Zambiri zamagulu a ziganizo zinabwera kwa ife kuchokera ku Greece yakale. Chifukwa cha nkhani zophunzitsira zafilosofi ya zaka zimenezo, nkhani zakale zidasungidwa. M'zaka chikwi chotsatira, mawu ochepa amachokera ku malemba amenewa. Izi zikuphatikizapo mawu akuti "lupanga la chiwonongeko", lomwe linachokera ku nthano.
Lupanga la Zisokonezo ndi liti?
Chithunzi chodziŵika chinatchulidwa koyamba m'fanizo lakale la Cisero wotchuka wafilosofi, amene analemba zaka zikwi zapitazo. Nthano imanena kuti lupanga la Chipululu ndi chida chimene mfumu inalamula kuti ikhale pamutu pa bwaloli kuti asonyeze kuti nthawi zonse amakhala ndi mantha m'moyo wake ndipo nthawi iliyonse ikhoza kukhala yomaliza, choncho musamuchitire nsanje popanda kudziwa mbali yachiwiri ya ndalama.
Lupanga la Damocles - tanthawuzo la phraseology
Patapita nthawi, mawu akuti "Kuwononga lupanga" adakhala otchuka, ndipo anagwiritsidwa ntchito mosavuta ndi olemba a mayiko osiyanasiyana ndi mayina osiyanasiyana. Pogwiritsa ntchito chiyambi cha nthano yokha, mawu akuti "Kuwononga lupanga kupachikidwa pa munthu" amatanthauza:
- kuopsezedwa ndi chirichonse kapena kwa wina aliyense;
- ngozi yomwe ingakhale ikudikirira nthawi iliyonse;
- chinthu chodandaula, chomwe chimakumbutsidwa nthawi zonse za wozunzidwa amene amasambitsidwa bwino.
Nthano ya lupanga la madontho
Panthawi ya ulamuliro wa Dionysius, zikondwerero zazikulu zinali zofunikira, ndipo wolamulirayo anali atazunguliridwa ndi anthu ogwira ntchito zolemekezeka omwe ankapanga zosangalatsa zosiyanasiyana. Moyo wa wolamulirawo unkawoneka wosavuta komanso wosasamala, umene omverawo ankakonda kuwatemberera. Chimodzi mwa zokondedwa za mfumu ya Damocles chinaganiza zonena izi mokweza ndipo posakhalitsa kulipira. Dionysius anali wosiyana ndi nkhanza chabe, komanso mwachinyengo.
Iye anandiuza ine kamodzi kuti ndimulandire wokondedwayo monga wolamulira, ndi ulemu wonse, ndipo pamene iye, atakhala pamalo olemekezeka pa zosangalatsa za chiwerewere, anayang'ana mmwamba, iye anawona lupanga likulendewera pamutu pake. Podziwa kuopa zomwe amakonda, mfumu inanena kuti izi ndizo zotsatira za olamulira, kuti azikhala mwamantha kwamuyaya zovuta ndi zovuta za adani. Kotero inu musamachitire nsanje izi. Tanthauzo limeneli linasungiranso mawu akuti "Lupanga la Chipongwe".
Kodi lupanga la ziwonongeko linaimitsidwa liti?
"Kuwononga lupanga" - tanthawuzo la mawuwa sizinapeze matanthauzo ambiri, mosiyana ndi ena ambiri omwe adachokera ku Hellenes. Popeza chida ichi chinangokhala pahatchi pokhapokha, sipangakhale gulu lina, monga:
- chotheka;
- chiwonongeko chodziwika
Lingaliro la "lupanga la chiwonongeko pa munthu" pakagwiritsa ntchito zamakono likuphatikizapo kuopseza osati zakuthupi zokha, komanso za ndondomeko ya makhalidwe:
- kusakhulupirika;
- wosokoneza;
- kuwopa kuti adzathamangitsidwa;
- matenda aakulu a okondedwa.
Nchiyani chimasunga lupanga la Chipululu kuti lisagwe?
M'nkhaniyi, sizongopanda kanthu kuti chidwi chimangoganizira kuti lupanga linaimitsidwa pa horsehair. Kuyambira kalekale akavalo ambiri akhala akugwiriridwa ndi tsitsi la akavalo, milungu yambiri ya zikhulupiriro zosiyana imakonda nyama izi, zimayesedwa kuti zimakhudzidwa ndi zochitika za chikhalidwe ndi zakutchire zamtsogolo. Chithunzi cha kavalo chinkagwirizanitsidwa:
- ndi matsenga a kuwala;
- mphamvu ya dzuwa;
- kubereka.
Tsitsi lakavalo ndi lamphamvu kwambiri, limatulutsa bwino kwambiri komanso limatulutsa madzi, choncho ngakhale kale kwambiri ankatengedwa kuti ndi chodalira kwambiri. Aliyense amene anamva za momwe lupanga la Damocles likulendewera ndi ulusi linaimira mphamvu yofooka kwambiri. Koma zoona zake ndizo, Dionysius wochenjera amachita mantha ndikuganiza mwanzeru, koma osati kupha madontho, osagwiritsa ntchito tsitsi la kavalo kuti aphunzire chiwawa.