Makhalidwe aumunthu ndizokhazikika mwa umunthu waumtima, zomwe zimakhudza anthu, zimakhala zokhazikika, zimagwirizana ndi anthu ena. Pofotokoza munthu monga munthu, munthu ayenera kukhala ndi makhalidwe ake, pamene adziulula kwa ena kudzera mu zochita ndi zochita.
Makhalidwe aumunthu a munthu
Zomwe zimachititsa kuti thupi likhale ndi makhalidwe abwino, limakhala ndi mbali yofunikira, koma simungathe kupatula malo omwe munthu akukula. Mu chikhalidwe cha anthu ena, mwanayo amatenga njira zosiyanasiyana za makhalidwe, amaphunzira kuŵerenga maganizo ndi zochita kwa iwo kapena ntchito zina ndi kuzindikira makhalidwe omwe amavomerezedwa ndi anthu komanso omwe alibe. Umunthu wa munthu umakula moyo wake wonse ndipo munthu asanakhale ndi chisankho kuti adziwonetse yekha ku mbali yabwino kapena yoipa.
Makhalidwe abwino a munthu
Makhalidwe a munthu wabwino nthawi zonse amachititsa chidwi mwa anthu ndikupeza chiyanjano pakati pa anthu. Makhalidwe amenewa angathe kuwerengedwera kuzinthu zosawerengeka, ena adzalandidwa kuchokera kwa makolo, ena, ngati akukhumba, akufunika kuti apangidwe. Makhalidwe abwino a munthu - mndandanda:
- kudzipereka;
- kusangalala;
- chiyembekezo ;
- kukonda;
- kudalirika;
- chifundo;
- chithunzi;
- kusagwirizana;
- chiwonetsero;
- kukhulupirika;
- chiwonongeko;
- kusaganizira.
Makhalidwe oipa a munthu
Makhalidwe kapena makhalidwe oipa amayamba mwa munthu aliyense, ngakhale akale akale amasonyeza kuti pali munthu wabwino ndipo amayerekezera "zabwino" ndi "zoipa" mwa iye ndi mimbulu ziwiri - zabwino ndi zoipa, kumenyana pakati pawo, ndipo amene akulera bwino adzapambana. Makhalidwe oipa amadziwonetsera okha, ngati mwanayo sanaphunzire makhalidwe abwino a anthu, kawirikawiri ana otere amakula m'mabanja osagwira ntchito, koma zimachitika kuti munthu woipa ali ndi chikhalidwe choyambirira.
Makhalidwe oipa a munthu - mndandanda:
- nsanje;
- kudzikonda;
- kudzikuza;
- kunyada;
- chinyengo;
- chiwonongeko ;
- ulesi;
- chisokonezo;
- nkhanza;
- dyera;
- zopanda pake;
- chinyengo;
- kusayanjanitsika.
Kodi pali mgwirizano wotani pakati pa ntchito ndi makhalidwe a munthu?
Makhalidwe onse aumunthu amachokera ku zosowa zazikulu - kulandiridwa, kulemekezedwa, kukhala mwa chitetezo, kuti adzikwaniritse, choncho, kulankhulana kumalunjika. Zosowa zimapanga ntchito, ndipo kuti akwanitse zosowa, makhalidwe ena a munthu, mwachitsanzo, akatswiri, amafunika kuti adziwe. Kukhala wodziletsa, kudziletsa ndi kupirira ndizofunikira kuti tipambane masewerawo. Kusankha chitsogozo cha ntchito, umunthu umabweretsa mikhalidwe yomwe ikufunikira kuti ikwaniritsidwe.
Kodi makhalidwe a munthu ndi ati?
Makhalidwe enieni a munthu amatsimikizika ndi kupirira ndi chidziwitso cha chilengedwe, makhalidwe ena apamwamba amatanthawuza makhalidwe, khalidwe. Zomwezo ndi zina zimapangidwira mu moyo wawo wonse, zambiri ndizofunikira kuti zikhazikitsidwe kuti apangidwe umunthu ngakhale ali mwana. Makhalidwe ndi amakhalidwe abwino, amakhalidwe abwino, olimbikitsa, akatswiri - onse amasonyeza dziko lapansi la munthu, chomwe ali.
Makhalidwe abwino a munthu
Makhalidwe abwino ndi makhalidwe ndi ofanana kwambiri ndipo makhalidwe amenewa amachokera kwa wina ndi mnzake. Makhalidwe a chikhalidwe monga ulemu, kulingalira, kuyang'ana mwachidwi ku cholowa chawo ndi chikhalidwe ndiwo maziko a moyo wabwino pakati pa anthu. Zina mwa makhalidwe abwino angadziwike ndi zotsatirazi:
- Kupatsa chifundo - kukoma mtima kwa anthu, kuthandizira ofooka ndi osowa;
- kulemekeza ena - kumvetsetsa kuti aliyense ali wosiyana ndipo aliyense ali ndi chinachake cholemekeza;
- Kukhulupirika ndi khalidwe lomwe limagwirizanitsa payekha (kukhala woona kwa mfundo za munthu) ndi lingaliro loposa lonse - kukhulupirika ku Motherland;
- kusadzikonda - kuchitapo kanthu kwa zochita kuchokera ku zolinga zabwino, popanda kufunafuna phindu kwa iwo okha;
- Uzimu ndi khalidwe limene limaphatikizapo makhalidwe onse ndi chipembedzo chomwe chimakweza mzimu wa munthu.
Makhalidwe abwino a munthu
Makhalidwe a munthu wodalirika ndi ofunikira kukhalapo kwa anthu. Miyambo ndi zikhalidwe za anthu zimapanga mtundu wofanana kapena maziko omwe anthu amaphunzitsira ndi kupatsira ana awo. Munthuyo amasonyeza umunthu wake wamkati mwa makhalidwe ndi makhalidwe - izi ndi makhalidwe abwino omwe amapangidwa kudzera mu nzeru, malingaliro ndi chifuniro. Mwachikhalidwe, makhalidwe abwino a munthu akhoza kugawidwa m'magulu atatu: "zofunika," "zotheka," "kosatheka."
Makhalidwe abwino kuchokera ku "zofunikira" - ndizochita zinthu zabwino:
- ngongole;
- udindo;
Makhalidwe ochokera m'gulu la "zotheka" - izi ndizo ziwonetsero za umunthu zomwe sizikutsutsana ndi zikhulupiliro ndi mfundo za mkati:
- ulemu;
- ulemu;
- chikumbumtima;
- lingaliro la chilungamo.
Makhalidwe abwino a "zosatheka" gulu - amachitidwa ndi anthu ndipo amachititsa kusakonda pakati pa anthu:
- nsanje;
- chisokonezo;
- chinyengo;
- Kufuna kunama.
Makhalidwe apamtima a munthu
Makhalidwe apamwamba a munthu ndi malingaliro olimbitsa mtima omwe amatanthauzira munthu wokhwima ndi kudzikuza kudzidzimutsa kwa khalidwe lomwe limadzipangitsa yekha pazochitika zosiyanasiyana. Doctor of Psychology V.K. Kalin akuyang'ana makhalidwe omwe munthu amakhala nawo pamaganizo ake anawagawa m'magulu akulu awiri: basal ndi systemic.
Makhalidwe oyambirira (oyambirira)
- kuleza mtima - kuthekera kusakakamiza zochitika ndikutsatira zotsatira zowonongeka, koma kukhalabe ndi khama lapadera logwira ntchito, kupita mofulumira, ngakhale ngati zinthu sizili bwino (zopinga, kuchedwa, kutopa mkati);
- kulimbika mtima - kuthana ndi mantha, kuthekera kokhala ndi zoopsa, khalani chete m'mikhalidwe yovuta;
- mphamvu - khalidwe limene limakulolani kukweza ntchitoyo ku gawo lofunidwa ndi khama la chifuniro;
- kudziletsa ndi chipiriro - kuthekera kuti tisapitirire kumverera, kuchita zinthu mopupuluma, kudziletsa, maganizo, khalidwe.
Makhalidwe enieni:
- zolinga - chokhumba ku cholinga, chithandizo cha "kampasi ya mkati" yomwe imatsogolera ku zotsatira;
- Kulimbikira - kuthekera kuthetsa mavuto;
- kusagwirizana - kutsata mfundo imodzi yokha, osasinthana ndi yachiwiri;
- Cholinga - kuthekera kumasulira malingaliro akutulukira;
- kutsatira mfundo - khalidwe la munthu, zomwe zimakulolani kutsatira mfundo zina za makhalidwe abwino osasintha.
Makhalidwe abwino a munthu
Munthu sangathe kukhala kunja kwa anthu, monga aliyense payekha, anthu amatseguka m'magulu akuyankhulana. Munthu amakhudza anthu, ndipo chikhalidwe chimakhudza munthu - njirayi nthawi zonse imakhala mbali ziwiri. Munthu aliyense amachita maudindo osiyanasiyana, ndipo pa gawo lirilonse pali makhalidwe omwe amavumbulutsa. Makhalidwe abwino a munthu amamuthandiza kuti atsegule anthu kuchokera kumbali yabwino ndikubweretsa mgwirizano.
Makhalidwe abwino a anthu:
- Kudzidzimva ndizofunikira zomwe zimalola munthu kudzidziwitsa yekha payekha;
- chidziwitso cha chikhalidwe cha anthu - kuthekera kwa munthu kuti adziwe ndi anthu ena mosamala kapena mwamaganizo;
- kudzidalira - kuthekera kudziyesa nokha mopitirira malire kapena kusayenerera zoyenera za munthu, ndilo gawo lofunikira la lingalirolo;
- Zosangalatsa - luso ndi luso lopangitsa anthu kukhala ndi ntchito zofunikira pakulimbikitsa anthu;
- malingaliro a dziko - chiwonetsero cha ziwonetsero, miyezo, zikhalidwe ndi malingaliro otsimikizira mtima wa munthu kwa anthu komanso dziko lonse.
Makampani a munthu
Makhalidwe apamwamba a munthu amasonyeza kuti ali ndi luso lake ndikumulongosola ngati katswiri, wopangidwa chifukwa cha makhalidwe omwe alipo kale ndi maluso. Pogwiritsa ntchito ntchito, abwana ayenera kuyang'ana makhalidwe ndi maluso omwe wopemphayo ali nawo. Makhalidwe omwe ali ofunika pa ntchito ya munthu (pa mtundu uliwonse wa ntchito angakhale ndi zofunika):
- fast learner;
- maluso a bungwe;
- kusagwirizana;
- ufulu wodzilamulira;
- chochita;
- luso logwira ntchito muzinthu zambiri;
- luso loyankhula pamaso pa omvera;
- zochitika pakukambirana za bizinesi;
- molondola;
- kukonzekera tsiku logwira ntchito;
- chisokonezo;
- Kulingalira ndi kulemekeza mu ubale weniweni;
- malingaliro;
- maphunziro;
- maluso a bungwe.
Ndi makhalidwe ati omwe ali ofunikira kuti munthu akwaniritse cholinga chake?
Ngati mumapempha munthu aliyense zomwe zimawathandiza kukwaniritsa zolinga zawo, mayankho onse adzakhala osiyana - ndizochitika payekha ndipo zimadalira zochitika zosiyanasiyana komanso mtundu wa nyumba yosungirako zinthu, zomwe zimayambira muubwana. Makhalidwe a munthu woulenga - izi ndizowunikira komanso zowonjezera, "munthu wamba" amafunikira kudziletsa ndi khama. Chimene chimalimbikitsa kukwaniritsa zolingazo, chimzake sichiri chithandizo, aliyense ali ndi njira yake yopambana koma pali lingaliro loyenera la anthu kuti zikhale zotani.
Makhalidwe a munthu wopambana
Makhalidwe akunja a munthu ndi momwe amadziwonetsera yekha muzochita ndi zochita zake, ndipo makhalidwe amenewa ndi chithunzi cha mkati. Makhalidwe a munthu wopambana amapindula mwaulere ndipo chofunikira kwambiri mwa iwo ndi udindo pa magawo onse kuthetsa mavuto. Zina, makhalidwe ofunikira omwe amawoneka bwino:
- luntha - kumathandizira kupeza zosagwirizana zogwiritsira ntchito mtundu uliwonse wa ntchito zosavuta tsiku ndi tsiku, mpaka kuthetsa nkhani za bizinesi;
- Kuika maganizo - kuganiza molakwika kwawononga malingaliro abwino ndi mapulani omwe sanagwidwepo, chifukwa lingaliro lokha limakhala ndi zotsatira;
- chidaliro - chimachokera ku chitsimikizo ndipo chimamangirira mu ndondomeko;
- Onetsetsani kuthandiza anthu - khalidwe lofunika la munthu wopambana yemwe amadziwa kuti lero adzathandiza, mawa adzamuthandiza;
- masomphenya a chiyembekezo ndi chiwerengero cha zotsatira ziwiri zoyambira;
- kulimba mtima - aliyense amaopa zatsopano, osadziwika, koma kungogonjetsa mantha awo akhoza kupambana ;
- Kulakalaka - ziribe kanthu momwe ndondomeko zolinga zikuwonekera zikukuzungulira iwe, uyenera kusunga zolinga ndikupita ku cholinga.