Nthano za Aslavic ndizo chikhalidwe chochuluka kwambiri chosiyidwa ndi makolo athu achikunja. Pambuyo pa Ubatizo wa Rus, Asilavo, osakonzeka kusiya mwambo womwewo, adabweretsa Chikhristu kukhala gawo la zochitika zachikunja. Choncho, yankho la funsolo, omwe ali magulu ndi maghouls, liyenera kufufuzidwa mu nthano zakale za Chislavoni.
Kodi ghoul ndi ndani?
Ngati mumagwiritsa ntchito mawu a masiku ano, ghoul ndi vampire amene amachoka m'manda usiku kuti amalize njala yake. Koma, mosiyana ndi a European "bloodsuckers," magulu enieni ku Russia sanasunge thupi la wozunzidwayo. Anakhulupilira kuti ngati ghoul sanadye thupi la wozunzidwa, koma amamwa mwazi wonse - adzipha yekha adzakhala nyamakazi.
Mu chikhalidwe chisanayambe Chikristu, magulu ndi mizimu yomwe imabweretsa imfa, chilala ndi mliri. Iwo analibe vuto limodzi kwa munthu, kotero kuti posakhalitsa anamwalira ndi matenda osadziwika. Pambuyo pa kukhazikitsidwa kwa Chikristu ku Russia, a Slavic ghoul ndi munthu wakufa yemwe sanapatsidwe kuikidwa m'matchalitchi ndipo anaikidwa m'manda osadziwika. Kuonjezerapo, mwayi wokhala chilombo cholandira:
- kudzipha;
- zidakwa;
- olosera;
- okhulupirira opanduka ndi ochimwa.
Mkazi wa ghoul ndi wochita zamatsenga komanso wachikunja. Polephera kupeza mtendere pambuyo pa imfa, amabwerera kunyumba usiku ndipo amapita kunja. Anthu omwe amadana naye pa moyo wake, amamuzunza, amayesa kupha, makamaka nthawi zambiri ghoul amanyansidwa ndi mpongozi wake wosakondedwa, akuwatulutsa kunja kwa nsalu.
Kodi ghoul amawoneka bwanji?
Asilamu a Slavic sanali ofanana ndi malingaliro amakono okha, koma ngakhale kwa anzawo akunja. Nthano zimalongosola kuti iwo ali ngati ziwombankhanga, zokhoza kuvomereza mawonekedwe aliwonse kapena kukhala osawoneka. Kawirikawiri ghoul anatenga nkhope ya munthu wakufa ali ndi mano achitsulo, amene maso ake ankawotchedwa ndi moto wa infernal.
Ngati kufufuza kwa ghoul kufika kukumba manda, kunapezeka kuti:
- Munthu wakufa samanyalanyaza.
- Zovala zake zang'ambika.
- Manja ndi mapazi amamenyedwa ku fupa.
Kodi pali maghouls?
N'zovuta kunena mosakayikira kuti magulu alipo, koma n'zosatheka kutsutsa chikhulupiriro ichi. Kuphunzira za vuto ili ku Russia sikunaphunzirepo bwinobwino. Koma ku Ulaya pakati pa milandu ya XVIII ya vampirism anafufuzidwa pamwambamwamba. Dokotala weniweni wa Mkazi Maria Theresa Gerard van Sweeten ndi katswiri wodziwika bwino wa zaumulungu Antoine Augustine Calme m'magwirizano awo anatsutsa mwamtheradi maganizo pa nkhaniyi. Ndani mwa iwo amene amakhulupirira - mumasankha.
Kodi pali kusiyana kotani pakati pa vampire ndi ghoul?
Panopa amakhulupirira kuti magulu ndi magulu ali zolengedwa zofanana, zosiyana kwambiri ndi zizoloŵezi zawo ndi luso lawo. Kuwoneka kwa cholakwika ichi ndi chifukwa cha AS Pushkin ndi ndakatulo yake "Ghoul". Ndipotu wolemba ndakatulo, mwachiwonekere, analemba zolakwika mawu akuti "mmbulu", zomwe zimatanthawuza kuti kusewera. Zolemba zamakalata zinapitiliza mu 1839 AK Tolstoy, yemwe analemba nkhani ya gothic "Family of the Ghoul".
Umboni wa maghouls
Kutchulidwa koyambirira kwa malembo kumayambiriro kwa zaka za zana la 11 ndipo kunachitika ku Polotsk. Kenaka pamisewu ya mzindawo usiku kunali kuponderezedwa ndi munthu yemwe mosadziwa anachoka mumsewu, posakhalitsa anamwalira ndi matenda osadziwika. Posakhalitsa kuonekera kwa ziphuphu pamutu wa Polotsk, mavuto onse a Kievan Rus adayamba:
- miliri;
- chilala;
- kuzungulira mafuko a Polovtsian.
Nkhani zotsatizana za mabukhu zimapezeka m'nthano ndi maulendo, msilikali amene nthawi zambiri ankachita ngati msirikali, yemwe ndi chinyengo ndi mwayi wokhoza kuthawa ku ghoul. Koposa zonse, zikhulupilirozi zinali zofala m'madera akumwera, pa gawo la masiku ano Ukraine ndi Belarus.
Kodi mungatani kuti muthane ndi vutoli?
Njira zothana ndi zirombozi zinali zofanana m'mayiko ambiri. Ngati pangakhale kukayikira kuti mudziwu ukuopsezedwa ndi ghoul, anthu a m'mudzimo adzafunafuna manda omwe dziko lapansi likanakumbidwa kapena pakanakhala zizindikiro zoti wakufayo sagona pabwalo. Kapena, ngati munthu posachedwapa adafera, zomwe adanena kuti amadziwa ndi mzimu woipa, amakumba manda ake. Kenako anachita zotsatirazi.
- Thupi linasinthidwa.
- Iwo anathamangira mtengo wa aspen kumbuyo.
- Matendawa adadulidwa ndipo mafupa pamilingo adathyoledwa.
- Mitamboyi inadulidwa pamwamba pa zidendene ndipo zitsulozo zinatsanulidwa pa bala.
- Iwo anadula mitu yawo, ankalowetsa mmenemo chinachake chitsulo ndi kuyika izo mu mapazi awo.
- Kuwononga kwathunthu ghoul, kunali kofunikira kuwotcha.
Pamene adakumana ndi zigawenga, adzikaniza ndi mtanda kapena kuzunza, ankakhulupirira kuti mizimu yoyipa idali ndi mantha. Zinali zotheka kusokoneza chilombochi ndi mbewu ya poppy, mpunga, tirigu - chinachake chochepa komanso chopezekapo mowonjezereka - zilembo za zilakolako za Chisilavo pomwe nthawi yomweyo anayamba kuwerengera mbewuzo ndipo sichidaime mpaka aliyense atayesedwa.
Kuteteza nyumba yogwiritsidwa ntchito:
- Zida zachitsulo, zimaponyedwa pamoto kapena kufalikira pawindo;
- Mitanda imatenthedwa pawindo ndi zitseko ndi kandulo, pa Lachinayi Loyera;
- Adani a mizimu yoyipa anali agalu obadwa woyamba kapena kukhala ndi mawanga pamwamba pa maso awo, kukumbutsa maso ena.
Mabuku onena za ghouls
- "Ghoul" A.K. Tolstoy . Nthano ya mtsogoleri wina wachinyamata yemwe anapita ku mpira ku magulu.
- "Ghoul" A.N. Afanasyev . Kusintha nkhani ya chi Russia ku mtsikana yemwe anakwatira ghoul.
- "Kuzungulira mzinda" Andrey Belyanin . Bukhuli lalembedwa mu mtundu wa zokondweretsa zokhazokha ndipo limatchula za Cossacks akuyang'anira dongosolo mu mzinda, kumene mfiti ndi ziphuphu zimakhala.
Mafilimu onena za ghouls
- "Viy" . Zithunzi zojambula pa N.V. Gogol, yemwe adalandira ulemu ku USSR ndi kunja.
- "Ghoul" . Kanema wa Russia ndi yachilendo kwambiri yokhudza mipikisano ndi magulu omwe amawopseza akuluakulu a zigawenga.