongoletsa kwawo. M'dziko latsopano, chitsamba sichidyetsedwa kwa masabata atatu.
Chipinda chamaluwa balsamu - malamulo a kutsirira
Chomera chimakonda madzi ambiri. Ali ndi mchere wokondeka kwambiri, wosakhala ndi madzi okwanira, maluwawo amatha kutayika ndipo amatulutsa masamba ochepa. Kodi mungasamalire bwanji chomera cha basamu?
- madzi ayenera kukhala ofewa, osatha;
- ngati nyemba yoyera ya calcareous inkaonekera pamwamba pa nthaka, nthakayo inakhala yamchere chifukwa cha madzi ovuta - ndikofunikira kuti titha kutenga gawo la gawolo;
- kuthirira kumaphatikiza pamphepete mwa mphika, kupewa kupezeka kwa madzi pamutu wa balsamu;
- M'chilimwe chomeracho chimakonzedwa tsiku lililonse, m'nyengo yozizira - kawiri pa sabata;
- kuyanika kwa nthaka yovuta kwa mbewu chotero sikuvomerezeka;
- Kuyenda kwa nthawi yaitali kwa madzi mu poto sikungaloledwe - kumayenera kuchotsedwa;
- Nthaka iyenera kukhala yonyowa, osati yonyowa;
- Balsamu imakonda kupopera mbewu tsiku ndi tsiku, makamaka ngati kutentha mu chipinda chiri pamwamba pa 20 ° C;
- Ndibwino kumasula nthaka kuti ikhale masentimita 1, pamene kulibwino "kupuma" mizu ya chitsamba.
Kodi mungapeze bwanji zotchinga?
Kwa zimayambira za mbeu sizingapitirire, pamwamba pake akulimbikitsidwa kuti zizitsine. Kudulira balsamu kumapangidwa bwino kumapeto kwa nyengo, kenako kumasula mphukira zowonongeka ndikukhala maluwa okongola. Kodi mungasamalire bwanji "Vanka"
- Choyamba muzidula nthambi zowonongeka, zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kubzala;
- pamwamba pa mutu ndi malekezero a duwa zimayambira kutsitsa chitsamba kunja ndi chokwera;
- Ndondomekoyi iyenera kuchitidwa m'magulu angapo, kuti asawononge balsamu;
- Panthawi yocheka, kuthirira "moto" kumawonjezereka, mukhoza kuziyika mu nthaka yatsopano.
Madzi Wanka - Matenda ndi Chithandizo
Balsamu yamakono imayambitsidwa ndi majeremusi, nthawizina pamakhala mavuto ndi chisamaliro chosayenera. "Vanki ndi yonyowa" - duwa ndi matenda ake:
- Whitefly ndi akangaude ndiwo tizirombo tambiri ta basamu. Maonekedwe awo amayamba kusamalidwa bwino: kuyanika, kutentha, kusowa kwa mpweya wabwino. Kuchotsa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda kumapangitsa kuti chikhalidwe cha maluwa chikhale chokhazikika. Ndi zilonda zambiri, chitsamba chimapulitsidwa ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda;
- Bacteriosis ikuwonetsedwa ndi mawanga wakuda pa masamba. Akufunika chithandizo ndi kukonzekera kwakapadera monga "Alirin";
- Chifukwa cha matenda a fungal ndi kuthirira kwambiri mafuta a basamu. Chotsani nkhungu ndi bowa kuziika mu chidebe chatsopano ndi gawo latsopano ndi ngalande zamakono , m'tsogolomu muyenera kusunga kaye kayendedwe kabwino ka madzi;
- Grey kuvunda pamwamba pa nthaka. Pamene zikuwonekera, gawo lakumwamba la dziko liyenera kuchotsedwa ndikuchotsedwa ndi latsopano;
- Kawirikawiri mankhwalawa amayamba kutembenukira chikasu, kupotoka ndi masamba. Ichi ndi chifukwa cha kusowa kwa kutentha, kuwala, malo mumphika. Ndikofunika kuthetsa zofooka za kusamalidwa ndi kuika chomera ku vase lalikulu;
- Chifukwa cha kusowa kwa kuwala, kugwiritsa ntchito mphika wochuluka kwambiri, kupitirira kwakukulu kwa feteleza zosakanizidwa, basamu akhoza kutha. Nkofunikira kubwezeretsa chombocho pamalo owala kwambiri, kuika chomera mu chombo choyenera ndikugwiritsanso ntchito kudyetsa (potaziyamu ndi phosphorous).
Kodi mungabweretse bwanji Vanka?
Aliyense amene amakondana ndi basamu, kamodzi adzafuna kuti ayambepo pang'ono. Mmene mungachulukire chipinda cha balsamu:
- timadula;
- mbewu.
Mbewu zonsezi zimalandira bwino ndipo nyengo ikayamba kukula maluwa. Cuttings bwino bwino mizu mizu m'madzi. Mbewu imachulukira molimbika kwambiri. Amapangidwa pambuyo pa maluwa ndipo amaikidwa mu makapisozi owuma. Chifukwa cha ichi, padali dzina lina la basamu la chipinda - "lovutikira". Chitsamba chodzala kuchokera ku maluwa pambuyo pa miyezi 3-4, ndipo nthawi zonse mumakhala ndi zomera za mitundu yonse ya mitundu.
Balsamu ya mkati - ikukula kuchokera ku mbewu
Nkhumba zikhoza kubzalidwa chaka chonse. Mwachitsanzo, ngati muwabzala mu January, ndiye kuti adzaphuka mu May. Balsamin - kukula kwa mbewu ndi kusamalira mbande:
- Musanabzala, mbewu zimalowetsedwa mu yankho la manganese kwa mphindi 10;
- Bzalani iwo m'nthaka, okonzeka kuchokera ku chisakanizo cha gawo limodzi la perlite ndi peat awiri;
- Mbeu ya basamuamu imabzalidwa pa kuya kwa masentimita 7, mutatha nthaka yothira ndipo chotengera chimadzazidwa ndi cellophane, kotero kuti boma la kutentha ndi 20-25 ° C;
- Mbeu imayamba kuwuka masiku 8-10 mutabzala;
- Pa kulima, gawo loyenera siliyenera kugwedezeka, nthawi zonse mbewu zimakhala mpweya wokwanira;
- Pambuyo pa kutalika kwa mphukira kufika pa 1.5-2 masentimita, amafunika kuti asungidwe;
- Kugawira mbande pazitsulo zosiyana ndikofunika, ngati mbande idzawonekera ngakhale pa tsamba limodzi lenileni.
Mphepete yamadzimadzi - kufalitsa kwa cuttings
Kawirikawiri, balsamu yamkati imakula mothandizidwa ndi zidutswa za zimayambira. Njira imeneyi ndi yabwino makamaka kwa mitundu ya terry, yomwe imathandiza kuti peresenti ikhale yosunga mitundu yonse ya zamoyo. Monga "Vanka yamadzi" imafalitsidwa ndi cuttings:
- m'nyengo ya masika ndi chilimwe, kudula kumapeto kwa nsonga 5-7 masentimita ndi awiri kapena atatu internodes, masamba onse apansi angathe kuchotsedwa;
- Phesi imayikidwa m'madzi ndikudikirira maonekedwe a rootlets;
- Mbali yopangira kubzala iyenera kukhala ndi gawo limodzi la peat ndi awiri - perlite;
- Mizu ya cuttings ikuwonekera msanga, mphukira zabzala miphika ndi nthaka, zikhoza kuphimbidwa ndi cellophane;
- Pambuyo pa masabata awiri, masamba amayamba mizu, ndipo pambuyo pa miyezi iwiri kapena itatu, mankhwalawa amayamba kuphulika.